Earticle

기업들은 내·외부적으로 발생하는 복잡한 문제나 이슈들을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 프로젝트를 만든다. 기업들이 수행하는 프로젝트의 경우 규모나 성격 등이 매우 다양하며, 일회성이며 기존에 수행하지 않았던 새롭고 독특한 업무를 수행함으로 인해 그 결과의 불확실성이 높다는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하고자 기업들은 프로젝트 수행시 자체인력 외에 외부의 경험 있는 전문기관(컨설팅, SI 업체 등)을 활용하기도 한다. 프로젝트는 일회성과 독특성이라는 특성을 가지므로, 프로젝트 초기 그 목적이나 업무의 성격, 그리고 향후 발생할 수 있는 리스크 등을 충분히 고려하여 적절한 수행체계를 만드는 것이 중요하다. 또한 프로젝트 진행 과정에서 변화되는 내·외부의 상황에 대응할 수 있는 유연성을 가지는 것도 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 컨설팅과 시스템 개발이 동시에 진행된 대형 프로젝트 조직 구성 사례를 통해 프로젝트의 특성에 따른 수행조직 구성이 필요하며, 적절한 전문 인력의 배치와 참여인력들에 대한 현실적인 역할과 책임의 부여가 중요함을 보여주고 있다.

Projects are initiated to solve the problem of internal or external problem. Way of doing the project are internal employee or external professional organization. Projects are transient and unique process that do not use existing organization, so the high uncertainty of the result of project. Many companies use external professional organization that experienced similar project for reduce the risk. As companies use external professional organization, external professional organization have been gain various experience. Because the nature of the project are various, organization should consider the risks and adaptability to the environmental changes in progress. This research show the importance of organization by the nature of project through big project case.

A lack of a blueprint for digital transformation often precipitates firms to make ad hoc or short-term system development decisions. Digital debt refers to the build-up of technical and informational obligations related to business maintenance and evolvability that represent performance risks in a firm’s work processes, which may result in system failures and maintenance costs. Despite its significant impacts on business maintenance and evolvability, little is currently known about the mechanisms through which it is accrued. Using a case study of a software vendor who has served over a hundred client firms, this research develops and presents a theoretical framework of the accrual process of digital debt. Each of the stages results in a different form of digital debt that reinforces each other over time to form a vicious cycle.

Recently, bottom-up information systems (BUIS), developed according to the requirements of individual user departments, have become popular. However, effective management of BUIS projects is not enough, with many organizations having experienced integration challenges with such individual projects. BUIS projects are relatively small and limited in scope, as opposed to the large, complex systems developed through traditional top-down information system development projects. Due to these differences in characteristics, the control modes as well as the aspects to improve development performance in each type of project are also different. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the results of prior research on control in system development projects to improve BUIS project performance. The purpose of this study is to derive a new theory of control to improve BUIS project performance. The results contribute to the improvement of firm performance through effective control of BUIS projects in modern enterprises.

정보 매체로서 자리잡은 인터넷은 초고속정보통신망을 통한 종합정보통신망이 된다는 것은 이제 기정 사실이 되었다. 교육 분야에서도 많은 변화를 가져왔고, 점차 가르치는 교수중심에서 배우는 학습자 중심으로 변모해가고 있으며 전통적인 교실에서의 수업보다도 공간과 거리감에 구애를 받지 않는 가상공간(cyberspace)이라는 인터넷을 통하여 가상대학(cyber university)을 설립하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 급속히 변화되는 교육환경에서 교육정보서비스의 개선과 사용자중심의 디자인을 제공하기 위한 방법으로서 WDS (Web Identity Development System)을 적용한 웹사이트디자인을 개발하였다. 그리하여 WDS 적용한 웹사이트 개발 모델를 통하여 가상공간에서 보다 개선된 홈페이지디자인 개발을 위한 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

It has been a well known fact that the Internet as a information media has became a obvious ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Networks) through ultra speed information networks. Internet has mads a great change in educational fields. The educational systems are being changed into a learner central figure from the professor central one and cyber universities regardless of space and distance have appeared though the Internet. Accordingly in this paper, we present the web site of UC(Ulsan College) applied to WIDS(Web Identity Development System) to supply the enhancement of information services and the interface design of user's convenience in rapid changing educational environment. We suggest the more enhanced methodology of web site development in cyber space through the case of UC web site development.

This paper designed and developed internet based competency developing system for small IT (Information & Technology) companies. The purpose of this system was to provide career development opportunities to small IT business workers for their longstanding employment and self-improvement job skills. This study analyzed job competencies based on job descriptions from two IT companies. The survey was conducted to analyze employees' self-assessed current job competency level and effective ways of improving their current level of competencies. From the results of survey, most of subjects indicated their job competencies were in between mid-level to low level, and they required the need of training programs to improve their job knowledge and experience. Based on the interview from field experts about job competency development, this study designed and developed the internet based competency development system to provide effective and efficient way of improving job competencies and needed training programs for small IT business employees.

본 논문은 비행 정보 등 각종 운항 자료를 보다 다양하게 분석하고, 좀더 쉽게 이해하기 위하여 시각적으로 구현할 수 있는 비행정보 분석시스템 개발에 대한 개념 설계서이다. 비행이 완료된 후, 항공기에 탑재된 비행 데이터 저장 장치(QAR, Quick Access Recorder)로부터 비행 및 관련 시스템 데이터를 추출한 후, 이 데이터를 변환한다. 또한 변환된 데이터를 이용하여 각종 비행 및 시스템 정보 분석과 운항 궤적 및 ND, PFD 등 조종실 내 운항 시스템들의 상황을 운항 시와 동일하게 3차원 그래픽으로 재현하는 시스템을 구축하였다. 이는 시스템 분석 및 안전, 표준 운항 체계 구축에 도움을 줄 수 있으며 유사 관련 분야로의 확대도 가능하다.

A system for evaluating streamflow data (KORSAS) was developed, and is operated using PC based Windows to help the hydrological observation practitioner's working in Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO). This system has modules including; DB access and data management, flow measurement arranging, H-Q relation deriving, area rainfall calculating, flow calculating, and flow evaluating modules. Evaluation of observed streamflow is accomplished through the following processes. First, hourly streamflow data is calculated from water level data stored in a DB server by applying the rating relationship between water level and flow rates derived from the past flow measurements. Second, hourly areal rainfal data is calculated from point data stored in the DB server by applying Thiessen networks. Third, hydrographs are displayed on a daily, weekly, monthly, or seasonal duration basis, and are compared to hydrographs of reservoir inflow, hydrographs at water level observation stations and hydrographs derived from simulated results using models.

South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies-capitalism and socialism-, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea's city planning system by comparing the two Koreas' systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea's city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea's. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea's city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea's development.

It is widely recognized that increasing the accuracy and diversity of rotating machinery necessitates an appropriate diagnostic technique and maintenance system. Until now, operators have monitored machinery using their senses or by analyzing simple changes to root mean square output values. We developed an expert diagnostic system that uses fuzzy inference to expertly assess the condition of a machine and allow operators to make accurate judgments. This paper describes the hardware and software of the expert diagnostic system. An assessment of the diagnostic performance for five fault phenomena typically found in pumps is also described.

This paper proposes an algorithm that automatically converts images into Pipo, painting images using OpenCV-based image processing technology. The existing "purity," "palm," "puzzling," and "painting," or Pipo, painting image production method relies on manual work, so customized production has the disadvantage of coming with a high price and a long production period. To resolve this problem, using the OpenCV library, we developed a technique that automatically converts an image into a Pipo painting image by designing a module that changes an image, like a picture; draws a line based on a sector boundary; and writes sector numbers inside the line. Through this, it is expected that the production cost of customized Pipo painting images will be lowered and that the production period will be shortened.

국제적으로 기후변화에 대한 대응 및 생물다양성 증진 방안이 대두되면서 국내 정부 및 공공기관에서는 수변구역 등 법정 보호지역 내 생태계를 보전하고 수질개선을 위해 사유지를 매수하여 보전·복원사업을 추진하고 있으나, 매수시스템 체계가 미흡하여 다양한 문제점을 초래하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 동강유역 생태·경관보전지역을 중심으로 생태성 평가를 통한 효율적이고 체계적인 토지매수시스템을 개발하였다. 생태성 평가는 필지단위의 평가와 권역별 평가를 통합하여 생태성 평가모형을 개발하고, 생태기능 종합등급을 설정함과 동시에 현장검증을 통해 최종 등급화 하였다. 88필지의 매수토지에 대해 검증한 결과, 85.2%이상의 비교적 높은 일치성을 보였으며 불일치한 필지는 생태성 평가와 현장검증시 계절의 차이로 식생 고사, 경작물 수확 등 영향이 있었던 것으로 나타났다. 매수시스템은 멸종위기종과 핵심생태계에서의 거리를 기준으로 생태성 평가등급에 따라 1순위에서 9순위까지 순위를 선정하였으며, 동강유역 거운리, 문산리, 덕천리, 운치리, 귤암리, 가수리의 사유지를 대상으로 총 68필지에 대해 현장 검증 결과, 5순위까지 매수 우선순위가 체계적으로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 생태평가에 기반한 체계적인 토지매수시스템을 구축 및 제안함으로써 향후 보호지역 내 매수토지의 보전과 복원 및 생태적 관리에 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

With the increasing attention of the international community on climate change and biodiversity promotion programmes, the Korean government and public agencies are trying to protect and restore the ecosystem of areas protected by law, such as waterfronts, by acquiring private land. However, the inadequate purchase system has caused various problems. In this study, an efficient and systematic land purchase system was developed through ecological evaluation, focusing on the ecological and landscape conservation areas of the Donggang basin. The ecological evaluation was developed by integrating parcel-level evaluation and regional-specific evaluation, and the overall level of ecological function was established and finalized through on-site verification. As a result of verifying the purchase land of 88 parcels, it showed a relatively high agreement of more than 85.2%, and the rest of parcels (non-agreement) were considered to have had an impact on vegetation, crop harvesting, etc. due to seasonal differences in ecological evaluation and field verification. The purchasing system was ranked according to the ecological evaluation grade based on the endangered species and the distance from the core ecosystem. As a result, the purchase priority was systematically drawn up to the 5th rank for a total of 68 parcels for the private lands of Geoeun-ri, Munsan-ri, Deokcheon-ri, Unchi-ri, Gumam-ri, and Suji-ri. This study is expected to contribute to the preservation, restoration and ecological management of purchased land in the protected area in the future by establishing and proposing a systematic land purchase system based on ecological evaluation.

Existing web applications and services have historically been implemented using JavaScript. However, new technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and Big Data are being developed as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. With the definition of the HTML5 web standard, services (such as the technologies mentioned above) that were previously not available through the Web become available. These services, however, need to have the same performance as native applications, and implementing these services will require new technologies. Therefore, additional tools that can work on the Web with native performance are needed. In this paper, a system for branching processing was established using JavaScript and WebAssembly, a language that can operate on the Web. This system performs user requests in advance, and requests are branched in a language that produces faster results. Therefore, a service capable of quick response times can be implemented.

The formation degree of sustain (ITO pattern) determines the quality of a PDP (Plasma Display Panel). Thus, in the present study, we attempt to detect 100% of the defects that are larger than $30{\mu}m$. Currently, the inspection method in the PDP manufacturing process is dependent upon the naked eye or a microscope in off-line mode. In this study, a prototype inspection system for PDP ITO patterned glass is developed. The developed system, which is based on a line-scan mechanism, obtains information on the defects and sorts the defects by type automatically. The developed inspection system adopts a multi-vision method using slit-beam formation for minimum inspection time and the detection algorithm is embodied in the detection ability. Characteristic defects such as pin holes, substances, and protrusions are extracted using the blob analysis method. Defects such as open, short, spots and others are distinguished by the line type inspection algorithm. It was experimentally verified that the developed inspection system can detect defects with reliability of up to 95% in about 60 seconds for the 42-inch PDP panel.

A computer system for crop information was developed using Visual Basic and ArcGIS VBA. The system is operated on ArcGIS 8.3 with Microsoft Access MDB. Landsat +ETM, KOMPSAT-1 EOC, ASTER VNIR and IKONOS panchromatic (Pan) and multi-spectral (MIS) images were included in the system to extract agricultural land use items identifiable at various spatial resolutions of images. Agriculture related data inventories using crop cover information such as texture and average pixel value of each band based on crop cultivation calendar were designed and implemented. Three IKONOS images were loaded in the system to show crop cover characteristics such as rice, pear, grape, red pepper, garlic, and surface water cover of reservoir with field surveys. GIS layers such as DEM (Digital Elevation Model), stream, road, soil, land use and administration boundary were prepared to understand the related characteristics and identify the location easily.

This study developed a fully automated test system for pressure vessels, containing such as oxygen, nitrogen, which is widely used in many industries. The pressure vessel test has three major parts including weight measurement test, water-hydraulic test and leakage test followed by cleaning and drying. The control system for these tests consists of three parts: a PLC, a monitoring system and a database management system. The PLC oversees overall control of test machines, while the monitoring system measures and displays weight, pressure, flow etc. for every situations, and the database management system stores test data. These three modules are designed to communicate with one another at 1 Hz frequency alerting problematic situations to the operator. The system has gone through actual field tests for verification of performances.

In order to analyze the water supply capacity in an estuary reservoir, a system composed of daily water balance model and daily inflow model was developed. The agricultural water demands to paddy fields, domestic water demands to residential areas, and industrial water demands to industrial complexes were considered in this daily water balance model. Likewise, the outflow volume through sluice gates and inside the water level at the start of the outflow was initially conditioned to simulate estuary reservoir storage. The DAWAST model (Noh, 1991) was selected to simulate daily estuary reservoir inflow, wherein return flows from agricultural, domestic, and industrial water were included to simulate runoff. Using this system, the water supply capacity in the Geum River estuary reservoir was analyzed.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a systematic classification system for efficiently managing and utilizing information related to industry-academia-research cooperation, addressing the gaps in structured data management. Methodology: The study employs literature review, case studies, expert interviews (FGI), and integrated analysis. A hierarchical decimal coding system was designed to ensure logical organization and accessibility of data. Findings: The proposed classification system comprises six major categories-organization, infrastructure, workforce development, entrepreneurship and employment, research and development, and commercialization-enhancing data usability and policy support. Implication: This study provides a foundational framework for managing industry-academia-research cooperation information, contributing to ecosystem sustainability. Future work should focus on governance policies for data protection, quality control, and institutional accountability.

Purpose: Adequate medical knowledge and skills are fundamentals for nurse prescribing authority development. This study will explore the potential for developing nurse prescribing training in Iran, where nurses currently lack prescribing authority despite their strong academic nursing education. Methods: This is a study with two phases. At first, in a conventional qualitative content analysis method, with purposive and snowball sampling, from June 2021 to March 2023, 20 participants, including 16 nurses in different clinical, managerial, educational, and policy-making settings, three physicians, and one clinical pharmacist were interviewed. Unstructured interviews were conducted face-to-face or virtually as the situation required during the pandemic period due to Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19). Qualitative content analysis as developed by Elo and Kyngas in 2008 was used for data analysis. In the second comparative analysis phase, four masters of science and one doctor of nursing curricula analyzed in the existence of the nurse prescribing prerequisite courses and these five curricula and two potential masters of science in community health and critical care nursing curricula were compared with John Hopkins University curricula. Results: In the qualitative phase, two themes emerged: nursing education challenges and the potential for nurse prescribing training development. These were further broken down into four subthemes: inadequate nurses' knowledge in prerequisite nurse prescribing courses, unprepared educational infrastructure, treatment sector potentials, and educational potentials, with a total of 12 concepts identified. During the comparative phase, it was found that none of the nursing curricula had adequate prerequisite courses for nurse prescribing. However, the Community Health and Critical Care nursing curricula showed potential for developing nurse prescribing training. Conclusions: In the nursing education system, there are some challenges and potentials for prescribing training, and the community health and critical care nursing curricula have the potential capacity to prepare the graduated nurses to prescribe. It needs educational and managerial policies. More developmental research and pilot studies are recommended.

This study designs a squat posture recognition system that can provide correct squat posture guidelines. This system comprises two modules: a Kinect camera for monitoring users' body movements and a Wii Balance Board(WBB) for measuring balanced postures with legs. Squat posture recognition involves two states: "Stand" and "Squat." Further, each state is divided into two postures: correct and incorrect. The incorrect postures of the Stand and Squat states were classified into three and two different types of postures, respectively. The factors that determine whether a posture is incorrect or correct include the difference between shoulder width and ankle width, knee angle, and coordinate of center of pressure(CoP). An expert and 10 participants participated in experiments, and the three factors used to determine the posture were measured using both Kinect and WBB. The acquired data from each device show that the expert's posture is more stable than that of the subjects. This data was classified using a support vector machine (SVM) and $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes classifier. The classification results showed that the accuracy achieved using the SVM and $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes classifier was 95.61% and 81.82%, respectively. Therefore, the developed system that used Kinect and WBB could classify correct and incorrect postures with high accuracy. Unlike in other studies, we obtained the spatial coordinates using Kinect and measured the length of the body. The balance of the body was measured using CoP coordinates obtained from the WBB, and meaningful results were obtained from the measured values. Finally, the developed system can help people analyze the squat posture easily and conveniently anywhere and can help present correct squat posture guidelines. By using this system, users can easily analyze the squat posture in daily life and suggest safe and accurate postures.

This study focused on realizing the UX pattern elements for Wordpress service, and applying the UX pattern approach to enhance UX consideration in Wordpress theme service. The Wordpress UX pattern system was developed based on web UX pattern analysis, and on characteristics of Wordpress components and theme filtering tags. The Wordpress UX pattern system was further analyzed in 22 popular Wordpress themes and 20 web UX scenarios, to evaluate its working by defining theme UX as a case study. The Wordpress theme filtering service GUI was designed based on the Wordpress UX pattern system as a design suggestion. Web technology is evolving rapidly, and web design has become a ready-made service with less user experience consideration, or design creativity. This study directs to keep track of UX value in an emerging web service paradigm.