Earticle

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linguistic conditions for local and long-distance binding phenomena of three different kinds of Chinese reflexives. Chinese reflexives have attracted much attention from Chinese linguists since the introduction of Chomsky’s Binding Theory. Chinese has three basic reflexives: ziji, taziji, and ziji-benshen. Up to now the classical Binding Theory has been modified to account for a variety of Chinese binding phenomena. This paper aims to show the various aspects of local and long-distance binding phenomena. It is also concerned with whether three kinds of Chinese reflexives in embedded clauses can be long-distance bound, and under which environments are long-distance binding allowed for these three reflexives. The results of this paper show that three kinds of Chinese reflexives allow long-distance binding under different environments, respectively.

The current study re-examined Tensed S Condition (TSC) in its validity of demarcating local vs. long-distance binding and compared local vs. long-distance anaphors in Korean (i.e. caki-casin and caki). While Korean TSC-violating anaphors have been assumed to be core anaphors, this study hypothesizes that TSC-violating local anaphors are indeed exempt anaphors. 35 Korean native speakers were tested over an Acceptability Judgment Task combined with an Interpretation Task that is composed of 175 Korean sentences representing various binding conditions and Korean local and LD anaphors. The overall results showed that Korean native speakers treated TSC-violating anaphors more like exempt anaphors rather than core anaphors. In addition, TSC-violating LDA caki was not very different from TSC-violating caki-casin in its overall behaviors.

According to Binding Conditions A and B, anaphors and pronominals are in complementary distribution within a local domain. One of the fundamental questions about the Binding Conditions is how we can define the notion 'local domain'. Since Chomsky (2001, 2008) claimed that movement and the operation 'AGREE' are phase-bound, there have been many attempts to replace 'local domain' with 'phase'. After pointing out some problems with the previous phase-based approaches to binding such as Quicoli (2008) and Saito (2017, 2018a, 2018b), this study proposes that the local binding domain is a strong phase. Chomsky proposes that there are two types of vP: a strong vP and a weak vP, depending on whether or not v assigns an external theta role. By extending this idea to DP and CP, it is claimed that a phase is strong if the head of the phase discharges all the relevant features. The claim that the strong phase is the binding domain opens up the possibility that binding is an epiphenomenon that follows from ‘AGREE’ or movement.

ln order to develope anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids for local use without systemic side-effects, ester and amide derivatives of 20$\xi$-dihydroprednisolonic acid have been prepared. When binding affinities of these compounds to glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver cytosol were compared, all a-isomer at C-20 showed higher binding affinities than the corres¬ponding $\beta$-isomer. The size of the substituents at C-21 had significant influences on binding affinities, which were related with their lipophilicity.

The main goal of this paper is to shed light on the nature of plurality induced by the ?tul marker in Korean. To avoid the optionality issue with common nouns, we concentrate on local binding relations between a plural antecedent and caki(-tul): For the first, it is discussed that (i) the co-valuation between the antecedent-reflexive pair can be satisfied differently according to the way in which the number is interpreted: e.g., singularity vs. plurality (collectivity, cumulativity or distributivity), thereby (ii) the resulting interpretation can vary: e.g., reflexive, reciprocal, or a mix.　Given this, we specify what this means for a number mismatch in local binding relations; a plural-singular mismatch can be allowed only if the distributive reading is forced. Taken together, it is demonstrated that unlike the previous analyses argued, the plurality conveyed in the ?tul marker cannot be confined to the distributivity or anti-collectivity. Lastly, caki and the mandarin Chinese ziji are briefly compared to reveal a novel contrast in a pronominal paradigm in terms of the number marking.

유전자의 발현은 전사인자와 전사인자 결합부위의 결함에 의해 조절된다. 따라서 이러한 결합부위를 예측하는 것은 유전학 분야에서 중요한 이슈이다. 본 논문에서는 접미사 배열을 이용하여 전사인자가 결합할 것으로 예상되는 DNA 서열들의 공통서열을 추출하고, 이를 다시 입력 서열과 부분 정렬을 수행함으로써 전사인자가 결합하는 부위를 예측하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 그리고 알려진 전사인자 결합부위를 가진 데이터로 실험한 결과를 통해 제시된 추출 방법의 성능에 대하여 논의한다.

本研究は, 農山村地域が地域活性化のために実施しているグリーンツーリズム等の交流型ビジネスの成果を踏まえた上で, 当該ビジネスの目的が, 入込み客の拡大がもたらす収入確保からコミュニティ機能の再生・強化へと移り変わっていくプロセスを, 事例分析を通して明らかにすることを課題としている．そのために, 過疎山村の活性化へ向けて様々な取組みを行ってきた宮崎県西米良村を事例として取り上げている．西米良村の地域活性化に関わる諸ビジネスは第三セクターが地域住民の自発的参加を促しながら運営してきた．ところが、近年は, 地域活性化の新しい方向として, これまで第三セクターによって管理されてきた地域活性化関連の事業を, 当該地区の住民らによる自主管理へ移行させている．このような西米良村の地域自立戦略に見るコミュニティと交流型ビジネスを結合方式は, 公共事業の縮小や財政健全化の課題を抱えながら、コミュニティの再生に取り組んでいる多くの農山漁村に大きな示唆を与えるものである．

헌법재판소는 2000헌라2결정에서 국가지형도상의 해상경계선을 근거로 아산만 해역에 대하여 그 경계선남측 해역을 당진군의 관할로 하면서 매립된 토지도 당진군의 관할로 인정하였다. 2009년에 지방자치법이개정되어, 공유수면 경계 및 관할구역 결정은 지방자치단체 중앙분쟁조정위원회의 심의･의결에 따라 행정자치부장관이 결정하도록 하는 규정이 마련되었다. 행정자치부장관은 지방자치법 개정 이후에 등록된 매립지에 대하여 종전에 헌법재판소가 당진시의 관할로 결정한 제방을 경계로 제방 위쪽 부분은 당진시로, 제방 아래쪽 부분은 평택시로 귀속시키는 결정을 하였다. 중분위와 행정자치부장관의 관할 결정은 헌법재판소의 기속력을 고려하여 지방자치법 개정 이후에 등록된 매립지만을 대상으로 하고 있으나, 그 결정은 헌법재판소의 선례변경 전에 이루어졌고, 결정 당시에 헌법재판소는 지형도상의 해상경계선을 공유수면 및그 매립지의 관할을 구분하는 기준으로 보고 있었다. 따라서 중분위와 행정자치부장관의 결정은 헌법재판소 결정의 기속력에 반하는 결정으로 볼 수 있다. 그런데 그 이후 헌법재판소도 종래 관습법적 효력을 인정했던 공유수면에 대한 해상경계선 관할 구분기준을 폐기하였다. 헌법재판소의 선례변경으로 공유수면의 경계와 매립지의 관할획정에 관한 문제는 다른 양상으로 전개되었다. 개정 지방자치법에서는 공유수면의 경계와 매립지의 관할 획정권한을 행정자치부장관과 대법원에 부여하고 있다. 헌법재판소는 공유수면 관할획정에 관한 해상경계선 구분 기준은 폐기하였으나, 관할에 관한 다툼이 있는 경우 관할획정 권한은 여전히 헌법재판소가 보유한다고 결정하였다. 생각건대, 공유수면의 관할 결정은 법률해석이 아닌 사실인정에관한 문제이며, 그러한 결정으로 헌법이나 법률에서 정하고 있는 지방자치단체의 권한에 대한 제한이나 침해 문제를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 헌법재판소의 관할로 하는 것이 바람직하다.

The decision on competence dispute by the Constitutional Court shall bind all state agencies and local governments (Article 67 Section 1 of the Constitutional Court). The binding effect of the Constitutional Court's decisions impose on all government that they should have duties to respect the Court's decision and not to do the same conduct in the same circumstances. The binding effect of the Court's is deemed to be under a constitutional obligation to respect a decision and to remove the unconstitutional and illegal elements in his or her own activity. In a competence dispute over the jurisdictional authority between two local governments over the embankment built for the construction of the harbor in the ocean(2000 Hun-Ra 2), the Constitutional Court held that the right to local self-government of the autonomous local government guaranteed under Section 1 of Article 117 of the Constitution includes the authority to exercise its self-government right within its jurisdictional area, the self-governing authority of the local government exists over the public waters, therefore Dangjin-gun has the jurisdictional authority over the area located between the above two local governments on grounding that there exists an administrative custom recognizing the maritime demarcation on the topographical map published by the National Geography Institute. In 2009, the Local Government Act is provided that the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, passing the deliberation and decision of the Local Government Dispute Mediation Committee, could have a decision authority on the reclaimed land which was made by filling up public waters and the boundary, was amended. If there is a dissent on the decision of the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, the Supreme Court could have a decision authority on this issue under Section 8, 9 Article 4 of the Local Government Act. In 2015, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs have decided the jurisdictional authority over the reclaimed land which was made by filling up public waters since the amendment of the Local Government Act, located between the above two local governments, differently in the decision of the Constitutional Court. There has been a dispute continuously the issues about whether the decision of the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs would be against the binding effect of the decision of the Constitutional Court. Also there is a problem which has the jurisdictional authority on the reclaimed land by filling up public waters and the boundary, the Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court. It brings the conflict about the duties and authorities between the local governments by the jurisdictional decision on the boundary of public waters. In conclusion, it is reasonable that the Constitutional Court should have the jurisdictional authority on the boundary of public waters under Article 111 Section 1 of the Constitution.