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A total of 22 national parks have been designated in Korea including the Jiri-san National Park. There are 18 mountainous national parks and 4 marine and coastal national parks, which have complex geographical features respectively. In recent times, localized landslides have occurred mainly in national parks due to heavy rainfall and climate changes. Such landslides are a risk that causes not only the degradation of forests and natural resources, but also the damage to visitor’s activities, casualties and properties, it is necessary to approach from various perspectives for prevention. In other words, landslide is a very important factor in the conservation of natural resources and park management in national parks. Therefore, the Korea National Park Research Institute is studying about detailed status of landslides and monitoring to manage landslides. The purpose of research is aimed to 1) analyze status of landslides in 22 national parks, 2) formulate specific goals and 3) prepare application of results and follow-up management plan. Finally, we intend to establish systematic management plan for landslides in the national parks and to prepare ways for conserving natural resources.

Many forest insect pests and diseases including pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis), black pine bast scale (Matsucoccus thunbergianae), pine wilt disease, and oak wilt disease, have caused serious damage to Korean forest for several decades. For the control of forest insect pests and diseases, synthetic pesticides have been widely used. Although effective, their repeated use for several decades has caused several side effects including environmental and human health concerns, undesirable effects on nontarget organisms, and disruption of biological control by natural enemy. Many Researches have conducted in order to find new and safe type of control agents to reduce environmental and human health concerns. Insect pheromone could be a good candidate for this purpose. Insect pheromone is a chemical that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Until now, thousands of insect pheromone have been identified. These insect pheromone could be classified according to their role. Sex pheromone is usually released by female and attracts male for corpulation. Aggregation pheromone is common in bark and long horn beetles, and used for mass attack on their host plants. In this presentation, we introduce recent research on insect pheromone of tree insect pest in Korea. Field application of insect pheromoen for monitoring and control will be also discussed.

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2013. Among a total of 105 samples of 10 different kinds of herbs, 65 samples (10 Kinds) were domestic, and 40 samples (9 Kinds) were imported. To establish pesticide residues (Aldrin, BHC isomer, DDD, DDE, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipment was used with the gas chromatography-mass detector for qualitative analysis. The residual pesticides were not founded in both imported and domestic samples.

To monitor a relocated population and a natural population of Hynobius yangi, we applied drift fences and pitfall traps which were constructed around three artificial wetlands in the relocated population and one natural wetland in the natural population and counted the number of breeding salamanders and eggs during breeding seasons from 2006 to 2010. The number of adults entering to breeding sites was the greatest around the mid March and showed a positive relationship with the amounts of daily precipitation. The number of adults appeared in the relocated population showed no significant changes, whereas the number of adults in the natural population decreased gradually mostly by habitat loss and disturbance in the areas. The operational sex ratio in both breeding populations ranged from 0.7 to 1.9. The number of adults appeared in the breeding populations showed a negative relationship with the annual minimum temperature and the monthly mean temperature and precipitation during a winter period (from November to March). Our results suggest that up to date, the relocated population has maintained its size in the areas, but need to continuously pay attention to how the disturbed natural population affects the relocated population.

This article presents a methodology for the monitoring of air pollution. All over the world, the interest in the environment has been continuously increasing. Unfortunately, much of this interest is due to emerging problems, such as the greenhouse effect and climate change. For this reason, research into carbon dioxide, which causes the greenhouse effect, is progressing rapidly. This article presents a method of measuring the level of carbon dioxide and other substances in the air through the utilization of mobilenetworking base stations and measured data. First of all, sensors are attached at the appropriate position of the mobile-networking base stations. These sensors will measure the air quality in their respective positions, and send sensor data to an urban management center via network gateways and data-collecting systems. The measured data can be used for various purposes. In general, it can be used to measure the air quality, which can then be used as a basis for urban planning. The method described herein utilizes airpollution sensors that are attached to the base stations in different locations and at varying heights. The data obtained hereby will be applicable in many fields. At this time this is simply a methodology, however we hope that it will lead to a practical application.

Previously Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) was not the preferred choice for offshore monitoring in the oil and gas sector for many reasons such as reliability and security concern. Today, much has changed. Advances in reliability, security, and affordability within the constraints of frequency allocation now enable organizations to take full advantage of WSN for challenging industrial environments. In this paper, we propose an industrial pipe-rack safety monitoring system based on WSN, which uses the ISA100.11a standard for industrial field instruments. We designed and implemented the system, which consists of field nodes, field network gateways, and a control server, and evaluated its operation at large-scale petrochemical plants. The data obtained from WSN-based safety sensors show that the proposed system can continuously monitor and evaluate the structural stability of the pipe-rack, and provide risk management guidelines based on real-world measurements.

국립공원 내 지진 발생에 대한 대응방안을 마련하기 위하여 국립공원 내 지진 피해사례와 지진에 의한 피해 취약성과 지진 모니터링 실태를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 경주국립공원이 지진밀도가 높은 지역으로 확인되었으 며, 단석산지구의 대부분과 토함산지구의 50% 이상이 산사태위험지역 1~2등급지에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리 고 경주국립공원 내 지구별로 시·공간적 탐방집중도가 다양하게 나타남으로써, 지진 피해 취약성 조사가 경주국립공 원뿐만 아니라 모든 국립공원을 대상으로 하여 분석되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 7개 국립공원이 지진 조기경 보시스템에 적절한 관측소 조밀도 및 분포를 가진 것으로 나타났지만, 지진 조기경보시스템의 도입을 위해서는 더 많은 지진 관측소를 구축하여 지진관측 및 경보발령의 신뢰성을 확보하여야 할 것이다.

In order to establish basic data for the preparation of countermeasures for earthquake occurrence in korea national parks, we conducted an analysis o the cases of earthquake damage, their vulnerability and status of earthquake monitoring. As a result of analysis, Gyeongju national park is a region with high seismic density. It is found that most of Dansuksan district and more than 50% of Tohamsan district are classified as 1 to 2 grade of landslide prone-area. And as the concentration of time and space exploration varies from district to district in national park, it is suggested that the vulnerability of earthquake damage should be analyzed not only in Gyeongju national park but also in all national parks. On the other hand, it is found to have adequate station density and distribution for the early warning system of earthquake in 7 national parks, more seismic stations will have to be built to ensure the reliability of observation and alarm issuance in order to introduce an early warning system.

In this paper, we discuss the wireless sensor network technology for monitoring the gas storage tank and the gas container. In an environment in which small and medium-sized gas equipment has been installed, check the requirements for establishing a wireless sensor network, we discuss how to install the components of the network to link the wide area network and local network.

본 연구는 도시지역의 토지이용별 비점오염물질의 유출특성을 파악하고 적정 모니터링 횟수를 도출하고자 연구를 수 행하였다. 연구 조사지점은 도시지역 중 주거지역(13지점), 상업지역(8지점), 교통지역(9지점), 공업지역(11지점)으로 선정하였으며 지점에 따라 2008년부터 2016년까지 모니터링이 수행되었으며 총 632회의 강우사상에 대한 모니터링 결과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 상업지역의 경우 다른 토지이용에 비해 높은 유출률과 고농도의 오염물질이 유출되기에 다른 토지이용보다 비점오염원 관리시 우선적으로 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 토지이용별 연간 모니터링 횟 수를 산정한 결과, 공업지역의 경우 11~14회, 교통지역은 12~14회, 상업지역은 11~13회, 주거지역은 22~25회로 분 석되었다. 다년간 축적된 모니터링 자료를 이용하더라도 일부 오염물질 항목에서 높은 오차가 나타남에 따라 여전히 높은 확률의 불확실성이 존재하며 지속적인 모니터링 수행으로 오차를 줄이기 위한 모니터링 노하우 정립 및 데이터 축적이 요구된다.

This study investigated the runoff characteristics containing NPS pollutants in urban areas and estimated the optimal number of storm events to be monitored. 13 residential areas, 8 commercial areas, 9 transportation areas and 11 industrial areas were selected to be monitored located in urban areas. Monitoring was performed from 2008 to 2016 with a total of 632 rainfall events. As a result, it was found that commercial area needs priority NPS management compared to other landuses because the commercial area has high runoff coefficient and NPS pollutant EMC compared with other landuses. The annual monitoring frequency for each landuse was estimated to be 11 to 14 times for industrial area, 12 to 14 times for transportation area, 11 to 13 times for commercial area and 22 to 25 times for residential area. Even with the use of accumulated monitoring data for several years, there is still high probability of uncertainty due to high error in some pollutant items, and it is necessary to establish monitoring know-how and data accumulation to reduce errors by continuous monitoring.

데이터센터는 다양한 센서로부터 수많은 종류의 데이터를 수집하고 있으며 이러한 데이터는 데이터센터 모니터링시스템의 분석을 통해 센터의 효율 관리와 개선에 활용되고 있다. 최근에는 데이터센터의 대형화 추세에 따라 센서데이터 양이 폭발적으로 증가하고 모니터링 시스템은 대량의 실시간 스트리밍 데이터에 대한 분석 및 처리 방안이필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 데이터 발생시간인 이벤트 시간을 기반으로 한 대량의 스트리밍 센서데이터 처리 방안과 데이터양의 증가에 따른 처리 확장성(scalability) 제공 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이벤트 시간 기반스트리밍 처리를 위해서는 데이터 발생시간과 처리시간 사이의 시간 지연 문제가 해결되어야 하는데 이를 위해 필터링(filtering), 추가시간(slack time), 윈도우 더블링(window doubling), 조정시간(coordinate time) 등을 이용한 처리 방안을 제시한다. 또한 처리 확장성 제공 방안으로 분산 스트리밍 시스템을 활용한 모니터링 시스템 구축 방안을 제시하고 실험적 시스템 구현을 통해 그 효율과 성능을 분석한다.

A data center collects a very large volume of data from various kinds of sensors that is used by the data center monitoring system for the center’s efficiency management and improvement. As the recent trend of large size data center leads to the explosion of sensor data, the monitoring system requires streaming data processing to process and to analyze large volume of real-time data. This paper proposes an event time based real-time streaming processing model for large sensor data. The event time is the time when the data is generated at a sensor. This paper also presents a method to provide scalability of streaming data processing. For the event time based real-time streaming processing, a latency problem between data generation time and processing time should be resolved. We provide a solution based on filtering, slack time, window doubling and coordinate time methods. In order to provide the scalability, this paper builds an experimental monitoring system based on distributed streaming systems and shows an analysis of its performance and efficiency.

이 연구는 고등직업교육·훈련기관으로 전문대학 137개와 폴리텍 대학 34개 캠퍼스 전체, 일학습병 행제를 수행하는 7개의 일반대학을 대상으로 고등직업교육·훈련기관의 NCS 교육·훈련과정의 운영현 황, NQF 도입을 위한 기존 자격 인증 현황에 대해 분석하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 이 연구를 통 해 얻어진 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등직업교육·훈련기관의 NCS 교육·훈련과정의 운영현황을 분석한 결과, NCS를 운영하고 있는 학과는 15.5%였으며, 전문대학이 16.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. NCS와 능력단위의 활용빈도를 분석한 결과, 대부분의 학과에서 학과와 관련된 산업 특화된 기술·기능에 대한 NCS를 사용하여 교육 훈련을 진행함과 동시에, 교육훈련생의 경영, 서비스 마인드 등을 제고하기 위해 경영, 회계 등의 활용 이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 학습모듈의 경우에는 시각디자인, 의료 분야의 활용빈도가 높았으며, 현재 학 습모듈을 활용하고 있는 비율을 23.5%에 그쳤으나, 향후 사용할 예정이 36.5%로 학습모듈 활용을 준 비하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, NQF 도입을 위한 기존 자격 인증 현황에 대해 분석한 결과, 기존 자격제도를 통해 취득한 자격증의 인정범위 및 수준을 보면, 거의 대부분의 고등직업교육대학에서 자격 취득을 학점에 인정하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 선행학습, 일 경험에 대한 학점인정인 RPL(선행학습인 정)에 대한 인식이 낮은 것으로 보였다. 최근 구축되고 있는 신자격 체계에 대한 이해도 역시 전문대학 의 경우 평균 이하의 수준이었으며, 폴리텍대학은 평균보다 조금 높은 편이었으며, 실제 활용계획에 대 해서도 평균 이하의 낮은 수준이 나타났다. 따라서 NCS 교육·훈련과정의 활용을 높이기 위해서는 NCS 기반의 교수학습방법을 보급하고, 관련 교원의 연수를 확대하여 관련 인적자원의 역량을 증대시키 고, 시설 및 교육과정, 산업체의 연계 및 협력 체계 등을 구축하여 환경적 지원을 강화시켜야한다. 또 한, 지속적인 대국민 홍보, NCS 개발 및 업데이트를 통한 정부차원의 지원이 필요할 것으로 전망된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the current status of NCS education and training courses in VET institutes and the change of qualification system adoption to NQF. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we surveyed 137 university colleges, 34 Korea polytechnics and 7 universities which have joined in Korea Dual system called in Work-learning Dual system. First, As the analyzed result of the current status of NCS education and training courses in VET institute, only 15.5% departments have adopted to NCS. As the survey results of the frequency in use of NCS and Learning Module, Most departments tried to adopt to NCS with their own specific education courses. The highest frequency of NCS is about business and accounting. Also, The highest frequency of learning module is about visual design and health care. Comparing to the using frequency of NCS and Learning Module, the frequency of Learning modules was lower. However, 36.5% of departments have a plan to adopt the learning modules. Second, As the analyzed result of the change of qualification system, few departments gave credit for certificate. They did not think that there are important RPL, prerequisite learning and work experience before entered in university. Moreover, they do not have a plan to give a credit for these experiences. Finally, to disperse NCS-based on VET system, the government needs to have a plan for teachers’ training program for using NCS. Also, they have to promote NCS and update NCS system continuously .

Commercial solar plants typically have a PV monitoring system which sends the plant information to a data server on the internet. Plant owners are sometimes forced to use wireless internet access, such as GSM/GPRS, CDMA, 3G or satellite communication, even though they wants to use cheap wired internet access. This is because they install the plant in remote rural areas where low-price internet access(e.g. ADSL) is not available in order to save the installation cost. The rate of mobile communications frequently depends on the amount of sent data. Therefore it is important to reduce the data size in a PV monitoring system. This paper proposes a communication method to reduce the data size without compression algorithm or data loss using PV plant data characteristics.

도시고형폐기물(municipal solid waste, MSW) 중 플라스틱 폐기물은 환경에 존재하는 미세플라스틱(microplastics, MPs)의 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 소각시설과 매립시설 등 도시고형폐기물처리시설에서 MPs 발생에 대한 연구가 증가하 고 있으며, 이와 함께 도시고형폐기물처리시설 주변 환경의 MPs 오염에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소각시설과 매립시설이 함께 있는 국내 도시고형폐기물처리시설을 대상으로 MPs의 정기모니터링을 진행하였다. 이를 위해 2월부터 5월까지 매월 1회씩, 시설별로 소각 바닥재와 매립지 침출수(원수, 처리수)를 채취하였다. MPs 모니터링 결과, 소각시설의 소각 바닥재에서 477~794 items/kg의 MPs가 검출되었으며, 매립시설의 침출수 원수에서 0.22~0.41 items/L, 처리수에서 0.09~0.16 items/L가 검출되었다. 전반적으로 모든 시설에서 매월 MPs가 배출되는 것을 확인하였다. MSW 처리에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라, 이를 처리하는 도시고형폐기물처리시설에서 배출되는 MPs 발생량과 거동에 대한 장기적이고 체계적인 연구가 필요하다.

Plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the primary sources of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Research on the generation of MPs in municipal solid waste treatment facilities such as incineration facilities and landfill facilities is increasing, and interest in MPs pollution in the environment around municipal solid waste treatment facilities is also increasing. In this study, regular monitoring of MPs was conducted at a domestic municipal solid waste treatment facility that includes both incineration and landfill operations. From February to May, 2024, samples were collected once a month from incineration bottom ash and landfill leachate (raw and treated leachate) at each facility. The monitoring results showed that the incineration facility had MPs concentrations ranging from 477 to 794 items/kg in the incineration bottom ash. In the landfill facility, MPs were detected in the raw leachate at 0.22~0.41 items/L and in the treated leachate at 0.09~0.16 items/L. Overall, it was confirmed that MPs were emitted from all facilities on a monthly basis. With increasing attention to MSW management, long-term and systematic studies on the generation and behavior of MPs emitted from such facilities are essential.

사물인터넷의 국내외 주요 서비스 사례를 통하여 알 수 있듯이 종래 재난, 재해 등 공공 분야와 공장 자동화 등 기업 중심의 사례가 이제는 개인에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 B2C(Business to Consumer) 서비스가 확산되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 시점에서 사물인터넷(IoT) 기반 원격 제어 및 모니터링이 가능한 탐사로봇 설계를 위한 플랫폼과 부품, 그리고 네트워크 구성 방안에 대하여 제시하였다.

The trend of Internet of things are changed from public and examples of corporate center to B2C service. As you can see, through the practice of domestic and international services Internet of Things, conventional disaster, disasters, such as the case of the public sector, factory automation company now mainly direct B2C (Business to Consumer) services are affecting the individual has spread. In this paper we propose a method of platforms and components, and network configuration plan for exploration robot design based on remote control and monitoring system with IoT.

철도 교량과 같은 콘크리트 포장 구조물은 불투수성이 높아, 강우 시 건기 동안 축적된 비점오염물질이 단시간 내 대량 유출되는 특성을 가진다. 특히 철도 인프라에서는 이러한 유출수가 적절히 처리되지 않을 경우, 인근 수계로 직접 유입되어 수질 오염을 유발할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 철도 교량을 대상으로 한 비점오염 저감시설의 성능 분석 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 수도권 내 철도(지하철) 교량을 대상으로, 초기우수처리시설을 통한 오염물질 저감 효과를 정량적으로 평가하고자 수행되었다. 총 3회의 강우사상에 대해 유입수와 유출수의 유량가중평균농도(EMC)를 산정하고, BOD, COD, TOC, TSS, TN, TP 항목의 처리효율을 분석하였다. 그 결과 COD와 TP는 최대 100%, BOD와 TOC는 각각 최대 64.8%, 71.0%의 처리효율을 나타냈으며, TSS는 최소 10.4%로 편차가 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 철도 교량에서의 비점오염 저감시설 설치 필요성을 실증적으로 제시하며, 향후 관련 정책 수립 및 지속적인 성능 모니터링의 기반자료로 활용될 수 있다.

Concrete-paved railway bridges exhibit high imperviousness, causing the rapid discharge of accumulated non-point source pollutants during rainfall events. Without proper treatment, these pollutants are often directly discharged into nearby water bodies, raising concerns about water quality degradation. Despite this, few studies have assessed the pollutant removal performance of treatment facilities installed at railway infrastructure. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the removal efficiency of non-point source pollutants using BMP(Best management Practice) facility installed at a subway bridge in the metropolitan area. Three rainfall events were monitored to calculate the event mean concentration (EMC) of influent and effluent, focusing on BOD, COD, TOC, TSS, TN, and TP. The results showed removal efficiencies up to 100% for COD and TP, and up to 64.8% and 71.0% for BOD and TOC, respectively. However, TSS exhibited a wide range of removal efficiencies, from 10.4% to 57.8%, indicating the facility has sensitivity to rainfall characteristics. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the need for runoff treatment systems at railway bridges and offers foundational data for future policy development and long-term performance monitoring.