Earticle

The purpose of this study is to examine EonHae translation process and related organizations as a cooperative translation creation process and a shared knowledge ground in Joseon era. The EonHae translation process involved various members such as monks, Confucian scholars, royal families and officers including women. They were not only those who had a good understanding of Buddhist scriptures and Confucian books, but also those who had participated in the publication of IDu translations and Hangeul creation in the past. They shared their own translation experience and knowledge, and shared their works in the translation process. Through this efficient cooperation process and sharing of knowledge, various translation books can be created in a short period of time. Publishing agencies for Eonhae translation books are classified according to the kinds of translations. Buddhist scriptures were published in GanGyeongDoGam, and in case of Confucian scriptures, GyoJeongCheong and GyoHwaSeo were published respectively in ChanJipCheong. The Hangeul translation books in Joseon era were published until the 16th century, centered on the center agencies such as the above institutions. Since then, various translation books were published centered on private sector and individuals. The spread of EonHae also reduced the influence and work of these institutions, but there are still a few suggestions to show the efforts of central government in the spread of EonHae and the development of EonHae translation.

As global competition is increasing and enterprise environment is rapidly changing in the aftermath of the development of information and communications, many companies have recognized the necessity to sustain innovation. To enable such innovation activities, many companies are trying to utilize startups' entrepreneurial culture in order to quickly adjust to the changes and enter new markets. 'Entrepreneurial orientation' is recognized as a decision making strategy of entrepreneurship in existing companies. Many prior studies have proven that entrepreneurial orientation has positive influence on companies' performance. Based on the 5 dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy), this study aims to examine how their influence on companies' performance changes in accordance with the change in the flow of 'knowledge', knowledge creation process and open innovation, taking as moderating variables. Knowledge creation process, a circulation of new knowledge in a organization, is composed of 'socialization', 'externalization', 'internalization' and 'combination'. Open innovation is a paradigm in which firms should use external ideas and resources to innovate with partners by sharing risk and rewards. Using survey data from Korean small and medium enterprises(SMEs), the result of our analysis is as follows. First, entrepreneurial orientation influenced companies' performance positively as previous studies have shown. In terms of subordinate dimensions, innovativeness and proactiveness proved to be positively related to companies' performance. Second, knowledge creation process had beneficial influence on proactiveness. Third, open innovation had a positive moderating effect on proactiveness and a negative one on innovativeness. The results of our study show that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions can change independently and that companies wishing to improve their performance through strengthening entrepreneurial orientation can gain understanding on what they need to focus on. Except for proactiveness, knowledge creation process proved not to be statistically a significant moderating factor. That means that the role of knowledge in Korean firms are still limited and most of Korean SMEs are focusing on short term innovation activities such as cost saving, growing productivity, etc. In case of open innovation, previous study has shown that active innovative activities with external resources negatively influence the internal innovative activities in an organization, Therefore two kinds of innovative activities can be inconsistent with each other in the firms that has limited resource. On the other hand, as proactiveness has a strong relationship on entering new markets and searching new opportunities, it appears that it needs to use external resource and ideas for doing that effectively. We were able to confirm that proactive enterprises wishing to catch new opportunities and advance into new market need to create and share knowledge internally, and to cooperate with external sources in order to improve performance.

최근 창작 교육은 직접 스토리를 창작하며 실제적인 맥락에서의 문제해결 활동을 강조하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전문가의 실제 스토리 창작과정을 분석하여 이를 기반으로 하되 지식창출 기법을 활용하여, 학습자들에게 내면화되어 있던 세계관 및 지식 등을 사회화하고 이를 통합하여 형식지로 표현하게 하는 구체적인 프로세스를 도출하였다. 지식창출 이론을 활용한 이와 같은 프로세스는 교수자가 지원해야 할 사항들, 예를 들면 인지갈등을 유발할 수 있는 은유적 자료 제시, 대화를 통한 아이디어 공유, 아이디어 수렴을 위한 토론 도구 등을 활용하여 스토리 창작과정을 체계적으로 지원할 수 있도록 한다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 교육적 의의를 가진다. 첫째, 스토리 창작 프로세스는 지식의 전달이 아닌 학습자의 스토리 창작의 실제 수행과정을 안내하고 그것을 촉진하는 방법을 제시한다. 둘째, 스토리 창작 프로세스는 학습자의 실제적인 스토리 창작 과정을 안내함과 동시에 이를 통해 스토리 창작의 직접적인 성과물을 창출하도록 지원한다. 셋째, 스토리 창작의 전문가와의 인터뷰를 통해 스토리 창작 핵심활동을 추출하였다. 넷째,사용자 테스트를 통해 학습자와 교수자의 피드백을 종합하여 창작이론과 교육이론을 기반으로 한 문헌 연구를 보완하는 스토리 창작 연구 내용을 제시하였다.

This study aims at exploratory story writing teaching Process by analyzingAuthors‘ story writing processes. To draw out key activities of storywriting through literature analysis, interviews with experts. The result ofresearch draw story writing processes from writers‘ story writing withknowledge creation theory. According to the study these story writingprocesses help students to want writing story can express explicit knowledgethrough Externalization, Socialization and Combination. And theseprocesses lead teachers or facilitators to do, such as offering figurativelanguage that may cause cognitive conflicts, sharing of ideas through dialogue,using the discussion tools for diffusion or convergence Ideas.

본 연구는 실천학습과 지식창조이론의 공통 기반이 되는 구성주의 이론이 처방이론에 주는 시사점을 밝히고, 실천학습과 지식창조이론의 학습원리를 비교 분석한 후, 실천학습에서 구성원들의 문제에 대한 내재적 학습을 중심으로 지식창조를 이끌 수 있는 학습 환경의 설계 원리를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 2015년 12월부터 2016년 6월까지 실천학습 프로그램을 운영하는 서울 소재 H대학교 ‘H학술타운’ 프로그램의 40팀의 문헌자료를 살펴보고, 참여경험이 있는 6명의 학생들을 선정해 심층인터뷰 하였으며, 진행 중에 있는 1개의 팀을 선정하여 참여관찰 후 분석하였다. 본 논문은 구성주의의 공통 토대를 기반으로 실천학습의 프로세스에서 지식창조모델을 통합하여 대학교육에서의 문제해결 능력향상을 위한 새로운 처방 논리를 제공하였다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있으며, 질적 연구를 통해 지식창조 각 단계별 어떤 환경적 지원이 필요한지에 대한 구체적 사례를 제시한다는 점에서 실제적 의의가 있다.

This research suggests the implications that are given from constructivism to prescription theory which are common base of action learning and knowledge creating theory. Designing principle of learning environment has been researched which can lead knowledge creation focused on the internalized learning about components of action learning, after comparing and contrasting the learning principle between the action learning and knowledge creation theory. For this, this thesis used the qualitative case study method based on the grounded theory at both aspects of individual and team whether learning has been done or not in action learning. This thesis is theoretically important that new prescription logic for improving problem solving ability in university education is provided by integrating action learning process and knowledge creating model based on the common foundation of constructivism. It is also practically signigicant that specific case is given which environmental aid is needed for creating the knowledge by having qualitative research.

최근 데이터와 데이터베이스의 폭발적 증가에 따라 무한한 데이터 속에서 정보나 지식을 찾고자하는 지식채굴과정(Knowledge discovery process)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히 기업 내외부 데이터베이스 뿐만 아니라 데이터웨어하우스(data warehouse)를 기반으로 하는 OLAP 환경에서의 데이터와 인터넷을 통한 웹(web)에서의 정보 등 정보원의 다양화와 첨단화에 따라 다양한 환경 하에서의 지식 채굴과정이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷 상의 지식을 효과적으로 채굴하기 위한 지식채굴과정을 제안한다. 제안된 지식채굴과정은 명시지(explicit knowledge)외에 암묵지(tacit knowledge)를 지식채굴과정에 반영하기 위해 선행지식베이스(prior knowledge base)와 선행지식관리시스템(prior knowledge management system)을 이용한다. 선행지식관리시스템은 퍼지인식도(fuzzy cognitive map)를 이용하여 선행지식베이스를 구축하여 이를 통해 웹에서 찾고자 하는 유용한 정보를 정의하고 추출된 정보를 지식변환시스템(knowledge transformation system)을 통해 통합적인 추론과정에 사용할 수 있는 형태로 변환한다. 제안된 연구모형의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 재무자료에 선행지식을 제외한 자료와 선행지식을 포함한 자료를 사례기반추론 (case-based reasoning)을 이용하여 실험한 결과, 제안된 지식채굴과정이 유용한 것으로 나타났다.