Earticle

The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of the human service quality and aesthetic labor of cosmetics shops on relationship sustainability. Correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between independent and dependent variables, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypothesis. The discussion is as follows. First, the human service quality of cosmetics shops was found to have a positive effect on relationship sustainability. Second, the aesthetic labor of cosmetics shops was found to have a positive effect on relationship sustainability. Therefore, high human service quality increases customer trust and satisfaction, and aesthetic labor positively elicits customers’ emotional responses, and when the two factors are well combined, relationship sustainability can be greatly improved. Through this study, it can be seen that human service quality and aesthetic labor are important variables that affect relationship sustainability. This study reconfirmed the importance of human service quality and aesthetic labor on the relationship sustainability of cosmetics shops by considering the characteristics of consumers who consider human service quality and aesthetic labor important amidst the overheated competition among numerous cosmetics shops.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increasingly emerged as a significant global health challenge in the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) water and its influence on RAW 264.7 macrophage immune cell line during bacterial infections. The experiment was divided into four groups: NC (normal control), NT (cells + NO water), infected group (each bacterial strains), and treatment group (infected + NO water). NO water was generated using device by bubbling NO gas into tap water, thereby generating final concentrations of 100, 175, and 250 μM. The antibacterial activity was assessed against five different pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays revealed a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with 250 μM NO water exhibiting the strongest antimicrobial effects. In particular, E. coli and S. aureus were the most susceptible, showing over a 90% reduction in CFU counts as compared to the control group. Moreover, P. aeruginosa, S. pullorum, and H. pylori also significantly decreased bacterial counts as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the effects of NO water on immune cell activation was assessed by treating RAW264.7 macrophages cell line to bacterial infection and measuring post-treatment cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NO production. At 30 μM NO water, a significant increase in cell viability was observed 6 hours post-infection, particularly in S. aureus and S. pullorum-infected macrophages. However, cell viability decreased at 12 and 24 hours, indicating a time-dependent response. NO water significantly reduced ROS levels in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and H. pylori-infected cells, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. In contrast, S. aureusinfected cells, ROS levels were increased, suggesting a pathogen-specific response. Additionally, NO water significantly increased intracellular NO levels in bacteria-infected RAW264.7 cells, particularly in infections with S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pullorum. Collectively, our findings suggest that NO water enhances NO synthesis, decreases ROS production, modulates immune responses, and facilitates pathogen clearance. However, further more in-depth in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to fully elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the marketing mix and customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer revisit intention in the makeup service sector. The research sought to identify factors of the 7P marketing mix (physical evidence, process, place, price, product, promotion, people) that influence customer satisfaction (artist, cosmetics, service, price), customer loyalty, and customer revisit intention (satisfaction, total service) for those who received makeup services. The goal was to propose a research model of marketing mix, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer revisit intention by testing the mediating effects between variables. The analysis results are as follows: First, customer revisit intention was derived as two factors: satisfaction and total service. Second, among the 7P marketing mix, the process of service delivery was found to have the most significant impact on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer revisit intention. Third, regarding customer satisfaction's influence on customer loyalty and revisit intention, the artist factor was identified as the most influential. Fourth, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty were found to have partial mediating effects. The significance of this study lies in its identification of the most influential factors and the derivation of a model showing how the marketing mix affects customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer revisit intention.

Sorbus commixta is a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family native to Asia. It has long been used to treat diverse diseases like asthma and neuralgia. It has been reported that extract of the bark has effective results in suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pre-inflammation by down-regulating the NF- кB pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced RAW 264.7 cells. Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentation disorder of the skin resulting in the selective viability of melanocytes and yet its cause has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, ethanol extract of S. commixta twigs (STE) activated melanocytes, significantly increasing the proliferation and melanin contents of B16F10 melanocytes. Because of the importance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in inflammatory diseases, including vitiligo, the antiinflammatory effects of STE were tested in TNF-α stimulated dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and STE reduced the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. To evaluate the molecular mechanism of STE the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined. STE inactivated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (p38). In addition, STE showed anti-oxidative properties on assays of DPPH radical scavenging activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that STE may have potential therapeutic activity in vitiligo.

The use of information and communication technology, which mediates the interaction between humans and computers, is accelerating compared to the past as the period of the 4th Industrial Rezvolution has passed. The reservation and payment service through the online platform is combined with fintech to establish itself as a major consumption behavior of adult consumers along with its explosive growth. In addition, online platform service providers such as Naver Place Reservation, Kakao Hair Shop, and Google provide O2O beauty services such as Naver Place Reservation, Kakao Hair Shop, and Google Reservation, which provide consumers with service experiences that lead from online to offline. Beauty shop users are also actively accepting the use of online platform services, and beauty shop operators are also actively using online platform services such as Naver Place Reservation, Kakao Hair Shop, and Google Reservation for marketing to induce users to visit online. In the past, it is necessary to pay attention to the form and tendency of users to accept online platform services in accordance with the change from beauty shops centered on offline use to the current usage behavior that emphasized online experience. Therefore, this study attempted to find out whether the O2O beauty service applying the extended integrated technology acceptance model (UTAUT2) affects customer satisfaction and visit intention.This study consisted of four sub-factors: performance expectation, effort expectation, social impact, and service quality perception using the extended integrated technology acceptance model (UTAUT2) through the review of previous studies. In previous studies, it was verified that O2O beauty services are factors that positively influence users' intention to visit in various fieldsHowever, there are insufficient studies to verify the relationship between customer satisfaction and visit intention of the O2O beauty service applying the extended integrated technology acceptance model (UTAUT2) in the beauty field. In addition, the customer satisfaction and visit intention of the O2O service applying the extended integrated technology acceptance model (UTAUT2) are mainly focused on other areas other than the beauty field, so it is considered that a study to verify the relationship between the O2O service and the beauty field is necessary.This study conducted an offline self-study survey of adult men and women in their 20s or older who have used beauty shops in the metropolitan area, and through this, the final 274 copies of statistical analysis data were obtained, and the SPSS Ver. 28.0 program was used for the data. The general characteristics of the survey subjects were verified by frequency analysis, and the measurement tools were verified by factor analysis and reliability analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted to understand the correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable, and t-test and oneway variance analysis were conducted to analyze O2O beauty services centered on the extended integrated technology acceptance model according to demographic characteristics. Finally, a hierarchical regression analysis wa

Korea is actively pursuing various initiatives to become a global leader in education that can meet the current demand for education and attract and nurture international talent to drive regional and institutional growth. Developed countries such as the U.S., U.K., Australia, Germany, and Canada are competing to attract international students to enhance their national competitiveness and secure talent from abroad. Korean universities are similarly focused on addressing the challenges posed by a declining school-age population and are increasingly targeting international students who can contribute positively to the local economy. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of digital human technology in attracting and promoting international students who wish to enroll in Korean universities to study K-beauty. To do so, we first analyzed the current status of international students in Korean higher education institutions based on statistical data from the Ministry of Education, Statistics Korea, Korea Educational Development Institute, Ministry of Employment, and Ministry of Justice, including the number of international students by course, discipline and region, country of origin and region, type of study abroad, university, and major, the share of international students in the world, the number of international students, and the status of improving the visa system for international students. In order to utilize digital hobnobbing technology to promote departments to attract international students, we utilized a tool provided by Klleon. From 2015 to 2022, the number of foreign students in domestic higher education institutions increased from 91,332 in 2015 to 166,892 in 2022. Four-year institutions accounted for 149,576 students, 89.6%, vocational colleges 8.7%, and graduate schools 1.7%, and by region, 58.2% were in the metropolitan area and 41.8% were in non-metropolitan areas. By country of origin, China accounted for 66,372 (43.6%), and Asia accounted for 90.8%. In terms of non-metropolitan areas, Busan, Daejeon, Chungnam, and Jeonbuk were found to be higher than other regions. By university, Hanyang University, Kyung Hee University, and Sungkyunkwan University were the top three, with humanities and social sciences accounting for the highest proportion. Although the share of international students in Korea has been slowly increasing, the share in 2020 was 2%, which is still lower than the OECD. For international students who complete their studies in Korea, employment after graduation is very low, and the Ministry of Justice is working to improve the system for international student visas. As the interest in digital humans in education is increasing, and the technical support for creating digital humans is getting cheaper, faster, and more convenient, it is expected that their use in attracting and promoting international students will increase. As the social interest in generative AI has recently increased and the field of digital beauty has been established as an academic field, it is predicted that the day may soon come when AI humans will be used in beauty education, so it is necessary for instructors to prepare for this.