Earticle

This study addresses directionality underlying strategies employed during Korean-English simultaneous interpreting. The nature of simultaneous interpreting involving a complex deployment of concomitant tasks, necessitates professional interpreters to develop and constantly refine interpreting strategies. Interpreting strategies used during L1-to-L2 interpreting, however, have often been reported to be different from those used during L2-to-L1 interpreting, lending support to the hypothesis that simultaneous interpreting from L1 involves different processes and goals from interpreting from L2. Analysis of recordings of simultaneous interpreting among three professional Korean-English interpreters actually revealed that they employed different strategies according to the interpreting direction. Such a directionality can be caused by various factors including linguistic, social, and cognitive elements. During English-to- Korean interpreting, it seemed, the main objective of the interpreters was to convey the source text as accurately as possible, and attentional focuses were placed on its surface features including cohesive devices. While interpreting from Korean into English, however, the main objective was to deliver a target text understandable among the audience and thus interpreters were more geared toward meaning-based interpreting. This approach required interpreters to employ such strategies as omission and paraphrasing.

Contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments of Ulsan Bay were investigated by the sequential extraction methods that classifies heavy metals into five types of chemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The analytes were determined by using an ICP-MS. Total Cr concentrations in the sediments were in the range of 41.6-96.4, Cu 60.7-680, Zn 189-1954, Cd 33.1-83.4, and Pb 138-567 mg/kg. Results of sequential fractionation indicates that relatively high proportion $(\~44\%)$ of Cu is associated with organic matter A large proportion of Pb is associated with three types of chemical forms: Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual. There were significant correlation in concentrations between the exchangeable components and total organic carbons. The heavy metals in the residual phase cannot be easily released to the environment since these are bound to the crystal lattice. But, reducible and organic Phases cfn a significant amount of most heavy metals. Therefore. there is potential danger of a substantial amount of metals becoming chemically mobile with environmental changes.

본 연구에서는 구조물의 표면마감 특성이 해양콘크리트의 공극 및 염화물 확산특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 콘크리트의 종류는 Plain과 함께 실리카퓸을 사용한 경우와 플라이애시를 사용한 콘크리트를 대상으로 하였고, 표면거푸집 종류로는 목재합판, 코팅합판, 철 및 폴리프로필렌 필름으로 하는 총 4 case를 대상으로 하였다. 검토결과, 공극은 콘크리트 시험체의 중앙부 절단면이 철이나 폴리프로필렌 필름을 사용한 경우에 비해 상대적으로 많은 공극량을 포함하는 것으로 나타난 반면, 목재 합판을 사용한 경우가 가장 적은 공극량을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 염화물 침투시기는 동일한 콘크리트라 할지라도 거푸집 종류에 따라 Plain 콘크리트의 경우는 최대 13.2%, MSF 콘크리트는 20.3%, FA 콘크리트는 17.7% 수준까지 상이하게 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 콘크리트의 내구성을 평가하는데 있어 콘크리트의 표면마감 특성에 대해서도 면밀히 검토되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This paper presents an experimental study on the air contents and the chloride penetration in offshore concrete depending on the types of forms. Three types of concretes(plain, MSF, and FA concretes) with four kinds of forms(wood, coating wood, steel, and polypropylene film) were investigated. The test results show that the air contents in the concrete cured with steel and polypropylene forms were higher than those with wood and coating wood forms. The concrete with wood forms has the least air content. The variation of chloride ingress time was large depending on the types of forms on the same concrete, i.e. 13.2, 20.3, and 17.7% for Plain, MSF, and FA concretes, respectively. Consequently, the surface conditions of forms should be considered for design of durable concrete.

In this study surface modeling method with 3D curve net is proposed. For surface modeling, ship hull was divided into several parts. Generated surface was loaded general purpose CAD program through IGES file format, and the quality of generated surface model was checked by CATIA's internal function. Lastly it is tried to find a method for improving the accuracy of surface connection by using the blending method in CATIA and the result was discussed.