Earticle

The intraction between cimetidine and rifampicin was studied pharmacokinetically in normal human subjects. The serum level and the area under the serum concentration curve(AUC) of rifampicin administrated orally were elevated significantly by cimetidine. Volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant of rifampicin were reduced significanyly by cimetidine. Biological half-life of rifampicin was prolonged significantly by cimetidine. The mechanism of this results is probably related to the inhibition of rifampicin metabolism(deacetyl form) or reduction of blood flow in the liver. It is desirable that dosage regimen of rifampicin shoud be adjusted when combined with cimetidine in clinical pharmacy practice.

The ability to precisely predict serum digoxin concentration using 7 published methods in a group of 50 patients was undertaken. Two methods of estimating creatinine clearance and two estimates of lean body weight were employed as input variables using the 7 dosing methods. TDX was used to determine the nadir SDCs(serum digoxin concentrations) in 50 in patients meeting predetermined study criteria. All patients, whose ages ranged 19-71 years, had steady-state digoxin levels, were in oral digoxin, and were free from liver dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction and renal failure. The correlation coefficients(r) of predicted versus observed SDCs were determined,. and mean error(ME) was determined for each method to reflect bias, respectively. No substantial differance in predictive reliabliity was evident among the methods studied in total group. Poor correlations existed between predicted and observed SDCs(r<0.4) and these correlations were not significantly affected by age and gender. But relatively higher correlation and lower ME was founded for the CHF group in Jelliffe method(r=0.5, p<0.05).

The contents of caffeine in caffeine containing products in Korea, i.e., coffee. tea, cocoa and cola, and the individual pattern of consumption of caffeine containing beverages were studied to know the pattern of caffeine consumption. The correlation in between the amount of caffeine consumption and the obesity were also investigated. In results, the average contents of caffeine in the instant coffee was . The amount of caffeine in coffee were in the vending machine coffee, and in the coffee shop coffee. Average daily caffeine consumption per person was investigated to be 128mg with the wide range of 26mg-341mg. There was no correlation in the amount of daily caffeine consumption and the obesity.

The influence of phenobarbital(PB) pretreatment(75mg/kg/day, Lp. for 4 days) on the hepatic clearance of indocyanine green(ICG) as a model compound of organic anionic drugs was investigated in rats in order to elucidate the relative contributions of change in the hepatic blood flow versus increase in the hepatic intrinsic activity to remove ICG due to PB pretreatment. ICG(1mg/kg) was injected single bolus via femoral or portal vein to the control and the PB-pretreated rats. The initial hepatic uptake clearance obtained from plasma concentration-time data was increased by in the PB-pretreated rats, which may be due to the increased hepatic blood flow by PB pretreatment. Using a pharmacokinetic approach, hepatic blood flows were estimated of 67.5ml/min/kg in control rats and 91.9ml/min/kg in PB-pretreated rats. They were in good agreement with other's blood flow estimates observed experimentally. It may be concluded that the increased initial hepatic uptake clearance of ICG was due to the increased hepatic blood flow with phenobarbital, and that the increased hepatic blood flow and the activated hepatic intrinsic clearance with phenobarbital contributed to of the increased systemic clearance of ICG, respectively.

Biphenyl Dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) has been regarded as a safe, effective drug for decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from elevated serum aminotransferase levels, which cause acute or chronic hepatitis and chronic liver diseases. This study was designed to low dose(22.5mg/day) & short-term therapy effectiveness for 4 weeks of DDB in 30 chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferases. The following results were observed. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels significantly decresed from 173. of pretreatment level to after treatment for 4 weeks(p<0.00l) and normalized patients by 2. Serum aspartate (AST) aminotransferase levels significantly decreased from of pretreatment level to after treatment(p0<0.01). 3. However, no significant effects in the serum AST & ALT changes by which cause hepatitis and hepatitis duration (p>0.05). 4. No significant adverse effects were observed except for mild epigastric discomfort in one patient during DDB treatment It is suggested that DDB small dosage administration can result effectively decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferase levels.

For prevention of hospital infection, selection of adequate disinfectants by clinical pharmacist is very important role in hospital pharmacy and for performing this role, pharmaceutical, chemical and microbial knowledge of disinfectants and nosocomial microorganism are required to hospital pharmacists. Therefore, to make sure of guideline for choice of disinfectants, author clarifies the distinctive character of disinfectants which are supplied to clinical departments and wards from hospiatal pharmacy in Korea and arrange the specific attention for use of each disinfectants

A new cephalosporin derivate, cefazolin phthalidyl ester(CFZ-PT) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin(CFZ). Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-PR is more lipophilic than CFZ. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of CFZ-PT and CFZ preparations were compared following oral administrations of these compounds to rabbits. The analysis of CFZ in plasma was conducted by HPLC method. The ester compound was not detected in plasma following oral administration of CFZ-PT was increased by yielding 3.5-fold bioavailability rather than CFZ. From the results of this experiment, it was concluded that CFZ-PT could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the oral bioavailability of CFZ.

The antipyretic effect of Sibsin-Tang in rabbits by injected typhoid vaccine was studied. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Maximum temperature was after 60-240 minutes by injected typhoid vaccine. 2. Sibsin-Tang did not make normal temperature low but aminopyrine made normal temperature low in rabbits. 3. Increased temperature by typhoid vaccine was decreased by administration of Sibsin-Tang at 150 minutes. 4. Pretreated Sibsin-Tang did not affect on increased temperature by typhoid vaccine. 5. Propranolol did not affect on increased temperature by typhoid vaccine.

Bioequivalence(BE) test of commercially available sustained release tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride(DTZ) was performed to give some guidelines to BE test in korea in case of which drugs with low oral bioavaiiability(BA) due to substantial first-pass hepatic loss form pharmacologically active metabolites. In such cases, the pharmacologic activity after oral administration is greater than anticipated from BA data, based on chemical assay of drug alone. Therefore, this paper explores the use and meaning of area under the plasma concentration-time(AUC) data of parent and its metabolites to access BA if sustained release tablets. Normal healthy male volunteers(n=14) were randomly divided into 2 groups, and sustained release reference and test tablets of DTZ-30mg were given orally by balanced two-period cross-over dosing schedule. The plasma concentration of DTZ and and its active metabolite, desacetyldiitiazem(DAD), were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and, obtained. Analysis of varlance(ANOVA) showed that passed the standard of BE test of korea, but was not satisfied from the standpoint of power. On the other hand, may be more avaliable than from the standpoint of statistics and pharmacologic equivalence.

The use of drug or substance for altering consciousness among adolescence is a practice in modern society, especially in Korea. The choice and pattern of use are strongly influenced by the user6s personality and expectations. The goverment and society institute must be declared the emergency of Drug abuse, for the purpose of protecting adolescence from pscychotropic agents.