Earticle

Most sensors are affected by temperature, so they are tested in advance and used for temperature compensation. However, sensor affected by the temperature hysteresis is not compensated. This is because even if compensation is made in the form of a general n-th polynomial, the effect of hysteresis remains the same. In this paper, a method of compensating accelerometer biases with hysteresis using a new parameter C was studied. This technique goes beyond finding the appropriate variable for compensation and is a method of creating the parameter itself with a combination of new variables. As a result, most errors could be eliminated.

본 논문에서는 W-대역 저잡음증폭기의 온도에 따른 이득 변동을 경감시킬 수 있는 온도보상회로를 기술하였다. 제안된 캐스코드 온도보상 바이어스회로는 공통-소스 저잡음증폭기의 게이트 바이어스를 자동으로 조절하여 소신호 이 득의 변화를 억제한다. 설계된 회로는 100-nm GaAs pHEMT 공정 디자인킷으로 구현되었다. 제안된 바이어스 회로를 적용한 W-대역 저잡음증폭기의 시뮬레이션 이득값은 –35~71°C 범위에서 20 dB 이상, ±0.8 dB 내의 변동값을 보였 다. 본 논문에서 제시한 회로는 레이더용 밀리미터파 수신기에 적용되어 안정적인 성능을 낼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In this paper, a temperature compensation circuit is presented in order to mitigate gain variability due to temperature in the W-band low-noise amplifier (LNA). The proposed cascode temperature compensation bias circuit automatically controls gate bias voltages of the common-source LNA in order to suppress variations of small-signal gain. The designed circuit was realized in a 100-nm GaAs pHEMT process. The simulated voltage gain of W-band LNA including the proposed bias circuit is >20 dB with gain variability less than ±0.8 dB in the range of temperatures between –35 to 71°C. We expect that the proposed circuit contributes to millimeter-wave receivers for stable performances in radar applications.

The combination of ampere-hour method and open-circuit voltage method in the photovoltaic measurement system is studied in this paper. In order to achieve the purpose of online measurement for remaining capacity, the influence of internal battery discharge and temperature on the battery capacity should be considered. The battery capacity decreases by the increasing charging times, and the increasing terminal voltage difference causes the inaccurate measurement of the capacity of battery. In this paper, two experimental measurement methods are employed, which are complementary to each other, to make the system measurement more accurate and extend the life of lead-acid batteries. If the charging process of photovoltaic system is unstable, an optimization of lead-acid battery applications in photovoltaic energy storage system is explored at the same time. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed measuring method.

본 논문에서는 혈압과 광용적맥파, 국부피부온도변화에 따른 심혈관 파라메터의 통계적 변화와 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 국부피부온도변화는 Finometer의 혈압, 광용적맥파 그리고 총말초저항에 영향을 주었고 오실로메트릭 혈압, 심박수, 심박출량에는 영향을 주지 않는 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 온도변화가 있는 환경에서 에러를 줄이기 위해 심혈관계의 상태를 광용적맥파로 평가하기위해서는 온도를 제어하거나 보상해 주어야 한다.

This study aims to investigate statistical variations and relationships of blood pressure (BP), phtotplethysmography (PPG) and cardiovascular parameters on changes in local skin surface temperature (SST) during gradual cooling and heating. Results showed that local SST changes affected the Finometer BP, the PPG waveforms and total peripheral resistance, but not oscillometric BP, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Therefore, in order to reduce for the errors, temperatures should be controlled or compensated when components of the PPG waveform are used to evaluate cardiovascular status in temperature variation environments.

This study proposes a temperature compensation method of the complex permittivities of biological tissues and organs. The method is based on the temperature dependence of the Debye model of water, which has been thoroughly investigated. This method was applied to measured data at room temperature for whole blood, kidney cortex, bile, liver, and heart muscle. It is shown that our method can compensate for the Cole-Cole model using measured data at 20 $^{\circ}C$, given the Cole-Cole model based on measured data at 35 $^{\circ}C$, with a root-mean-squared deviation of 3~11 % and 2~6 % for the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities, respectively, among the measured tissues.

Temperature Compensation Method of Local Dimming LED Backlight System is proposed. The luminance levels of the LED backlight are not stable over temperature and time due to the inherent characteristics of the LED. The characteristics of LED backlight are investigated and a temperature compensation method is presented. The image distortion caused by temperature variation of LED block can be effectively compensated by the proposed temperature compensation method.

피복이 없는 FBG센서는 내구성이 매우 약하기 때문에 FBG센서 주위의 피복이 없이는, 많은 변수가 존재하는 실제 자연환경에서의 정확한 데이터수집이 어렵다. Steel sleeve packaged FBG 변형률 센서는 토목공학에서 널리 사용되고 있는 센서 중 하나이다. 변형률과 온도가 동시에 측정되는 FBG센서의 도입 이후로, 변형률과 온도의 정확한 보정은 필수적인 과정이 되었다. 이 논문에서는 FBG의 변형률과 온도의 측정 원리에 기초하여 steel sleeve packaged FBG센서의 온도보정 기술을 도출하였다. 그리고 두개의 FBG센서를 이용한 콘크리트 초기재령의 건조수축 실험을 통해 온도보정의 실행 가능성을 확인하였다.

As bare Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are very fragile, bare FBG without encapsulation is not properly applied in practical infrastructures directly due to the harsh environment in practical engineering. Steel sleeve packaged FBG strain sensor is widely used in civil engineering. Since FBG senses both strain and temperature simultaneously, for accurate measurement of strain, temperature compensation for FBG strain sensors is indispensable. In this paper, based on the FBG's strain and temperature sensing principles, the temperature compensation techniques for steel sleeve packaged FBG sensors are brought forward. And the experiment of concrete early-age shrinkage monitoring by dual FBG sensors is carried out to test the feasibility of the temperature compensation technique.

Brillouin scattering-based fiber optic sensors are useful to measure strain or temperature in a distributed manner. Since the Brillouin frequency of an optical fiber depends on both the strain and temperature, it is very important to know whether the Brillouin frequency shift is caused by the strain change or temperature change. This article presents a temperature compensation technique of a Brillouin scattering-based fiber optic strain sensor. Both the changes of the Brillouin frequency and the Brillouin gain power is observed for the temperature compensation using a BOTDA sensor system. Experimental results showed that the temperature compensated strain values were highly consistent with actual strain values.

In order to do continuous health monitoring of large structures, it is necessary that the distributed sensing of strain and temperature of the structures be measured. So, we present the temperature compensation of a signal from a fiber optic BOTDA (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis) sensor. A fiber optic BOTDA sensor has good performance of strain measurement. However, the signal of a fiber optic BOTDA sensor is influenced by strain and temperature. Therefore, we applied an optical fiber on the beam as follows: one part of the fiber, which is sensitive to the strain and the temperature, is bonded on the surface of the beam and another part of the fiber, which is only sensitive to the temperature, is located nearby the strain sensing fiber. Therefore, the strains can be determined from the strain sensing fiber while compensating for the temperature from the temperature sensing fiber. These measured strains were compared with the strains from electrical strain gages. After temperature compensation, it was concluded that the strains from the fiber optic BOTDA sensor had good coincidence with those values of the conventional electrical strain gages.

We present a simple design rule for a passive temperature-compensating optical package. We also present experimentally that a package fabricated by using the design rule compensates the temperature dependence of the resonant wavelength of an optical long period fiber grating by varying the strain inside the fiber, The package fabricated in this work consists of two pieced of brass tube, 10 mm long, and a piece of nylon rod, 45.4 mm long. It is shown that the package can compensate the temperature-induce wavelength shifts of the long period grating to a range of 6.8 pm/$^{\circ}C$, compared with 0..48 nm/$^{\circ}C$ for an uncompensated grating. The reduced strength of the fiber caused by exposure to ultraviolet limits the performance of the package to the range operating temperature form -3 $^{\circ}C$ to 7$0^{\circ}C$.

In this paper, an X-Y channel dimming light emitting diode (LED) backlight with temperature compensation for in LCD TVs is proposed. It shows local dimming effects such as reduced power consumption and high dynamic contrast ratio even with much less number of LED drivers than that of the conventional two-dimensional local dimming method. Moreover, the image distortion caused by temperature variation of LED block can be effectively compensated. The validity of the proposed dimming method is verified by simulation and experimental results based on a RGB-LED backlight of a 32-inch LCD TV.

This letter presents a high performance 2.4 GHz two-stage power amplifier (PA) operating in the temperature range from $-30^{\circ}C$ to $+85^{\circ}C$ for IEEE 802.11g, wireless local area network application. It is implemented in InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor technology and has a bias circuit employing a temperature compensation technique for error vector magnitude (EVM) performance. The technique uses a resistor made with a base layer of HBT. The design improves EVM performance in cold temperatures by increasing current. The implemented PA has a dynamic EVM of less than 4%, a gain of over 26 dB, and a current less than 130 mA below the output power of 19 dBm across the temperature range from $-30^{\circ}C$ to $+85^{\circ}C$.

Photovoltaic System does military exploit that use heliometer light and is clearness source of energy. Photovoltatic System is no noise, shock among is several Substitute energy and after establishment maintenance having simple special quality, is applied in many fields. However, while Photovoltatic System is having these advantage, but react sensitively in effect of Photovoltaic scanning Quantity, temperature change etc.. surrounding environment, when did not satisfy condition, express indefinite output price. Consider voltage$\cdot$current output measurement value and temperature revision calculation by temperature change of existing photovoltaic system and change of output price of when did Simulation analyzed comparison.

In this paper, a low-power 2.4 GHz front-end for sensor network application (IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN) is designed in a 0.18 um CMOS process. A power supply circuit with a novel temperature-compensation scheme is presented. The simulation and measurement results show that the front-end (LNA, Mixer) can achieve a voltage gain of 35.3 dB and a noise figure(NF) of 3.1 dB while consuming 5.04 mW (LNA: 2.16 mW, Mixer: 2.88 mW) of power at $27^{\circ}C$. The NF includes the loss of BALUN and BPF. The low-IF architecture is used. The voltage gain, noise figure and third-order intercept point (IIP3) variations over -45$^{\circ}C$ to 85$^{\circ}C$ are less than 0.2 dB, 0.25 dB and 1.5 dB, respectively.

Importance of separation of a nonlinear dynamical system into nonlinear static part and linear dynamical part was insisted in designing a controller for the nonlinear system. We further proposed compensation techniques for oscillation of controlled variables caused by system time delay and compensation of steady state errors caused by modelling errors of the systems. The proposed principle of designing procedure and the compensation methods were discussed by applying them for temperature and level control of an actual tanked water system.

A new method for temperature compensation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) using hi-metal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Bi-metal bends toward the metal of low temperature expansion coefficient as the temperature increases, and this property is utilized to cancel the thermo-optic effect of the fiber. The optimum thickness of the high coefficient metal was empirically found by the trial-and-error method. The temperature sensitivities were 8.1 pm/$^{\circ}C$ and -0.018 pm/$^{\circ}C$ for the uncompensated and compensated FBGs, respectively, which indicates a reduction to a mere 0.22 % of the original sensitivity. No appreciable change in the spectral shape was observed. The packaging technique described in this paper is simple and compact, and it can be used for FBGs in WDM and DWDM communication systems that have stringent requirements on the temperature stability of the components.

In this study, we propose an adaptive compensation method for the temperature dependence of RF transformer isolation and present results of preliminary experiments. First of all, we examine the isolation temperature dependence of an RF transformer designed as a splitter, by means of both an electromagnetic simulation technique and experiments, to show the significance of the present issue. Then, we discuss the nature of a transformer core so as to obtain the most desirable isolation characteristics against a temperature change. Finally, in order to adaptively compensate for the isolation variation due to temperature, we propose a bias current superimposed on the RF signal, where the current amplitude is adjusted according to temperature change, and demonstrate the results of preliminary experiments conducted at a fixed temperature, but with different bias currents, indicating the validity of the proposed method.