Earticle

As screen printing is changed by automation recently, could print more exactly. However, must suffer great many trial and error to have still gotten perfect result. By the way, at this step, fair time and money should be invested. Therefore, if search for optimum condition in early time visualizing screen printing process using simulator program before progress printing, is judged that may be correct and gets printing result efficiently. In this paper, searched optimum printing speed and ink viscosity using FLOW-3D program. Also, the result could confirm truth that is agreeing almost with experiment contents. Through this, is thought that may expect extension of screen printing wide application that vivify advantage of screen print if use simulation program.

The purpose of the present study was to present evidence for driving interventions for the elderly by conducting programs that can improve visual perception and cognitive function in a driving simulator for elderly drivers and analyse their effects. Three elderly subjects who were 65 years or older, did not have physical and cognitive impairments, and were able to drive themselves participated in the present study. A total of 12 intervention sessions, of which subjects participated in 10 sessions of nine different visual perception and cognitive function programs available in a driving simulator, were conducted and pre- and post-program assessments were conducted (two assessments in total). The assessments included the evaluation of visual perception, frontal lobe function, concentration, safe driving behaviour, and self-efficacy. The results showed positive effects of the driving simulator program on the visual perception, frontal lobe function, concentration, safe driving behaviour, and self-efficacy of all subjects. Changes in the simulator results showed remarkable improvement in the response evaluation, judgment evaluation, and predictive power evaluation, but showed difficulties in interference tasks and depth perception in common. The results showed positive effects of driving simulator training on the driving ability of the elderly, and consistent provision of such training is expected to improve the quality of life of the elderly by securing the safety of driving and actively supporting social participation.

This study aimed to develop an education program using a high-fidelity simulator that can be applied during clinical practicums. And this study aimed to verify the positive effect of the program on the knowledge of women's health nursing and critical thinking disposition, and to confirm the satisfaction of the participants. The program using six cases was developed and applied to 39 fourth-year nursing students. The effectiveness of the program was measured before and after the program on knowledge and critical thinking disposition, and the satisfaction was confirmed after the program. Data collection was conducted from February 24 to April 18, 2025. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN PC+ 26.0 program. General characteristics and satisfaction were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality of data was verified using the Kolmogrov-Smirov test, and the effectiveness of the program was analyzed using the paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The educational program using a high-fidelity simulator was found to increase knowledge and critical thinking disposition. And the participants were satisfied with the program. The educational program for women's health nursing using the high-fidelity simulator developed in this study can be easily incorporated into clinical practicum curriculum, enhancing direct nursing experience and improving practice competency.

Due to the fast growing rate of the global container trade, every major port is under the pressure of meeting the projected capacity demand. As a result, alternative solutions have been sought for improving capacity and meeting the growing demand for container storage area and terminal capacity. Moreover, material handling process re-engineering is now a critical issue for logistics and supply chain managers of airline, shipping lines, terminal and warehousing enterprises around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop the 3D simulator for executing performance valuation of port transportation systems. The developed 3D simulator system is to measure the effectiveness of the proposed total system and compare it with existing practices. The performance analysis variables are also defined for these comparisons

본 논문에서는 원전 계측제어시스템 구축을 위해 개발된 원전용 PLC 시뮬레이터의 설계 사항에 관해 소개한다. 원전용 계측제어시스템은 원전이라는 특수한 환경과 제약으로 말미암아, 일반적인 시뮬레이터 개발보다 엄격한 요건을 만족해야 한다. 이러한 요건으로는 다양한 테스팅을 통하여 제어 프로그램의 안정성을 보장할 수 있어야 하며, 다수의 계측제어 프로그램들을 고속으로 동시에 실행할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 극복하고자 PLC 제어 프로그램의 컴파일러를 제작하여 C 코드 변환을 하게 된다. 제안한 방법에서는 검증용 상용 도구를 변환된 코드에 적용해 제어 프로그램의 안정성 평가를 할 수 있으며, Compiled-Code 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용하여 고속으로 실행 가능한 시뮬레이터를 자동으로 생성할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

This paper shows a case study of designing a PLC logic simulator that was developed to simulate and verify PLC control programs for nuclear plant systems. The nuclear control system requires strict restrictions rather than normal process control system does, as it works with a high-risky and dangerous nuclear plant. One is that it should assure the safeness of the control programs by exploiting severe testing. The other restriction is that the control programs should be executed fast enough such that they could control multi devices concurrently in real-time. To cope with these restrictions, we devised a logic compiler which generates C-code programs from given PLC logic programs. Once the logic program was translated into C-code, the program could be analyzed by conventional software analysis tools and could be used to construct a fast logic simulator after cross-compiling, in fact, that is a kind of compiled-code simulator.

광범위한 컨테이너 무역의 빠른 성장률로 인하여, 모든 주요항만은 계획된 수용능력 수요에 대처해야하는 압력에 처해있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 결과로서, 컨테이너 보관과 터미널 용량에 대한 수용능력을 개선하고 성장수요를 찾아야한다. 더구나, 구체적 조정순서 재공학은 세계적으로 항공기, 선박회사, 터미널 그리고 창고기업체들의 상세한 계획과 공급이 연쇄 관리자들을 위하여 현재 반드시 필요한 목표이다. 따라서 이 논문의 목적은 항만이송시스템들의 성능평가를 실행하기 위한 3차원 시뮬레이터를 개발하는 것이다. 개발되어진 3차원 시뮬레이터 시스템은 제안된 전체 시스템의 유효성을 측정하게 되고 실제 존재하는 것들과 비교되어진다. 또한 성능 해석 변화들은 이러한 것들을 비교함으로서 정의되어진다.

Due to the fast growing rate of the global container trade, every major port is under the pressure of meeting the projected capacity demand. As a result, alternative solutions have been sought for improving capacity and meeting the growing demand for container storage area and terminal capacity. Moreover, material handling process re-engineering is now a critical issue for logistics and supply chain managers of airline, shipping lines, terminal and warehousing enterprises around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop the 3D simulator for executing performance valuation of port transportation systems. The developed 3D simulator system is to measure the effectiveness of the proposed total system and compare it with existing practices. The performance analysis variables are also defined for these comparisons.

본 논문에서는 원전 계측제어시스템 구축을 위해 개발된 원전용 PLC 시뮬레이터의 설계 사항에 관해 소개한다. 원전용 계측제어시스템은 원전이라는 특수한 환경과 제약으로 말미암아, 일반적인 시뮬레이터 개발보다 엄격한 요건을 만족해야 한다. 이러한 요건에는 다양한 테스팅을 통하여 제어 프로그램의 안정성을 보장할 수 있어야 하며, 다수의 계측제어 프로그램들을 고속으로 동시에 실행할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 극복하고자 PLC 제어 프로그램의 컴파일러를 제작하고, Compiled-Code 시뮬레이션 기법을 적용하여 고속으로 실행할 수 있는 시뮬레이터 생성 방안을 고안해 내었다.

The TPS accepts as input, vehicle parameters. control parameters. station parameters and right-of-war profile. Outputs of TPS program include velocity elapsed time and power profiles. This paper represents how to develop the TPS program. The TPS program simulates the operation of a single train under the input conditions.

The TPS accepts as input, vehicle parameters, control parameters, station parameters and right-of-way profile. Outputs of TPS program include velocity, elapsed time and power profiles. This paper represents how to develop the TPS program. The TPS program simulates the operation of a single train under the input conditions.

산업현장에서의 자동화를 구축하기 위한 핵심 요소는 생산 현장의 제어장치를 직접 제어하는 PLC(Programmable Logical Controller)로 구성된다. PLC를 이용하여 생산 현장의 자동화를 구축하는 기존의 방법론은 대부분의 경우에서 현장의 자동화 구축 기간이 길고 비용이 많이 든다. 또한 이미 구축된 시스템에서 정밀한 테스트를 할 경우, 잘못된 동작으로 인해 발생하는 실제 현장에 설치된 제어장치의 손상될 확률이 높아진다. 본 논문에서는 기본 방법론에서 언급되는 문제점들을 프로그램의 컴포넌트(요소)로 개발하고 개선된 방법론을 이용할 수 있는 프로그램 시뮬레이터를 설계 및 구현한다. 프로그램 시뮬레이터의 개발 효과는 기존 방법론의 문제점들을 해결함으로써 생산성을 높일 수 있고 생산 비용을 줄일 수 있다.

An integrated program of driving simulator has been developed for excavators using the Motif, OpenGL, and C compiler. The developed program not only offers a GUI but also covers graphic algorithms, therefore, the user can easily run the driving simulator whose components include a simplified visual graphics system. Several graphics technique are combined and applied to the simulator program in order to increase the speed of graphical representation, which access computer memories, mix 2D models with 3D ones, and use the basic position detection method. A text format environment file has been utilized for organizing more flexible driving circumstances.

MRI는 1970년을 시작으로 자장 세기와 수신 채널 수, 촬영시간의 단축 등으로 많은 발전을 해 오고 있으며, 병원 또한 각종 전산 시스템과 무선 네트워크의 발전으로 인해 각종 진료 영상장비로부터 디지털 영상을 획득, 저장 및 관리하게 되었다. 하지만, 국내 대학들은 고가의 실습장비와 유지비로 인하여 자체에서는 실습을 하지 못하고 있으며 임상 실습에 의존하고 있다. 이에 윈도우즈 운영체제의 PC상에서 MR 환자의 검사 프로그램을 개발하여 학생들이 많이 다루어 봄으로써 임상에서 근무하기 전 많은 도움을 주고자 하였다. MRI Simulator의 Relational Database 설계는 각 기능과 자료의 특성에 따라 7개의 Table로 구성하였으며, 환자정보 설계는 임상에서의 환자등록 방법을 기준으로 각 단계별 기능을 분류 하였다. 또, 검사를 위한 기본 정보 설정을 가정하여 각각의 설정 값 및 그 내용을 분류 하였다. 실행 단계별 메뉴는 한 눈에 볼 수 있도록 왼편에 배열을 하였다. 환자 등록은 이름, 성별, 고유번호, 생년월일, 몸무게 등 기초정보를 입력하고, 환자의 자세와 검사 방향을 설정하였다. 또, 검사부위와 Pulse Sequence을 나열하고, 선택하도록 분류하였다. 그리고 Protocol 이름과 부가 인자들를 입력할 수 있도록 하였다. 최종 화면은 검사 영상과 환자 정보, 검사 조건 등을 확인할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 이 프로그램을 통해 환자정보의 입력과 검사조건의 변경을 학습해봄으로써 이론과 실습을 통한 용어의 이해에 많은 도움을 주어 실제 임상근무에서 배우는 시간을 단축시킬 수 있다.

Since 1970, MRI has greatly been developing in terms of strength of magnetic field, the number of receipt channels, and short time of examination. With the development of digital systems and wireless network, hospitals have also acquired, saved, and managed digital images taken by various kinds of medical imaging equipment. However, domestic universities fail to provide practice training course independently thanks to expensive practice equipment and high maintenance cost, and rely on clinical training. Therefore, this study developed a MR patient diagnosis program based on Windows PC to help out students before their working in clinical filed. The designed Relational Database of MRI Simulator is made up of seven tables according to functions and data characteristics. Regarding the designed patient information, each stepwise function was classified by the patient registration method in clinical field. In addition, on the assumption of the basic information for diagnosis, each setting and content were classified. The menu by execution step was arrayed on the left side for easy view. For patient registration, a patient's name, gender, unique ID, birth date, weight, and other types of basic information were entered, and the patient's posture and diagnosis direction were set up. In addition, the body regions for diagnosis and Pulse Sequence were listed for selection. Also, Protocol name and other additional factors were allowed to be entered. The final window was designed to check diagnosis images, patient information, and diagnosis conditions. By learning how to enter patient information and change diagnosis conditions in this program, users will be able to understand more theories and terms learned in practice and thereby to shorten their learning time in actual clinical work.

This paper presents a Windows graphic developed by the authors for the education and training of power system. Object-oriented programming is a major trend in computer software because it increases flexibility of large-scale software systems. An efficient platform for power system simulation applications has been proposed. This paper presents an intuitive Windows-based program for the power system analysis. The advantages of the object-oriented approach are demonstrated with an implementation of the graphical program. It provides a graphical interface for designing the one-line diagram of the bus and analyzing the output of the simulations. A graphical editor to visually edit the power system, diagram, results processing and exporting and graphic presentations.

This paper presents design and development of a simulator evaluates the performance of a hierarchical cellular system. The proposed hierarchical cellular simulator, consisting of macro, micro, and pico cells, applies the wrap-around technique to reduce simulation time. The simulator is implemented as object oriented class models by using the C++ language in a PC environment. The resulting application can evaluate the interference, SIR(Signal to Interference Ratio), and capacity of a hierarchical cellular system in various configurations. Moreover, it can be used in other applications such as power control, call admission control, hand over scheme.

철도사고· 장애 및 사고복구를 위한 업무를 담당하는 철도 관제사의 우수한 인력을 양성하기 위한 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실기교육이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실기교육의 필요성과 관제 교육훈련 시간 및 해외 교육 시간 사례 등을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실기교육을 받은 교육생들의 설문조사 분석하여 실기교육의 개선 방향성을 제시하였다. 교육생 한 명당 시뮬레이터를 활용한 교육 시간은 약 128시간이 소요되며, 이는 철도안전법에서 규정한 운전, 신호, 선로전환기, 조작판의 취급업무 등을 포함하는 교육훈련 시간인 105시간보다 23시간이 짧아 시뮬레이터를 활용한 개인 교육 시간 확대가 필수적이다. 전 기능 모의관제 시스템(FTS) 1대당 교육생의 인원수를 낮추거나 교육장비를 늘려야 하는 방안과 컴퓨터 지원교육 시스템(CAI) 장비를 기본기능 모의관제 시스템(PTS) 개념으로 더욱 고도화하여 교육생들이 충분히 실기교육이 되어야 한다. 이런한 개선 사항으로 교육의 질이 향상되고 실전에서의 대처 능력으로 철도 사고 방지 및 철도 안전운행에 크게 기여 할 것이다.

Practical training with simulators is essential for developing skilled railroad controllers capable of managing railway accidents, malfunctions, and recovery operations. This study highlights the necessity of simulator-based training, compares international practices, and analyzes trainee feedback to enhance education quality. Findings suggest extending individual training time, as the current 105 hours mandated by the Railroad Safety Act is insufficient compared to the required 128 hours for effective training. It is also suggested that the number of trainees per full-function simulation control system (FTS) should be lowered or the number of system should be increased. In addition, the computer-aided education system (CAI) equipment should be further advanced to the concept of a basic function simulation control system (PTS), and thereby should provide sufficient time and qualified programs for trainees. It is expected that these improvements lead to enhance the quality of education and contribute significantly to the prevention of railway accidents and the safe operation of railroads, thereby fostering practical coping capabilities.

Each 3D visualization program has its own different structure as for the purpose. This paper describes the design and development of an on-line 3D core data visualization program, $RocDis^{TM}$, for the nuclear simulator. It is possible to analyze the inside of the core status including neutron flux, relative power, moderator and fuel temperature in 3D distribution. Some of other essential information, axial flux distribution etc. could also display in 2D graphs. This program would be design, tuning and training for the simulator core model.

원전 시뮬레이터의 노심모델(REMARK)은 원자로에서 발생하는 1차원 열원을 정확히 모사하고, 정상상태 및 과도상태의 반응도 변화에 따른 중성자속의 거동을 실제 원자로와 유사하게 모사할 수 있어야 한다. 모사의 정확성을 높이기 위해 Tuning 작업이 필수적이나 그 작업 단계가 매우 복잡하여 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하기 때문에 이를 간소화하면서 정확성을 높일 수 있는 Tuning 지원 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램의 사용결과 신속하고 정확한 Tuning이 가능하였다.

영광 원자력발전소 1호기가 16주기로 운전됨에 따라 훈련용 시뮬레이터의 입력자료 또한 16주기가 반영되어야 한다. 시뮬레이터의 여러 모델 중 노심모델(REMARK)에 필요한 입력자료는 Westinghouse의 핵 설계 코드체계인 APA 시스템의 Output에서 얻을 수 있으나 그 양이 방대하기 때문에 수작업을 통한 입력자료 생산은 큰 어려움을 갖는다. 따라서 이러한 작업을 수행할 프로그램 개발이 필수적이며 개발된 프로그램을 매 교체주기마다 적용하여 노심모델에 대한 원활한 입력상수 생산을 가능하게 할 수 있다.