Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 상호텍스트를 활용한 읽기-쓰기 통합 수업을 실시한 후 학습자가 쓴 글에 자신이 읽은 텍스 트가 어떠한 기능으로 재구성되어 나타나는지를 분석하는 데에 있다. 학습자 텍스트에 나타난 상호텍스트의 실현 양상을 자료 기능(source functions)에 따라 다섯 가지로 나눈 후 각각에 해당되는 사례를 구체적으로 살 펴본 결과 다음과같은 사실을 알게 되었다. 첫째, 학습자가 다른 텍스트에서 빌려 온 글은 새로운 텍스트의 배경이나 이야기 전개 방향을 설정하는 데에 사 용됨으로써 독자로 하여금화제에 주의나 관심을 끌 수 있도록 하였다. 둘째, 학습자는 자신의 주장을 뒷받침하 기 위한 근거로 읽은 텍스트를 활용함으로써 자신의 주장이 객관적이며 논리 정연함을 입증하였다. 셋째, 학습 자가 읽은 텍스트는 새로운 텍스트의 결론을 도출해 내기 위한 계기로 활용되었다. 넷째, 학습자는 배경지식 강화의 기능으로 자신이 읽은 텍스트를 활용하였다. 다섯째, 학습자가 읽은 텍스트는 아이디어를 제공해 주는 기능으로도 사용되었다. 본 연구를 통해 학습자가 읽은 다양한 텍스트가 배경지식의 양적인측면과 질적인 측면에서의 변화뿐만 아니라 주장의 근거에 신빙성을부여하거나 결론을 논리적으로 이끌어 내기 위한 기능 등 텍스트 자체의 논리성을 확 보하기 위한 의도로도 활용되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 다른 텍스트에서 빌려 온 내용이 어떤 대상에 대한 개념일지라도 글의 도입과 전개 과정 중 어디에 사용되었는지에 따라 자료의기능이 달라졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study aims to analyze how and for whatpurposes learners of Korean writing reconstruct reading texts through anintegrated reading-writing course. Patterns of intertextuality are firstcollected from students’ writings and classified into five source functions. Then the learners’ writings are specifically analyzed and the results aresummarized as follow:First, learners attempt to draw readers’ interest and attention by quotingthe reading texts to set up the background and plot of their new writingtexts. Second, learners use the reading texts in order to support theiropinions and prove their objectivity and logic. Third, the reading texts arequoted in order to lead readers to the conclusion of their new texts. Fourth, learners reconstruct the reading texts to enforce their backgroundknowledge. Finally, the reading texts also provide the learners with newideas for their writings. This study shows that learners’ various reading texts are used not only forimprovement in both quantity and quality of the learners’ backgroundknowledge, but also for the bases of credibility of the writers’ opinionsand logic. In addition, the analysis reaches the conclusion that eventhough quotations from different texts are stated in the similar ways, theyfunction in different ways depending on the locations in thewritings.

This paper presents a method of controlling a three-phase VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) using MPC (Model Predictive Control) designed using Laguerre functions. It also provides a model of the three-phase VSI and its resistive-inductive load and then an overview of MPC design using Laguerre functions. The biggest challenge in using MPC is the high number of computations involved, which makes online implementation difficult. On the other hand, the LMPC (Laguerre Model Predictive Control) reduces the number of computations made and so online implementation becomes possible where traditional MPC would be unteneble. The simulation results from MATLAB are also provided.

An objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing contents of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) from formalin treated soy bean (FSBM) on rumen functions. Four rumen canulated non-lactating cows were randomly allocated to total mixed rations (TMR) containing different proportions of soy bean meal (SBM) and FSBM. Of rumen fermentation characteristics, concentrations of ruminal fluid ammonia and molar proportions of isoacids decreased with increasing contents of RUP in diets (p<0.01). The animals on TMR containing only SBM gained less weight and had smaller rumen volume than those on TMR containing RUP from FSBM (p<0.05). Organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility in sacco were not different (p>0.05). The density of protozoa particularly small Entodinium sp. in ruminal fluid was higher in animal fed TMR containing SBM:FSBM (34:66) and FSBM than those fed TMR containing SBM:FSBM (66:34) and SBM (p<0.01). Total viable count, and net microbial protein synthesis as indicated by purine derivatives in urine increased with increasing contents of RUP from FSBM (p<0.01). It can be concluded that a reduction in net microbial protein synthesis in the rumen with increasing contents of RUP in the diet can be due to the reduction of preformed protein available for microbial growth as well as an increased turnover rate of microbial cells by predatory activity of protozoa.

바이너리 유사도 분석은 취약점 분석, 악성코드 분석, 표절 탐지 등에서 사용되고 있는데, 분석대상 함수가 알려진 안전한 함수와 동일하다는 것을 증명해주면 바이너리 코드의 악성행위 분석, 취약점 분석 등의 효율성을 높이는 데에 도움이 될 수 있다. 하지만 기존에는 동일 함수의 서로 다른 버전에 대한 유사도 분석에 대해서 별도로 이루어진 연구가 거의 없었다. 본 논문에서는 바이너리로부터 추출 가능한 함수 정보들을 바탕으로 다양한 방법을 통해 함수 단위의 유사도를 분석하고 적은 시간으로 효율적으로 분석할 수 있는 방안을 모색한다. 특히 OpenSSL 라이브러리의 서로 다른 버전을 대상으로 분석을 수행하여 버전이 다른 경우에도 유사한 함수를 탐지하는 것을 확인한다.

Binary similarity analysis is used in vulnerability analysis, malicious code analysis, and plagiarism detection. Proving that a function is equal to a well-known safe functions of different versions through similarity analysis can help to improve the efficiency of the binary code analysis of malicious behavior as well as the efficiency of vulnerability analysis. However, few studies have been carried out on similarity analysis of the same function of different versions. In this paper, we analyze the similarity of function units through various methods based on extractable function information from binary code, and find a way to analyze efficiently with less time. In particular, we perform a comparative analysis of the different versions of the OpenSSL library to determine the way in which similar functions are detected even when the versions differ.

Sasang Constitutional Medicine, a branch of traditional Korean medicine, believes that the health of human beings can be promoted by taking advantage of the fact that people have different constitutions. It utilizes the characteristics in human voice to diagnose the constitution of the patients. This study aims at establishing the relationship between Sasang constitutions and their corresponding voice characteristics by investigating source-related variables. Voice recordings of 23 patients from three different constitutions were obtained whose constitutions had been already diagnosed by the experts in the fields. Fundamental frequency related variables (average pitch, maximum/minimum pitch, pitch range), phonation type, speaking tempo were measured and analyzed for each group. The phonation type seemed to be a possible candidate for a successful variable to determine constitution. No statistically significant relationship was manifested between other variables and constitutions. Despite its failure to firmly establish the relationship between voice and constitutions, the current study suggests that future research should include not only source-related variables

To characterize the breakdown process, we newly introduce and define a dimensionless number called breakdown zone Reynolds number R_eb. R_eb represents the relationship between shear frictional resistance and inertial force, equivalent to (V_r/V_s)². V_r and V_s are rupture and shear wave velocities, respectively. R_eb also characterizes the energy budget relationship, seismic energy radiation, and its efficiency. Based on R_eb, particle motion can be categorized into two cases: a) R_eb≪1 and b) R_eb ~1 or R_eb>1. For case a), since the inertial force is negligible compared to the shear frictional resistance, the particle motion can be viewed as the response of a linear time-invariant system with the stress drop as an input function, and its impulse response function (IRF) is the second type of modified Bessel function with zeroth order supposing linear phase characteristics. The IRF is quite similar to the regularized Yoffe function. The particle velocity spectrum can be characterized with the approximated spectral attenuation slope in the high frequency range of ∝ω^-0.6. The attenuation slope, however, would be changed to ∝ω^-1.0 if we consider the pre-slip and phase delay of the response. Then, generic omega-square model can model a finite source's source time function (STF). On the other hand, case b) shows that IRF has the same form as Brune's omega-square model, and its STF has steeper spectral attenuation like omega-cube model. This means that the spectral characteristics of STF may change with the rupture velocity. Furthermore, we newly define the ratio of source-controlled f_max to corner frequency f_c as Stokes number S_k, a function of R_eb and approximately proportional to R_eb^3/2. Remarkably, S_k delineates a Reynolds number similarity which is comparable to that of isotropic turbulence. The aggregated results of spectral inversion analysis for more than 130 shallow earthquakes occurring in Japan show that the analyzed f_max/f_c (=S_k) follow the theoretical relationship, and it is also demonstrated that the non-self-similarity parameter ε proposed by Kanamori and Rivera is related to the scale dependence of R_eb. Finally, R_eb is compared to the inertial number I, a representative dimensionless number governing the behavior of granular suspension as a model for the interaction between fault gouge and pore-pressure in fault core. As a result, R_eb is equivalent to I². as we consider the differences in length scale and density in each definition. Consequently, I is uniquely linked to S_k by R_eb, corresponding to the Stokes number for granular suspension. Hence, it can be asserted that R_eb and S_k introduced in this study are representative dimensionless numbers which characterize the whole breakdown process and the behavior of pulverized fault core.

본 연구에서는 국민노후보장패널 4차년도부터 6차년도까지 자료를 바탕으로, 고령가계를 은퇴 여부와 소득 원천 에 따라 2단계로 구분하여 유형별로 살펴보고, 유형별 소비함수를 추정함으로써, 고령가계의 경제적 상태를 정확하 게 이해하고 진단함으로써, 효과적인 지원정책을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국민노후보장패널 중 최종적으로 총 1,002가구의 자료를 분석하였다. 잠재프로파일분석을 통해 고령가계를 유형별로 구분하고, 교차분석, 집단별 평균 차이 분석을 통해 유형별 특성을 살펴보았다. 또한, 유형별 소비함수를 분석하기 위해 패널회귀분석을 실시하였고, 확률효과모형을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령가계는 은퇴 여부와 소득 원천에 따른 2단계 구분을 통해 6개의 유형으로 세분화할 수 있으며, 비은퇴가계는 근로소득형 가계가 많은 반면, 은퇴가계는 사전이 전중심형 가계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유형별 고령가계의 특성이 서로 다르게 나타나, 유형별 맞춤형 진단 과 대응이 요구된다. 비은퇴가계 중 근로.연금소득형 가계는 근로소득형보다 상대적으로 연령은 높고, 근로소득의 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타나 소일거리를 포함한 경제활동에 지속적으로 참여하고 있으며, 은퇴가계 중 사적이전소득 형 가계는 부채가 소비지출에 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 일부 부채를 통해 소비지출을 충당하고 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 이를 통해 개별 유형의 가계가 경험하는 경제적 문제를 해결하기 위해 세분화한 맞춤형 해결방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 고령가계의 유형별 경제 수준의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 은퇴 전 충분한 노후준비가 되어 야 얻을 수 있는 소득원인 재산소득과 연금소득을 중심으로 한 은퇴가계 유형의 경제적 복지 수준이 높게 나타나 은퇴 전 충분한 노후준비의 중요성을 확인하였다. 따라서 아직 은퇴하지 않은 젊은 세대에게 은퇴준비의 중요성을 끊임없이 강조하고, 교육을 제공하는 노력과 함께 가계의 은퇴준비를 지원하기 위한 정책적 대안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 고령가계를 대상으로 한 근로소득의 창출은 가계의 경제적 복지에 상당히 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 다섯째, 고령가계의 소비지출은 가계의 유형별로 다른 소득원천에 의해 영향을 받으며, 그 영향 력도 유형별로 다르게 나타났다. 특히 고령가계의 소비지출은 가계의 유형을 결정하는 주된 소득원천보다 근로소 득이나 연금소득과 같은 정기적 성격을 갖는 소득원천에 의존하는 경향이 나타나 정기적인 소득의 중요성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서, 공적연금을 통한 노후소득 보장 수준이 취약한 현실을 고려하여 고령가계를 대상으로 한 일 자리 정책을 적극적으로 지원하는 한편, 근로기간을 연장함으로써, 은퇴 시기를 상대적으로 늦추는 방안을 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

In this study, based on the data from the 4th to the 6th year of the KReIS, the elderly households were classified two stages, according to retirement status and income sources and consumption functions were estimated. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, it is intended to distinguish the elderly households by disaggregating them by using their retirement status and income sources step by step. Specifically, the types were identified by dividing the elderly households into retirement and non-retirement households according to their retirement status and classifying them again according to income sources. Second, it is intended to identify the key characteristics of each type of elderly households according to their retirement status and income sources. Third, through the panel regression analysis, the consumption function is estimated for each type of elderly household according to their retirement status and income source to identify the impact of each source of income on consumer spending. Through this study, the problems that can ultimately be experienced by the elderly households in economic terms were diagnosed in advance and solutions were sought. This study has the following implications: First, the KReIS data suitable for research purposes were used and, in particular, the three-year data were analyzed using the 4-6th (2011-2015) data to include differences in individual households and differences over time. Besides, this study classified the entire elderly households into more granularity by phasing out the elderly household through two axes: retirement status or income source. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to assess the condition more accurately and find effective countermeasures by estimating consumption functions differently by looking at the types of sources of income and their influence on consumer spending. We analyzed 1,002 households in the KReIS. Of the total KReIS data, households that meet all three conditions were analyzed and the data were extracted. First, a balanced panel was established for households that responded to all three numbers until 4th and 6th years and used in the analysis. Second, only single-person and married-person households were studied. This is because households that live together with their actual sons and daughters may overstate their income and consumption expenditure. Third, only households whose retirement status remained the same were studied from the 4th to 6th years of the KReIS. In other words, only households that have not been retired or have been retired continuously for 4th and 6th years are included in the analysis data. Households who experienced retirement within the period(4th and 6th years) were excluded from the analysis. This is because if one experienced retirement within the period, there could be a big change in economic conditions, including income and consumer spending. Therefore, it excluded cases where it was difficult to analyze the differences in characteristics of elderly households depending on whether they retired or not. In this study, the latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus to distinguish types of elderly households based on the data extracted. Also, STATA 13 was used to cross-tabulation and analyze the average difference between groups to examine the characteristics of each type based on the type of elderly households. For analysis of consumption function by type, panel regression analysis was performed and the random-effects model was used in detail. This study focused on the elderly households whose life span is increasing after retirement and the importance of that period is becoming increasingly important to them, looking at the economic characteristics of the elderly households and diagnosing problems to find appropriate solutions. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, elderly households can be subdivided into 6 types. Non-retirement households have more labor-oriented households, whi...

본 논문에서는 음성합성(speech synthesis) 및 부호화(coding) 시스템에 있어서 음원(voice source) 모델링에 관한 문제를 살펴보고자 한다. 기존의 음원 모델링 시스템이 가지고 있는 여러 문제들을 극복하고자 기저함수(basis function) 의 가중 합(weighted-sum)으로 음원을 모델링 하는 새로운 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안한 방법에서는 음원 파형(voice source waveform)을 적절히 표현하기 위해서 필터뱅크(filter bank)에 기초한 기저함수의 가중 합으로 나타낸다. 다양한 음원 특성을 효과적으로 나타내는 음원 파라미터를 구하기 위하여 EM(estimate maximize)에 기초한 구조에 관해 조사한다. 제안한 방법을 이용하여 다양한 유성음에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 추정(estimation) 방법 및 모델링 방법을 이용하면 기존의 방법에 비해 더 정확한 음원 파형을 추정할 수 있고, 다양한 음원 특성을 나타낼 수 있다. 또한 음성합성 및 부호화에서도 음성품질(voice quality)를 개선시킬 수 있으리라 기대된다.

본 논문에서는 음원을 모델링하기 위한 새로운 음원 모델로서 기저함수합계 모델을 제안하고 그 모델의 변수를 추정하는 방법에 관하여 설명한다. 기존 모델들이 다양한 음원신호를 표현하는데 부족함이 많았던데 비해 기저함수합계 모델은 다양한 음원신호를 표현하기에 적합하며 ML 이라는 통일된 추정 방법을 통해 모델의 변수들을 구할 수 있다. 또한 기저함수합계 모델은 기존의 모델들을 포함하는 일반화된 음원 모델이 됨을 보인다.