Earticle

This phenomenon can be seen to be resulted from a period tendency attempting to arrange for academic legitimacy as to beauty as technology equipped with an academic system, and aiming to satisfy this period demand, it is needed to attain actively a variety of study activities in a course of graduate school related to beauty which is the highest level of beauty education industry. However, our country's present beauty education is facing quantitatively conspicuous expansion period along with the specialization as academic phenomenon, but the qualitative enhancement is not achieved, and it needs to examine a few problems of education for a graduate school, aiming to bring up a professor by major according to nurturing an expert to be equipped with academic frame. Accordingly, to form educational foundation specialized, segmented and systematic as to the beauty learning, it strives to present a few improvement plans in light of the reality of education for a graduate school related to beauty. First, there is a problem being requiring to clarify in detail educational goals with 'contents' and concrete 'action.' Second, as a matter about the composition of curriculum, there is a problem of showing no relation between the name of a major course for a present graduate school related to beauty of our country and the opening distribution of a major subject relevant in each course, and of adopting a form of total beauty department due to the department store-like array of a subject by each field. Third, it is an immediate matter to print the professional teaching materials by each field related to beauty. Fourth, there is a problem about the specialty of a major professor. Given seeing that a person to convey is a professor, no matter how the best curriculum was arranged, a major professor's specialty can be said to be an important matter from the dimension of qualitative level of education. When the requirements having been presented until now are faithfully satisfied, thus the effective and scientific education of a graduate school related to beauty is attained, the beauty education will be progressed as the learning capable of contributing to a nation or society as the true composite-arts education, and in addition, the globalization of beauty education will be also achieved.

The 18th century, when hair styles escaped from simple concept in the earlier times, "adequate harmony and proportion" and changed into creative and technical hair designs, is a historical turning point in hair fashion. Curls and various color of rocaille motif popular at that times was oriented from art, and right-left unbalanced circular patterns used in indoor decoration were projected to every thing of living. These plastic art was melt into hair style to decorates human body, and made the body an artistic piece by making up one's appearance to the most in the portrait. Pastel colors of wall paper and the delicacy of rocaille motif went to the extreme, and Rococo fitted in with hair design. Complicatedness, and head-dress components such as powder color and decoration were replaced into luxuriousness. Delicacy created an enormous hair style. Appearance decoration such as ribbon, flower, pad made of feathers, horse's hair and flax yam, kinds of partly postiche in the hair, pomade, and even frame showed up. In this way, head-dress was used for hair design, not independent things of hair style. Appearance of professional han dressers due to luxurious and technical hair styles in the 18th century elevated the position of hair style to hair fashion. They created head dress and established a foothold for modem beauty by, for example, publishing a variety of magazines and books which presented mixed hair style using ornament, caps, and hats, not hair only. Hair style in Rococo times which is the barometer of trend history, was settled as the han fashion created by cultural factors such as knowledge, religion, art, ethics, laws, and custom. However, the changes in social structure and living patterns as women at home advanced into labor market in 1960s requested a change even in the structure of human body. Thereupon, Vidal Sassoon presented functional and standardized hair style of current times which is labor-intensive style. It was hair cut, which gave liberation from daily life.

Owing to deformalism of postmodernism, a limitation disappeared in selecting the materials and subjects of makeup. Collage makeup, which mixed heterogeneous factors, and antiformal and graphic makeup, which deviated from classic form of makeup, appeared. Punk makeup, which showed a characteristic of deconstructionism and which was a way of revealing counter culture, was far away from traditional beauty and made us reconsider esthetic values of makeup. The modem makeup accepted the camp sensibility which liked kitsch, hyperbolic and artificial things. The beauty standard to affect the makeup is a beauty consciousness established on a mental basis which reflects the contemporary philosophical, social and cultural environment, and value system. Its values are established according to social changes with the contemporary absolute value and human desire of pursuing new things. The modern makeup is a visual symbol which represents modem people's subjective essence and value in a highly developed and complicated structure of society and it is used as a symbolic language. Thus, makeup artists should develope makeup by strengthening and maintaining the tense relationship occurred between social responsibility, aesthetics and artistic duty.

We can see serious life style of a lower class such as the folks and the humble in genre paintings that were painted by Hong-do Kim and Yun-bok Shin who were remarkable artists of Chosun. We can recognize the women's hair styles of a lower class through the features of tenants, artisans, and merchants in Hong-do Kim's paintings. Like wise, we can imagine the women's hair styles of a higher class who imitated those of 'Kie-sangs' through the features of Kie-sangs who were illustrated by Shin-yunbok Common hair styles in their paintings were 'Unzen-muri', 'Zokkjin-muri', 'Taen-muri', and 'Tre-muri', 'Unzen-muri' for young and married women who liked to follow the vogue, 'Zokkjin-muri' for old and lower classified women, 'Taen-muri' which was added by 'Darea' for fashionable and rich 'Kiesangs'(It is supposed to be popular for married women of 'Yang-bad who were kinds of higher class.), and 'Taen-muri' for unmarried women. In the case of 'headgear' which were sorts of items of hair-cordinators, 'Jang-ot' and 'Sgae-chima' were used regardless of class or wealth. Also, we can feel affection and love of laster Chosun's women for hair styles by 'Chak' and 'Jounrno' that were popular for a short time.

To observe 8 essential and 6 heavy metals in hair treated by hair perm and coloring agents, 30 samples of virgin hair which has never experienced hair perm and coloring were collected and analyzed. The experiment groups were treated by hair perm and coloring. While the aluminum level was decreased by repeated perms and colorings, calcium, magnesium, and iron were increased by perm or coloring treatment. Copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc had no significant differences between control and treated groups. The arsenic, mercury, and cadmium levels of treated groups were lower than of controls, but nickel was alike. Chromium and lead were increased by the treatment of perm or coloring, and so these elements that may cause allergy or skin troubles should be controlled.

To estimate the accumulation of the essential and heavy metals in hair by the treatment of hair coloring agents, 8 essential metals and 6 heavy metals in 30 virgin hairs and 29 coloring treatment hairs were analyzed using ICP. All metals except nickel had not shown hygienically significant meaning. The nickel concentration of all treatment group was higher than 0.31±0.68mg/L of control group, but only treatment group 4(very bright blonde coloring agent) of which concentration was 2.21±1.23mg/L showed statistically significant difference(p<0.001). For high nickel level result in contact allergy and dermatitis, this metal in hair coloring agent should be controlled

Dang dynasty had a well-arranged social standing system ranging from 1st to 9th Pum(品；class). Contrary to Shilla, Dang's 1st Pum indicated top class. The ranks of empress, the Crown Princess and ennobled ladies(命婦女官) were distinguished by the number of hairpins called Huachai(花釵）and Baodian(寶鈿）The ancient hair styles before Dang dynasty included Liang liaoji(兩了髮), San liaoji(三了髮), Zhui maji (墜馬髮), Luo ji(螺髮), Chui ji(垂髮）and so on. The hair styles of Previous Su dynasty were relatively simple and a little changed, while those of Dang dynasty were characterized mainly by high topknot on the top of head, which became leveled up gradually higher along with more sufficient forms than before. Ji(髮； Gye) refers to attaching tied hairs like Huan(髮) or Liao to the topor rear of head. Along with this Ji, topknot-like pattern was also formed underneath both ears by means of adjacent hairs on the side of head(髮). Ornamental accessories available around hairs inluded coarse-tooth comb called Shu(梳), Chai(釵), Buyao(步搖), Cui-qiao, Jue(爵) and Zan. With regard to women's ornaments, Mili was often used for covering head and whole body as well when women rode a horse. But as more and more women participated in society, Mili was abolished in the end and replaced by a sort of ensign called Weimao

Participating in a compositional work of a future-oriented mental world, hairdressing techniques as a human body art pursues artistic beauty and functional beauty. With investigating and analyzing -on the basis of artistic qualities in imitation and creation- competition hair designs which generate new modes in elements such as structures, forms, textures and colors, this study purposes to approach commercial fashion on a special perspective and re-enforce competitive powers in practice. Therefore, around consumer style and hair by night style which are essences of beauty contests, this study will provide formative techniques based on persuasive design elements and principles. As a result of inferring analogically a design change in future from a study of the world of works following demands of creativity of design and from a study of a history of consumer styles which had a practical value and the world of works pursuing beauty and function and following demands of new design, competition hair designs involving natural beauty and art beauty renewed hair styles only with a dry molding method in a new period and the consumer style which is a product of such a beauty culture uses various colors and harmonious and contrast techniques and become a work of beauty art which transit from silhouette pleat technic to lightness of meshes. Since the begging of 21C, the fullness of meshes increased solid effects and works in competitions on 2002 year looked like representing evening styles in 1980s. And they predicts a new change of next competitions to come. The advent of future-oriented evening styles which loaded classical elegance and beauty will lead the beauty culture as works of art in which fuctional beauty as beauty of form and beauty of content include beauty of nature and beauty of art. Hair fashion in beauty contests are reflecting individual thoughts and social concerns and design elements presented in competitions leads to salon style and to high fashion of hair with highest technique so that it may contribute to a creation of new design.

Scalp and k are stimulated by inner and external factors. The external factors are related to pollutional materials and heavy metal pollutants while inner factors are related to diseases and stress. Thus, this paper examined the types of scalp and the causes of hair damage occurred from stress. To solve the fundamental causes occurred from them, this paper studied head control method using aromatherapy, which is a natural therapy. This paper intended to comprehend the structures and characteristics of scalp and hair through the morphological properties of head and to apply the head control method to them by analyzing the causes of hair damage. In the study, the morphological properties, structure, effective components and efficacy of essential oils were examined after the concept of aromatherapy had been figured out, through which kinds of aroma applied to head control were identified. As a result, head massage using essential oil, which was useful for head control, promoted the circulation of blood and lymph and it produced the relaxation effect in the scalp showing the phenomenon of depilation, in hair damage and in problematic scalp conditions occurred from various factors in addition to stress. Questionnaire research was executed to figure out the individual preference for aroma and aroma utilization in the field of hair. According to the results of research, 34.5% of consumers using aroma used lavender oil, 16.9% tea tree, 10.1% peppermint and rosemary, respectively and the others used essential oils in order of lemon, ylang-ylang, camomile, clary sage oil for their scalp. In general, 80.2% of the consumers recognized that aromatherapy had an effect and 4.6% of them recognized that it didn't have an effect in using aromatherapy.

Compared to the past when cosmetology was categorized into only single type of industry, contemporary cosmetology in the 21st century becomes specialized and diversified into more various sub-categories. As of Year 2003, domestic 2.5 million cosmetologists yield about 53 trillion Korean won0 per annum in Korea. Implicitly, every law involves all norms or standards of social groups under the collective normativeness of legal codes as provided by upper group, so that it may help overcome any personal difference or conflicting interests, split opinions and interclass isolation in all our communities and groups, while facilitating a certain social unity. Ultimately, law suggests a comprehensive and integrated social norm beyond each subordinate norm. It can be asserted that legal stability may be maintained as a function of law by keeping public order through statute law based on human and social realities according to the characteristics of law as described above. With an overview of cosmetological or related laws that provide social roles of cosmetologists and also imply a part of our daily life, this study intends to address and outline the historical circumstances and follow-up transitions of Hairdresser & Cosmetologist Act, Public Sanitation Act and Public Sanitation Management Act with regard to their enactment. This study first looked into laws and regulations relevant to cosmetology in Japan and USA(New York and California) as the foundation of advanced cosmetologist acts. Next, this study demonstrated why it is necessary to enact cosmetologist acts to meet current Korean cosmetological circumstances and the era of globalization, and thereby suggested promising developmental directions in the future.

As the byeonbal(a pigtail) type is a method that nomadic tribes understood a method of binding up before 40,000 years, it is linked to Yeonyeon and Cheokbal by Hun. Byeonbal is also called pyeonbal and sakdu, and can be divided into three methods of braiding only the hair for oneself, braiding after putting a wig, and doing cheombal at the end of the braided hair, and three shapes for individual byeonbalhusu(辯髮後垂) that braided and loosened, the looks of a married woman who braided and did put it on, and the individual byeonbal that pushed and then braided the surrounding hair bundle. In particular, as a custom peculiar to Mongolia, the subal (beard and hair) type that braided, bound and loosened with leaving only the hair on the region of the parietal area after pushing the hair around the head, or the bal type of Manchuria tribes, is the hair style same as Mongol and Yeojin tribes, and was a shape that pushed the hair of the frontal bone as 'Jeonchihubyeon,' and left the hair of the back bone and then braided. As the hair convention of Mongol is what lets one's hair down one's shoulder and back, by backward binding the long hair on one's head in the middle and then making a pigtail ribbon, without leaving any hair on one's head around the crown of the head, it is called byeonbal, and is one important mark and a characteristic that distinguish Mongol from other races, as the unique hair convention that Mongol has. The standard of beauty is different depending on a period and a region. The aesthetic value of the Orient did put relative importance much on a mental thing. A form or contents of art is based on the good that is the mental value, and conducting this is moral, and the form of moral courtesy was directly recognized as an aesthetic thing. In particular, the endless space exists ova the head, the head is positioned on the upper part of the body, and there is the important brain there, thus revealing a method of symbolizing a human being through hairstyles and make-up.

This study was performed to examine the problem in choosing a come and to suggest the improvement plan according to the progress direction by teaching basic education and basic professional knowledge & technology required for the application to higher school on beauty and for the raising worker in industrial field through the actual circumstances of curriculum related to beauty in high schools. As the unit of credit time suggested in curriculum is completed insufficient to perform the educational purpose to raise good professional worker on beauty, the education based on speciality and aptitude, and extra-curricular activity should be activated. As for the course after graduating high school related to beauty, the rate of application to higher school would increase, so they need help. On the other hand, the opportunity for students to complete by opening job educational program to various courses. This thesis would be provided as basic data to educate linked systemically between school and industry in the beauty related education in high school and to show the actuality of beauty education being performed in high school level, the basic level to start beauty work to beauty-related high schools, colleges, universities, graduate schools and other educational organs connected to beauty education.

A color material that can fix a color onto natural or synthetic fibers or other objects is called dye. Most of vegetable dies applied to natural dye materials use leaves, stem, fruit and flower, heartwood, and bark The original color of sap extracted from plants is not used as it is, but each unique pigment enables color fixing. Even though dyes are from the plants of a kind, the color varies to growth environment, growth time, part of the plant, and season. This is a demerit for the reproducibility of color, and is a merit in that basic color can be varied more variously by use of mordant even in the same salt solutions. Polarization microscope was used to measure the thickness of hair. And, tensile strength by KS K 0409, wash off fastness by KS K0403, complex fastness to sweat and sunglight by KS K 0701, and color by L*a*b color space method were mured. On the whole, control plant colored hairs had lower values in tensile strength but higher values in thickness, wash off fastness, complex(sweat plus sunlight) fastness, and color degree. From the experiment results, hair quality of primitive hairs bossed the condition and reaction of secondary hairs. Different hair thickness measurement proved this, which suggested that various hair measurement of the primitive hairs were different was proved. Plant dye materials in the realm of nature increase hair thickness when coloring, or contracts once-swelled hairs by permanent or coloring, depending on dyes

The hair type formed in the Edo Age shows Braided Hair(結髮) style with five parts according to the positions of hairs in a head. The hair style was started in early ages and completely shaped in the Edo Age, and there were 270~280 hair types in the middle or end of the Age which had started in the early period of the Edo Age. The peculiar hair styles of the early Edo Age were the Front Hair, Both Side Hairs, Pho, Curved Hair Gok, and Front Hair on the side of a head, and those were classified into five names base on hair bundles arisen from the shape of a skull. Round Hair also named according large or small sizes. This showed various Pho until later ages by hanging tied hairs onto necks naturally, and there were various hair types based on whether hairs stretched horizontally, in the case of Bin. The Front Hair Style was a kind of charm hair types, which cut hair shortly, or used Jeul or tied hairs for volume effects onto the parietal region of the head From the middle of the Edo Age, women used a wooden supporter, Che, to tie hairs by reducing the volume of hairs or used Tied Hairs for hairs to be less, and women with many hairs cut their hairs to be shown as those with less hairs. As shown above, the JungChe, the base of Hair style process, was the origin of modeling beauty as well as a supplementing meaning to arrange hairs.

A drawing is the symbol that integrates the invisible part, beauty shaping process and the visible part completed through hair do into one, and such a symbolical activity with symbolic system is the illustration. As beauty is a complex total art requiring time and visual elements, it has spatial and organic interrelation with the costume shaping which takes human body as the object. Thus, hair beauty design has common expression of form, color, and texture of hair as one part of modelling that has a function in living as in the design of costume. Technique is to do, that is, to express all of the customer into a style. Designer is who draws up a drawing, and hair dresser is who expresses what he/she feels from his/her emotion to his/her thought and life. To represent a hair design with one's own technique is to completely make it one's own thing by adding creativity, a virtue of all hair dressers. As hair dressing is being changed in the change and the trend of fashion from 'Art wear'. What allows the inherent beautify of hair to have more natural complex is abstract structure graphics planned in the invisible part. As hairdressing art in which one's addition and new thought are implied with confidence into various own feeling and behaviors can have a possibility only when 'like' is predicted and presented, in the 'beautilogy' expecting boundless effect, the 'academic' ground of 'beautiology' which expects boundless effect is paved when its artistic technique is naturally expressed as visual language.