Earticle

The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal threshold ranges for predicting osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures by analyzing the correlations between the trabecular patterns and fracture risk factors of the proximal femur. We selected 85 post-menopausal women as experimental subjects and classified them into groups of 29 normal and 56 osteoporotic patients according to their T-scores. We proposed a novel thresholding algorithm, which divides the threshold ranges from 0% to 95% on the basis of the trabecular bone area, and assessed the osteoporosis predictability for each range. The evaluation parameters were categorized into four morphological parameters and six fracture risk factors. Consequently, we found the clinical usefulness of the proposed algorithm for discriminating the patients with osteoporosis from those with normal bone. Moreover, the significances between the morphological parameters and the fracture risk factors improved as the bone mineral density (BMD) decreased. Based on these experimental results, we selected the optimal threshold conditions for predicting osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures at thresholds of 40%-80%.

Scheduling plays a very important role in effective communication in optical burst switching networks. Thus far, many different scheduling algorithms have been proposed; these can be classified into two main groups: online scheduling and group scheduling. In case of the latter, some algorithms have been proposed as OBS-GS, which maximize the number of scheduled bursts, or MWIS-OS, the target of which is to obtain the maximum total length of the scheduled bursts. However, these proposals have the algorithm complexity of NP-complete. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of group scheduling that has linear complexity; the timeslot of group scheduling changes adaptively to the rate of the arriving bursts. The analysis and simulation results prove the correctness and the effectiveness of our proposal.

Scalable video coding (SVC) is an extension of H.264/AVC for providing three types of scalabilities: temporal, spatial, and quality. These scalabilities can be combined to make use of network bandwidth. As an extension of the H.264/AVC video standard, an inter-mode prediction technique is used for reducing temporal as well as spatial redundancies by using seven variable-sized macroblocks (MBs) for rate-distortion (R-D) optimization, hierarchical bi-directional motion prediction, and inter-layer prediction. These techniques achieve coding efficiency, but they increase the computational complexity of the SVC encoding system. To reduce the complexity of the SVC encoding system, this paper proposes a fast mode selection method based on an adaptive search direction selection for bi-directional motion prediction. We verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to a 51% decrease in encoding time with a negligible loss of quality.

This paper considers the problem of designing a Multilayer Survivable Optical Network for the customers’ Demands Problem called MSONDP. The network is modelled by two graphs: an undirected graph G1 = (V1, E1) and a complete undirected and weighted graph G2 = (V2, E2, c). The goal objective of this problem is to design connections based on customers’ demands with the smallest a minimum network cost to protect the network against all failures. This paper introduces a multi-objective approach for MSONDP. These objectives are to minimize the network cost (totalCost) and the maximum number of connections passing over a link (maxConn). Further, this paper also proposes a multi-objective genetic algorithm to solve this problem. The eExperimental results on real world and random instances are reported to show the efficiencyefficacy, in terms of minimizing the network cost, of the proposed algorithm comparing compared to the single genetic PGAMSONDP.

Groundwater is a very important water resource and groundwater consumption comprises 11% of the total water usage in Korea. In contrast to other water resources, contaminated groundwater requires a long period for remediation. Thus, the Korean government has enacted several laws to ensure the preservation of fresh groundwater, although any policy-based method is likely to fail if the policy depends on error-prone humans. In fact, the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety confirmed hundreds of cases of norovirus infection due to the consumption of poorly managed groundwater in Jeonbuk province during April 2013. The present study proposes an intelligent system that minimizes human intervention to facilitate groundwater management.

Mobile computing devices such as smartphones and personal media players are challenging because of their intrinsic features, such as their battery capacity, the constraints of wireless networks, and device limitations. First, a fundamental challenge is related to the power inefficiency of location-aware functions. Location-based applications are killer applications on smartphones, but they consume large amounts of power when operated for a long period. Thus, an energy-efficient locationbased service is proposed. Second, another challenge is related to the power inefficiency with respect to mobile cloud computing. Thus, the proposed framework reduces power dissipation by substituting less power-intensive sensors when the smartphone is in a static state, such as on a table in an office. This substitution is controlled by a finite state machine with a user movement detection strategy. The core technique employed by the proposed framework is based on a web service and SOAP because a web service is the best fit for a framework that does not depend on a specific smartphone OS platform. Thus, the proposed framework architecture was evaluated using an application for PI value computation. The results demonstrated that the mobile cloud computing platform delivered better performance by increasing the number of cloud nodes and the resource management strategy improved the power consumption.

The previous technological solution to the creation of an integrated ID(Identity) environment was distinctly driven by national commerce. Thus, a future extension of this study area has been continuously anticipated. Therefore, it is expected to take further study in terms of credit services aspect based upon technology for the integrated environment. Accordingly, for this research, we forecasted the need to establish the essential concept of ID credit services in an ID integrated environment, and developed an ID credit scoring system. Using ID credit services, it is possible to track a subject's credit history online, resulting in a safer online environment.