Earticle

This study is about the criticism, which involves swearing, disagreement, challenge and teasing among close friends. And this paper focuses on gender differences of criticism. At first, my analysis shows that participants express more criticisms when they talk with opposite gender friend than when they talk with same gender friend. The result suggests that speaker can be more defiant attitude toward opposite gender friend. Secondly, the expressions of criticism are classified into 6 types, which are (1) interrogate, (2) confirmation, (3) comment & describe, (4) negative assessment, (5) deny, negate& opposite and (6) negative feelings. My analysis shows that the type (3) comment & describe was used about 44% in the case of men. On the other hand, women use all types equally and use interrogative sentences and confirmation more than men.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify gender differences associated with weight related teasing by parents, and development of anti-fat attitudes among Korean children aged 5 to 7 years. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. Questionnaire interviews were conducted by enrolling 222 healthy children having normal development and living with their parents in South Korea. Results: Results showed gender and parental weight-related teasing was significantly associated with anti-fat attitudes among children. Significance of the association between parental weight-related teasing and anti-fat attitudes among kindergarten children differed according to the child’s gender. Among girls, the higher level of parental weight-related teasing was associated with greater anti-fat attitude. However, parental weight-related teasing was not associated with increased anti-fat attitude among boys. Conclusion: Considering our study results, we recommend developing programs aimed towards decreasing teasing in the family environment, such as changing the gender-specific weight norms to prevent anti-fat attitudes in Korean girls.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the factors influencing teasing among adolescents, focusing on its associations with self-esteem, moral sensitivity, and relationship satisfaction with parents and peers. The goal is to provide insights that can support the development of interventions to reduce the incidence and adverse effects of teasing within school settings, ultimately fostering a safer and more inclusive school environment for all students. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the Child-Adolescent Teasing Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Moral Sensitivity Scale, and relationship satisfaction assessments. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence of teasing and its association with key psychosocial factors. Participants were recruited from multiple middle schools, representing a diverse adolescent population. The data were collected through self-reported surveys, ensuring confidentiality to encourage honest responses. Results: The study found a significant correlation among teasing, self-esteem, and moral sensitivity. Higher teasing levels were linked to increased moral sensitivity and lower self-esteem, alongside less satisfaction in adolescents' relationships with parents and peers. Teasing prevalence was observed across gender and age groups, suggesting its widespread nature and relevance. These findings are crucial for school education and health professionals to develop targeted interventions to reduce teasing and its adverse outcomes. Understanding these dynamics enables educators and policymakers to address adolescent teasing, contributing to healthier school environments. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of school psychological perspectives in adolescent health, highlighting the need for proactive, evidence-based strategies in school health interventions and policies. Such strategies should address the social and emotional development of adolescents, equipping them with skills to build positive peer relationships and constructively manage conflicts.

본 연구에서는 신체 놀림에 대한 지각, 신체비교, 신체에 대한 감시, 신체에 대한 왜곡이 성형 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 여대생 217명을 대상으로 각 변인들에 대한 척도에 응답하게 한 후 변인들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 경로 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 7개의 경로 모두 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며, 네 변인 모두 성형 의도에 직접, 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 성형 의도에 영향을 미치는 변인들에 대해 보다 통합적으로 이해할 수 있는 틀을 제공하고 있다.

This study examined the effects of the perception of teasing, physical comparison, body surveillance, and body distortion on the intention of plastic surgery. Participants were recruited from the class in the University in Seoul, and 217 women responded the questionnaires. As a result of path analysis, (a) all 7 paths were significant (b) all four variables affect the intention of plastic surgery directly or indirectly. and (c) body distortion was the most direct and critical predictor on the intention of plastic surgery. Theses results showed the integrative combined model of variables related to the intention of plastic surgery.

연구목적 이 연구는 일반 공격성 모형 접근방식을 응용한 가운데, 소셜미디어 내 외모지상주의 언어폭력인 응징성 외모 조롱 발언을 비교적 정당화하는 집단을 식별하고 그 집단의 정신건강 양태와 인구학적 특성은 어떤지를 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 연구방법 전국 성인 남녀를 모집단으로 삼아 온라인 설문조사 데이터를 모았고(N = 1,218), SPSS를 통해 회귀분석 ⋅ 군집분석 ⋅ 변량분석 등을 수행했다. 연구결과 공중 세분화를 위해, 소셜미디어 내 ‘유명인 대상’ 응징성 외모 조롱 발언 정당화 요인들(일반 공격성 모형 접근 심리 요인: 오락 충동성, 환경 요인: 외모 평가 기반 앱 사용 빈도, 외모지상주의 풍토)의 유의미성과 상대적 영향력이확인됐다. 이들 요인에 따라 공중은 세 집단(외모 중심 소셜미디어 중독취약형, 조직 외모지상주의 피로형, 외모 탈중심 관찰형)으로 나뉘었다. 세 집단 중 ‘외모 중심 소셜미디어 중독취약형’이 일반인에 대해서도 응징성 외모 조롱발언을 정당화 할 가능성이 높았다. 소셜미디어 내 외모지상주의 문제의식은 비교적 강했지만, 자기 외모를 많이비하하고, 평소 우울과 불안 역시 자주 겪는 편이었다. 각 공중 분포는 연령대⋅최종학력별로 차이를 보였다. 결론 및 함의 젊은층, 중간 이상 학력층 중 ‘외모 중심 소셜미디어 중독취약형’ 공중 대상 관심과 개입이 미디어 교육과정신건강 관리 차원에서 특히 강조될 필요가 있다.

Objectives To identify public segments that are more likely to justify retributive appearance teasing or bashing comments on social media, a form of lookism-driven verbal aggression, and explore their mental health and demographic patterns. Methods An online survey of 1,218 adults (ages 19-75) was analyzed using regression, cluster, and variance analyses in SPSS. Results The analysis applying the General Aggression Model (GAM) approach identified the following factors for segmenting the public based on justification of retributive appearance teasing or bashing comments targeting celebrities on social media: psychological factor (recreational impulsivity) and environmental factors (frequency of appearance app usage, appearance-centric cultural climate). Based on these factors, the public was classified into three groups: an appearance-focused social media addiction-prone group, an organizational appearance-fatigued group, and a non-appearance-focused observer group. Among these, the appearance-focused social media addiction-prone group was more likely to justify such teasing toward both celebrities and ordinary individuals. Although this group showed strong recognition of appearance-related pressure on social media, it also reported higher levels of appearance-related self-derogation, depression, and anxiety. Analysis revealed significant distribution differences in these segmented groups by age and education level. Conclusions There is a pressing need for media education and mental health management campaigns that focus on the “appearance-focused social media addiction-prone group” among younger individuals and those with moderate to high education levels.

This study examines the interactional dynamics revealed through teasing humor in the context of a startup business meeting. Using a quasi-conversation analytic approach to details of talk, as well as ethnographic information concerning the community of practice, this study aims to illuminate the construction of professional identities shown in members' participation in teasing humor. The dataset consists of three video-recorded weekly business meetings of a startup (210 minutes) and a supplementary interview and observation notes. The analyses show that, in this business context, the members' identities (e.g., the CEO, the co-founders versus non-co-founders) were revealed in the dynamics of participation in teasing humor. Teasing humor was also found to contribute to finding creative solutions to challenging issues under discussion. The non-co-founders, in particular, found opportunities to participate in the major business discourse through this teasing. By participating in the teasing segments, they were able to present themselves as legitimate members of the startup. The findings are discussed to highlight the sociolinguistic norms of a professional community in creating a constructive business culture.

Ryoo, Hye-Kyung. 2010. Teasing as an interactional resource for humor and identity construction in language learner interactions. Discourse and Cognition 17.1, 21-44. This paper describes the process of identity construction of the nonnative speaker learners of English through teasing. The study is based on a close examination of the talk-in-interaction in learner-learner small group discussion activities. The analysis of sequentially developing turns of talk in teasing action revealed that the learners enacted their nonnative speaker identity as an interactional resource in collaboratively constructing teasing actions. It was found that the learners' teasing each other on their second language difficulties played a role of making otherwise stressful second language use situations a relaxing and friendly environment through evoking a playful situational frame. Based on the findings, this paper argues for the positive role of teasing for the language learners to attend to their language mistakes and errors in a less stressful environment. (Daegu University)

本文以《世說新語》<排調>篇爲硏究對象，探討了魏晉名士嘲弄諧謔的言語遊戲-排調的結構特色和意義。 首先，考察了魏晉時期排調興盛的背景：魏晉時期個人的覺醒與淸談的風潮是當時很明顯的時代特征，前者強調自我肯定；後者呈現人自身的藝術化傾向並重視相互攻防的言語遊戲的才能。 其次，探討了排調的對象和方法以及目的，由此闡明了排調的結構特色。從排調的對象來看，排調的對象多集中在人的負面上，它包括人在容貌和態度上的缺陷、學識的不足以及對處世態度的不滿等。這些排調的對象反映了魏晉時期的社會風潮與魏晉名士的價値觀。再次，由排調的展開方式而看，排調是嘲弄諧謔的言語遊戲。排調言語的發生，當屬有豫設、有目的之言語活動，即在原本不成問題的情況下去製造問題、引發爭端。儘管如此，排調在進行過程中，始終保持著輕鬆詼諧的氣氛，於嘲弄和應酬中發揮機智，以遊戲的態度相互攻防。對於話者和聽者而言，都是一種愉悅的體驗，所以“撫掌大笑”是排調告一段落時的普遍反應。從排調言語的修辭技法而言，是以譬喩、用典、反語、異義同音語等手法.來應和排調的藝術性。經過這些藝術表現手法的潤色與包裝，一切問題爭端遂得以在諧謔的氣氛中得以解決。就排調的目的而言，排調的話者面對人生中的負面部分，並不將其視爲缺點，反而把它們當作有趣的對象來鑑賞，並且藝術性地運用修辭技法，把其中諧謔的美感傳達出來，享受審美性言語活動所演出的諧謔的、愉悅的氣氛。這就是排調的目的。在嘲弄與應酬中將人生的負面轉化爲審美對象，同時在引發爭端的過程中運用修辭技法使言語遊戲變得更巧妙，由此達到享受諧謔的愉悅目的。這就是嘲弄諧謔的言語遊戲--排調的結構特色。 排調的意義不僅在於展現魏晉名士嘲弄諧謔的言語遊戲現場及其結構特色，有品位的嘲弄和應對的態度也給用粗鄙的方式相互攻防的現代人很大的啟示。

본 연구는 국내 청소년을 대상으로, 타인의 웃음을 비웃음으로 지각하고 두려워하는 웃음공포증(gelotophobia)이라는 새로운 변인을 소개하고 이의 개념적 이해를 돕고자 시도한 탐색적 연구이다. 이를 위해 서울 지역 중·고등학생 611명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 전체 청소년의 15.7%(96명)가 웃음공포증이 있는 것으로 분류되었으며, 웃음공포증에 성차는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 웃음공포증이 있는 청소년은 그렇지 않은 청소년에 비해 반응적 공격성이 높았고, 사회적으로 위축되었으며, 삶에 대한 만족도가 낮았다. 구조방정식 모형 분석 결과, 청소년의 놀림당한 경험은 웃음공포증을 유의하게 예측하였고, 수치심이 놀림당한 경험과 웃음공포증 간의 관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 웃음공포증을 줄이기 위한 효과적 개입에 대해 논하였다.

The aim of the present study was to empirically examine newly introduced variable called gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) and its core assumptions among Korean adolescents. Self-report data of 611 middle/high school students in Seoul were analyzed. The results indicated that 96 students were classified as gelotophobes (15.7%) and there were no gender differences in the level of gelotophobia. Gelotophobes, compared to non-gelotophobes, had higher levels of reactive aggression and social withdrawal, along with lower level of life satisfaction. Structural Equation Modeling yielded that teasing experience predicted gelotophobia, and the relationship between teasing experience and gelotophobia was partially mediated by shame. Implications of these findings and effective strategies to reduce gelotophobia are discussed.

This dissertation is to study the music feature showed in the Traditional children’s song by analysing ‘Teasing song’ musically. ‘Teasing song’ is the verse amusement song by children while teasing others. Children see the differences simply with their eyes and tease others, which is children’s teasing. ‘Teasing song’ is very precious because children sang and played with this song made by themselves in their lives ,and it contains children’s mentality and features without exaggeration. In this dissertation, these songs are classified and analysed into three songs in the children’s point of view; The first, teasing other chidren’s appearances and their bodies. The second, teasing other children’s actions. The third, teasing other children’s features.The result of the analysis is ‘Teasing song’ reflects the rhythm of children’s body movement, which has the form making one rhythm with two so-bak and 4 beats. The melody has the downward melody structure with two tones of ‘La-Sol’ or three tones of ‘La-Sol-Mi’. And there are many songs with rhythm only too. ‘Teasing song’ seems to have no special features with simple 4 beats musically, but the important core is visible making this song interesting in the musical structure. This song has two structures in the whole songs;One has the even rhythm structure with stable balance.The other has the odd rhythm structure with unbalanced change. The changes in the number of rhythms in the musical structure induce some unbalanced feelings while singing, and have the function to sing repeatedly like children’s song. Singing short songs repeatedly doesn’t feel boring because of this ,and this is the key factor to give changes and fun to the music.‘Teasing dong’ shows children express their lives positively in song and represent their feelings freely. So the feature giving amusement in the musical factor of children’s song was visible.