Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 여행사가 서비스교육을 위해 제공하는 투입변인(서비스교육 프로그램, 교육지원)이 과정변인(목표, 교수자, 학습자, 내 용․환경)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 또한 이러한 과정변인들이 성과변인(비재무성과, 고객성과)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 서울․부산지역의 여행사에 근무하고 있는 직원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 260부를 배부하여 회수된 214부를 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 활용하여 다중회귀분석을 통해 변인 간의 인과관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 분석결과를 보면 교육지원과 서비스교육 프로그램은 과정변인(목표, 교수자, 학습자, 내용․환경)에 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 학습자, 내용․환경변인은 비재무성 과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 내용․환경, 교수자변인은 고객성과에 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 직원들은 그들의 조직이 제공하는 서비스교육이 중요하다고 인지하고 있으며 지속적인 서비스교육은 조직에 대한 직원의 만족감이 향상되고 직원이직률을 감소시 키는 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 또한, 서비스교육을 통해 신규고객을 확보할 수 있는 근거로서 여행사 직원과 고객과의 성공적인 접촉점 을 형성하는 데 도움이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the input variable, the influence on process variables, and the influence those variables have on performance variable within the travel agency. In all, 214 questionnaires collected from the employees who were working at travel agencies were returned out of 260 questionnaires distributed in Seoul and Busan. This study implemented multiple regression analysis to examine how employees perceive the service education provided by the organization utilizing the SPSS 25.0 program. The results of this study demonstrated that education support and service education programs were statistically significant in process variables(objective, teachers, learners, content․environment). It was found that learners, content․environment variables had an effect on non-financial performance, and content․environment and teachers variables were statistically significant in customer performance variables. Through this study, it was confirmed that continuous service education is an important factor in improving employee satisfaction and reducing employee turnover, and it is believed that it will help to form a successful contact point between travel agency employees and customers as the basis for attracting new customers in the field.

활성 슬러지 하수처리장의 주요 Process Control Variables인 Sludge age와 Sludge recycle올 고려하여 폐슬러지의 유량 ($Q_w$)을 효과적으로 결정하기 위한 두가지의 식이 개발되었다. 아울러 반송 슬러지의 일부를 폐슬러지로 배출할 경우에는 우선 순환비 (R)를, 포기조내의 활성슬러지의 일부를 폐슬러지로 배출할 경우에는 2차침전지의 슬러지 침전효율($S_f$)을 정확히 측정하여 개발된 식을 이용하면 폐슬러지의 유량을 용이하게 산정할 수 있다는 사실이 Sensitivity analysis의 결과로 밝혀졌다.

Two rational formulae depicting the relationships between sludge ages and recycle flow rates have been developed to determine sludge wasting volumes at a particular sludge age. A sensitivity analysis shows that the recycle ratio is the most important variable to be measured as accurately as possible in determining the sludge wasting volume to maintain a particular sludge age when the system is controlled by wasting recycled sludge. On the other hand, the final clarifier solids capturing capacity is the most important variable to be measured when the system is operated by wasting mixed liquor.

Rapid Prototyping(RP) techniques have their unique characteristics according to the working principles: stair-stepped surface of a part due to layer-by-layer stacking, low build speed caused by point-by-point or line-by-line solidification to build one layer, and additional posts processing to improve surface roughness, so high cost is required to introduce and to maintain the RP apparatus. The objective of this study is to develop a new RP process, Variable Lamination Manufacturing by using expandable polystyrene foam sheet as part material(VLM-S), and to design an apparatus for implementation of the process. So, the process parameters and design criterions of the apparatus were defined and the techniques were proposed to satisfy the design criterion. Based on the results, a knob-shape, pyramid shape. and a solid block were fabricated on the apparatus in which unit shape part(USP) was generated for building each layer.

The use of rapid prototyping (RP) has reduced time to market, cut total costs and improved product quality by giving design and manufacturing teams the opportunity to verify and fine tune designs before committing them to expensive tooling and fabrication. In order to improve their unique characteristics according to the working principles, Variable Lamination Manufacturing process (VLM-ST) and corresponding CAD/CAM software (VLM-Slicer) is developed. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of VLM-ST process, and it can be done by offset fur cutting error correction, cutting path overrun fur sharp edge and reference shape generation for off-line stacking. It has been shown that, through the verification experiments for given practical shapes, the proposed algorithms are effective for diverse categories of three-dimensional shapes.

In order to reduce the lead-time and cost, the technology of rapid prototyping (RP) has been widely used. However, RP technologies have disadvantageous characteristics according to their working principle: low building speed, high cost for introduction and maintenance of RP apparatus, stair-stepped surface and additional post processing. A new rapid prototyping process, as a transfer type of Variable Lamination Manufacturing by using expandable polystyrene room (VLM-ST), has been developed to reduce building lime. apparatus cost including the introduction and the maintenance and additional post-processing. The objective of this study is to propose a VLM-ST process and to develop an apparatus for implementation of the process. Design criteria of the apparatus are defined and the techniques arc proposed to satisfy the design criterion. In order to examine the efficiency and applicability of the developed process, various three-dimensional shapes, such as a world-cup logo. a knob shape, an extruded cross, a twisted shape, a character, Son-o-kong. a helical gear shaped and a scissor shape are fabricated on the apparatus in which unit shape layer (USL) was generated to build up each layer.

In all the Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques, the computer-aided design (CAD) model of a three-dimensional part is sliced into horizontal layers of uniform, but not necessarily constant, thickness in the building direction. Each cross- sectional layer is successively deposited and, at the same time, bonded onto the previous layer. The stacked layers form a physical part of the model. The objective of this study is to develop a software for automatic generation of unit shape part(USP) for a new RP process, Variable Lamination Manufacturing using the linear hotwire cutting technique and expandable polystyrene foam sheet as part material(VLM-S). In order to examine the applicability of the developed software to VLM-S, USPs of general three-dimensional shapes, such as an auto-shift lever knob and a pyramid shape were generated.

Rapid Prototyping(RP) techniques have their unique characteristics according to the working principles: stair-stepped surface of parts due to layer-by-layer stacking, low build speed caused by line-by-line solidification to build one layer, and additional post processing to improve surface roughness, so it is required very high cost to introduce and to maintain of RP apparatus. The objective of this study is to develop a new RP process, Variable Lamination Manufacturing using linear hotwire cutting technique and expandable polystyrene foam sheet as part material(VLM-S), and to investigate characteristics of part material, cutting characteristics by using linear hotwire cutting system and bonding. Experiments were carried out to investigate mechanical properties of part material such as anisotropy and directional tensile strength. In order to obtain optimal dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and reduced cutting time, addition experiments were performed to find the relationship between cutting speed and cutting offset of hotwire, and heat generation of hotwire per unit length. So, adhesion strength tests according to ASTM test procedure showed that delamination did not occur at bonded area. Based on the data, a clover-shape was fabricated using unit shape part(USP) it is generated hotwire cutting. The results of present study have been reflected on the enhancement of the VLM-S process and apparatus.

A conical roll-shaping process was proposed for fabrication of a metallic spiral blade applied to a small-scale wind turbine system. A spiral blade has continuously different curvatures, with a range of 100 to 350 mm radius. To fabricate this complex shape, we developed a conical roll-shaping process having two main conical rollers for feeding a blank sheet, and two cylindrical side rollers for control of local bending. For clear understanding of the process parameters, numerical analyses were conducted using a commercial code, Pam-Stamp. This study optimized the effects of process parameters, such as gap and angle between the main rollers and side rollers, and also the movement of side rollers. In order to increase the forming efficiency, a central rotation point was also calculated by the analytical approach. This developed rolling process can thus be utilized in a sheet metal forming process for obtaining spirally curved sheet metal shapes.

There and two important variables in machining process control, which are feed and cutting speed. It is possible to improve the machining accuracy and the productivity by maintaining the optimal feed and cutting speed. In this work, a controller is designed to achieve on-line cutting force control based on the modeling of cutting process dynamics established through step response test. Two schemes are proposed and implemented. The first is feed control under the constant spindle speed and the second is spindle speed control under the constant feed. Finally, both are proved to work properly through simulation and experimentation.

SUS hexagonal bar, which is manufactured by drawing process of SUS circular bar, have been widely used to make various adapters and fittings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and stability of variable roll unit including stand module. Stand module is essential part of variable roll unit. Structural analysis was performed to predict the stability of stand module using 3 loads (50, 75, 100 Ton), thus it may be of help to the manufacture of stand module. As the results, internal ring of bearing showed maximum equivalent stress, and moreover bearing, shaft and roller had to be preferentially considered in order to maintain its stability. In cases of 50 and 75 Ton, there were no problems for stabilities, respectively, on the other hand, problem for stability may occur in case of 100 Ton.

본 연구는 도덕적 판단과 금전욕구가 행동의도, 비윤리적 행위에 이르는 윤리적 의사결정 과정에서 조직변인인 지각된 윤리풍토와 조직공정성의 조절효과를 검증하기 위하여 실시되었다. 조사대상자는 부산의 P대학의 경영대학원 수강생 160명이며, SPSS 14.0 통계프로그램으로 분석하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 상관관계분석 그리고 가설 검증을 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해서 윤리적 의사결정 과정 중에서 도덕적 판단과 윤리적 행동 의도와의 개연성을 입증하였으며, 금전욕이 비윤리적 행동의도에 직접적 영향을, 지각된 윤리풍토와 조직공정성이 직․간접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구가 주는 함의는 조직구성원의 윤리적 의사결정에서 개인의 윤리철학을 기반으로 한 도덕적 판단이 행동의도를 조성하는데 가장 큰 영향을 미치지만, 조직의 윤리풍토와 조직공정성에 대한 구성원들의 지각에 따라 당면하는 윤리적 이슈에 대해서 의사결정을 달라질 수도 있다는 것이다. 따라서 조직의 리더는 올바른 윤리풍토를 조성하기 위해 노력하고, 조직구성원들이 윤리풍토를 통섭할 수 있도록 동기부여 해야 하며, 특히 분배와 절차공정성 보다 절차가 시행될 때 상사가 부하를 얼마나 공정하게 대우하는가에 대한 공정성인 상호작용공정성을 조직구성원들이 인식할 수 있도록 활발한 의사소통이 가능한 조직문화를 만드는데 기여해야 한다.

This study is conducted to clarify when a person faces an ethical dilemma in business situation, what affects on individual ethical decision-making(from ethical judgments to behavioral intention, nonethical behaviors) in the organizational context. especially, the present study examined the direct and indirect effects of love of money, individuals' perceptions of work climate, perceptions of organizational justice on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding an ethical dilemma. The subjects of the research were Pusan National University business school enrolled students(n=160). The research was substantiated through statistical analysis of credibility and validity, correlation, variance, and moderated regression analysis. The results indicated that, although perceived ethical climate dimensions did not have a direct effect on behavioral intentions, but had a direct effect on nonethical behaviors. Climates perceived as egoistic were significant moderating effects. and love of money had a direct effect on behavioral intention. Perceptions of organizational justice had a direct effect on behavioral intentions. Especially, interactional justice had a strong influence on ethical behavioral intentions than distributive justice and procedural justice. In depth discussion implications, limitations, and future research directions were supplied.

Address resolution is an important process in network communications. The primary function of address resolution is to determine the correspondence of a target network address to a physical address. The traditional address resolution process assumes that all the nodes on a network are honest and credible, and these nodes directly broadcast the resolution target address on the network. This process enables malicious nodes to easily mount attacks. We propose a reverse address resolution process with variable length prefix (called Re-AR) that obviates such attacks. According to the revelation principle, a node’s <IP, MAC> mapping can be viewed as a private type in the address resolution process. In our proposed process, after a node receives an address resolution request broadcast, it unicasts the private type to a positive resolve node that assigns the communication to the correct node according to a predetermined mechanism. Based on simulation results, when the destination address is hidden in the broadcast packets, malicious nodes cannot easily conduct spoofing attacks according to the destination addresses. This phenomenon effectively prevents spoofing and significantly reduces the pollution rate of address cache tables.

The reduction of the weight of a vehicle body to improve fuel efficiency has been garnering widespread interest in the automobile industry. As the use of lighter materials increases, the joint of the dissimilar materials becomes crucial to guarantee the rigidity of the vehicle body. Amongst the joining methods for various multi-materials, the flow drill screw (FDS) is a fastening method that can mechanically join two or more plates using fasteners at high speed with a one-sided approach. Several studies have been conducted on the FDS joint quality with process parameters. However, a majority of them are focused on similar aluminum combinations and joint quality with various rotation speeds and downforce. The monitoring data analysis for the FDS joint of 590DP Steel/AA5052 combination and its fastening quality with the various process variables has been investigated in this study. The downforce and feed rate affect the process time required for the penetration stage. The maximum temperature reached during the process decreases as the downforce and feed rate increase. In addition, the critical torque value must be satisfied to ensure a defect-free joint. The combination of the downforce, feed rate, and torque affect the size of the gap at the joint interface. A high torque value can reduce the gap in the final tightening step. However, the joint strength of the FDS did not show differences with the gap. All the joints failed the pull-out mode when the fastener was released from the lower aluminum sheet.

In order to overcome the errors caused by the subjective and random factors in the evaluation of the quality of recycled coarse aggregate (RA), and to ensure that a scientific and reasonable choice is made for its application field. In this paper, seven parameters of apparent density, porosity, soundness, crushing index, content of fine powder, content of clay lump and water absorption rate were used as comprehensive evaluation indicator of the quality grade of RA. The quality grade of RA was divided into four grades of disqualified, qualified, good and high quality. Analysis hierarchy process-gray variable weight clustering method was used for evaluation. The evaluation was divided into three steps, including: 1) weight calculation of the seven parameters by the method of analysis hierarchy process (AHP); 2) hierarchical classification by the method of grey variable weight clustering (GC); and 3) establishment of a quality evaluation method for RA. Then the scientificity of the evaluation method was tested with examples. The calculation results show that the evaluation method can provide theoretical support for the research on the quality grade of RA and has certain guiding significance.

A mixed model with a white noise process and an IMA(0,1,1) process is considered as a process model. It is assumed that the process is a white noise in the absence of a special cause and the process changes to an IMA(0,1,1) due to a special cause. One useful scheme in measuring the process level is to use the variable measurement interval (VMI) between measurement times according to the value of the previous chart statistic. The advantage of the VMI scheme is to measure the process level infrequently when in control to save the measurement cost and to measure frequently when out of control to save the off-target cost. This paper considers the VMI scheme in order to detect changes in the process model from a white noise to an IMA(0,1,1). The VMI scheme is shown to be effective compared to the standard fixed measurement interval (FMI) scheme in both statistical and economic contexts.

In this paper, we propose a new variable latency L1 data cache architecture for multi-core processors. Our proposed architecture extends the traditional variable latency cache to be geared toward the multi-core processors. We added a specialized data structure for recording the latency of the L1 data cache. Depending on the added latency to the L1 data cache, the value stored to the data structure is determined. It also tracks the remaining cycles of the L1 data cache which notifies data arrival to the reservation station in the core. As in the variable latency cache of the single-core architecture, our proposed architecture flexibly extends the cache access cycles considering process variation. The proposed cache architecture can reduce yield losses incurred by L1 cache access time failures to nearly 0%. Moreover, we quantitatively evaluate performance, power, energy consumption, power-delay product, and energy-delay product when increasing the number of cache access cycles.

A polymer-based planar-lightwave-circuit-type variable optical attenuator (VOA) was fabricated using a hot embossing process. With an optimized one-step embossing process, forty micro-channels for the guidance of light were defined on a polymer thin film with an accuracy of ${\pm}0.5{\mu}m$. The fabricated polymeric thermo-optic VOA shows 30 dB attenuation with 110 mW electrical input power at $1.55{\mu}m$. The rise and fall times are less than 5 ms.