Earticle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an intervention program for supporting students' self-regulated learning (SRL) skills in web-based listening activities on students' listening strategies and motivation. Fifty-eight Korean university students were divided into two groups for this study. The experimental group was asked to keep self-reflection reports before and after listening practice. The intervention program consisted of monitoring the students’ self-directed WBL activities with the self-reflection reports. Before and after treatment with the intervention program, students in both groups completed the TOEIC test and a listening strategy questionnaire. They also completed a motivation and attitude questionnaire (MAQ). Related to the effects of different self-directed WBL activities, the participants in the experimental group showed a significant increase on the use of metacognitive strategies. For this reason, the finding means that they could be taught self-regulating strategies through an intervention program and encouraged to plan, monitor, evaluate and reflect on the learning processes. After the participants finished the intervention program, there were statistically significant improvements in the mean scores in three out of four of the MAQ scales. It means that they became more responsible for their own learning, more intrinsically motivated and believed that their efforts to learn made a difference in their learning and led to positive outcomes. With regard to the relationship between strategy use and motivation, it was found that the more self-efficacy, intrinsic goal orientation and control of learning belief, the stronger the positive correlations with the cognitive and metacognitive listening strategy use. This study implies motivation and strategy use can be promoted with scaffolding students' metacognitive self-regulation by providing them with timely, honest, and explicit feedback in collaborative environment amongst peer learners.

본 연구는 사물악기를 매개로 한 중재 연구의 프로그램을 분석하여 사물악기를 활용 양상 을 파악하고 기술된 논거를 고찰하여 문제점을 파악하고 개선점을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 1998년 이후 국내에서 발표된 연구 가운데 진단명이 있는 대상자를 위한 중재 연구 총 25편의 논문을 선정하고 전반적인 특성과 악기 사용 유형, 장단 선택과 장단 제시 방법, 순서를 파악하였다. 이후 9편을 재선정하여 논거 기술 내용을 분석하였다. 사물악기를 이용한 중재 연구는 지적장애, ADHD, 자폐스펙트럼 장애, 뇌성마비, 중독, 다운증후군, 시각 ㆍ청각 장애가 있는 대상자의 신체적, 언어적, 정서ㆍ행동적, 사회적, 인지적 향상과 변화를 목적으로 수행되었다. 프로그램은 악기연주뿐 아니라 노래와 놀이, 신체 표현 활동을 포함하 는 다양한 내용으로 구성되었고, 장단은 굿거리장단과 자진모리장단과 세마치장단과 휘모리 장단이, 악곡은 영남사물놀이가 주로 선택되었다. 기술된 논거는 악기 관련 특성, 연주 방식 의 특성, 정서 경험으로 분류되었다. 이와 같은 분석을 통해 사물악기를 이용한 중재 연구가 지적장애 대상자와 인지 변인에 치우쳐 있고, 프로그램에 쓰인 장단의 종류와 가락의 형태가 제한적이며 연구자가 장단을 제시할 때 대상자나 변인이 아닌 장단의 속도가 기준이 되는 점, 중재 프로그램을 구성할 때 제시해야 하는 근거의 빈약함이 문제점으로 파악되었다. 따 라서 사물악기를 이용한 중재 연구 프로그램을 계획할 때 장단 선택의 범위를 넓히고 활동 유형과 기법의 다양화가 가능한 민속음악의 특성을 고려하기를 제안하였다. 또한 사물악기와 장단, 악기연주가 갖는 치료적 요소에 관한 객관적이고 과학적 근거를 탐색하여 이론적 토대 를 갖추기를 제안하였다. 본 연구는 사물악기를 사용한 중재 연구의 프로그램과 근거를 고찰 하여 문제점을 진단하였고 향후 연구에 참고할만한 의견을 제시하였음에 의의가 있다.

In this study, the intervention research program using Samul as the medium is analyzed to present Samul’s usage patterns and identify the stated rationale. Based on the outcome of the study, the problems of intervention research are discussed, and possible improvements are suggested. To this end, a total of 25 intervention studies for subjects with a diagnosis were selected from the studies published in Korea since 1998, and the overall characteristics, patterns of musical instruments use, Jangdan selection, and the method and sequence of Jangdan presentation were identified. After that, 9 studies were re-selected, and the content of the rationale described was analyzed. The Intervention studies using Samul instruments were conducted for subjects with intellectual disability, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, addiction, Down’s syndrome, and visual/hearing impairments to improve their physical, linguistic, emotional/behavioral, social, and cognitive abilities. The program consisted of various contents, including not only playing musical instruments but also singing, playing, and physical activities. Gutgeori Jangdan, Jajinmori Jangdan, Semachi Jangdan, Hwimori Jangdan, and Yeongnam Samulnori were mainly selected to support the program. The stated rationale was classified into musical instrument-related characteristics, performance style characteristics, and emotional experiences. The problem identified through the analysis is that the study was biased towards subjects with intellectual disabilities and cognitive variables. Other issues discovered are that the types and rhythm patterns of Jangdan used in the program were limited, and the speed of Jangdan, not the subject or variable, was the standard when the researcher presented the rhythm. In addition, the lack of rationale to be shown when composing the intervention program was also identified as a problem. Thus, when planning an intervention research program using Samul, it is proposed to consider the characteristics of folk music that allow diversification of activity types and techniques and the range of Jangdan selection. It is also proposed to establish a theoretical foundation by exploring the objective and scientific basis for the therapeutic elements of the musical instruments, which are Jangdan, and Samul. This study is valuable as it diagnoses problems by examining the program and evidence of intervention studies using Samul and suggests opinions that can be referenced for future research.

본 연구의 목적은 성폭력가해자를 대상으로 한 개입 프로그램의 연구동향을 분석하여, 개입 프로그램의 현황을 살펴보고 향후 연구방향에 대한 설정과 발전적인 연구방안을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 1999년부터 2017년까지 발표된 학위논문 15편과 학술지논문 34편을 대상으로 연구시기, 게재 학술지, 연구대상, 연구방법, 개발여부, 주제, 운영, 효과성 요인으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 연도별로는 2006년도를 기점으로 연구가 증가하기 시작하여 2014년도에 가장 많이 이루어졌으며, 학술지별로는 교정‧보호관찰 분야(41.2%)에 가장 많이 게재되었다. 연구대상자별로는 보호관찰대상자(44.9%)와 교도소수형자(38.8%)를 대상으로 한 연구가 많았으며, 성별로는 남자대상의 연구가 98%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 연구 설계별로는 단일집단 사전‧사후검사 설계가 53.1%로 과반수이상으로 현저히 많이 사용되었고, 자료처리는 양적 분석(53.1%), 혼합 분석(32.7%), 질적 분석(14.3%) 순으로 많이 사용되었다. 프로그램 개발여부별로는 새롭게 개발된 프로그램이 40.8%로 공인된 프로그램을 적용하거나 재구성한 연구보다 많았으며, 프로그램의 주제별로는 인지행동치료 개입 프로그램이 24.5%로 가장 많았다. 프로그램 운영에 따른 분석결과를 살펴보면, 형태별로는 폐쇄형으로 운영된 집단이 48%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 진행자 구성별로는 주진행자와 보조진행자가 함께 구성된 비율이 71.4%로 현저하게 높았고, 주진행자로만 구성된 비율은 14.3%였다. 집단크기별로는 6-10명 이하가 57.1%로 과반수이상을 차지하였고, 회기당 운영시간별로는 90분 초과에서 120분 이하가 46.9%로 가장 많았다. 끝으로 효과성 요인별로는 인지적 왜곡‧비합리적 신념의 수정(26.4%)이 가장 많았는데, 특히 강간통념이 낮아진 연구가 많았다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 논의와 후속 연구에 대한 제안이 이루어 졌다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends on intervention programs for sex offender, in order to examine the current status of intervention programs and to set up future research direction. For the purpose, this study analyzed 15 theses and 34 journal articles from 1999 to 2017 which were classified into the following criteria: research time, publication journal, research subject, research method, development status, subject, operation and effectiveness factor. The main results were as follows. First, the research studies started to increase from 2006, and there were the most in 2014, and the most frequently published journal was 'correctional and probation field'(41.2%). In terms of the participants, there were many articles on probation(44.9%) and prison sentence(38.8%), and in terms of gender, articles of male subjects occupied the majority(87%). In terms of research design, 53.1% of one-group pretest-posttest design were used more the half of them. In terms of data analysis method, quantitative analysis(53.1%) was used the most, followed by mixed analysis(32.7%) and qualitative analysis(14.3%). In terms of program development, the newly developed program(40.8%) was more than the programs that were approved or restructured, and in terms of theory, cognitive behavior therapy intervention programs were the most frequent with 24.5%. In terms of program operation type, most of them were closed-type group(48%). In terms of group leader composition, the ratio of the main and auxiliary leaders together was remarkably high at 71.4% and the ratio of only the main host was 14.3%. In terms of group size, less than 6-10 persons accounted for more than half of 57.1%, and in terms of operation time per session, the most were those with more than 90 minutes and less than 120 minutes with 46.9%. Finally, in terms of effectiveness factor, cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs(26.4%) were the most frequent, in particular, there were many articles that lowered rape myths. Based on the results of this study, implications were discussed and further research studies were suggested.

Since areas of pain and dysfunction of musculoskeletal typically suffered by the patients with back disorders spread all over the body, WBIP(GCM Program) for the primary treatment and management is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze if WBIP(GCM Program) based on the hyper/hypomobility pattern of Four Body Types can identify the effective treatment of back disorders and the effect on the postural balanced restoration of the spine and extremities. Non-specific back disorder is still a major reason for sick leave. And moreover, its been reported that there was often recurrence to the patients whose symptom had been diminished. As a WBIP(GCM Program) based on kinematic chain patterns of Four Body Types, this study gave a new information on the effective diagnosis, treatment and management of non-specific back disorders. 337 patients above the twenty-five years old with the non-specific back disorders at the hospital and oriental medical clinics at Kyungnam and Busan areas in South Korea from August 24th, 2000 to Feb 23rd, 2001 have randomly been assigned to four experimental groups such as Whole Body Intervention Program Group, Physical Therapy Group like modality treatments, Acupuncture-Treatment Group, and Placebo Control Group. According to intervention program applied to the each four group for three times per week(twelve times per 4weeks), as the time-series methods, we compared and evaluated the body status of the pretest with that of post treatment completion of four week, three month, and six month, respectively. As the analytical method of measurement, our researchers used the Moire Interferometry Unit and Postural Kit that could measure the postural balance of spine and extremities. The collection of data was performed in the designated hospital and oriental medical clinics. For the analysis of the data, the SPSS 10.0 package program was used. X2-test has been taken in order to compare and analyze characteristics and GPES of the patients in four experimental groups. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test has been adopted in order to compare the effects of the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities among four Groups categorized for this study. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level of confidence The effect of the balanced restoration on the spine and extremities of the patients with non-specific back disorders has been proved in all of the Groups. As for the restoration degree, however, WBIP(GCM Program) Group produced the highest effectiveness in terms of the fact that it had a dense moire in comparison with the other three Groups and that the Moires of both sides had the same level by the time(p<0.01). WBIP(GCM Program) based on four tilting types of scapular and ilium and hyper/hypomobility pattern took a higher effect on the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities through a whole body as well as the treatment of back disorders than the other three Groups which the usual remedy without classification of body type had been applied to.

Purpose. This study was designed to examine the effects of a bereavement intervention program on levels of depression and life satisfaction in middle aged widows in Korea. Methods. A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control-group pretest-posttest was used. The subjects (control group, n = 10; intervention group, n = 17) were bereaved less than 6 months in G City and J Province, Korea. The bereavement intervention program consisted of Dan-jeon breathing, self-help group activities and a health examination. The experimental group attended 10 sessions of a bereavement intervention program. The control group had a health examination without the intervention program. For both groups, the level of depression and life satisfaction levels were measured before and after the experiment. Results. The decrement of depression level in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (p <.001). The increment in life satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (p <.001). Conclusion. The results suggested that the bereavement intervention program was effective in decreasing level of depression and in increasing the life satisfaction of widows. Accordingly, a bereavement intervention program can be applied as an intervention to help widows.

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to examine the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention program combining pelvic floor muscle exercise with bladder training for urinary incontinence and also to conduct follow-up assessment after self-training. Methods. This study was conducted using a non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 60 middle-aged women(control group, n=30; intervention group, n=30) who experienced an episode of urinary incontinence at least once a week. The program was run over a 4 week period (once a week) and composed of urinary incontinence education, pelvic floor muscle exercise, and bladder training. Results. Overall, there was a significant difference in urinary incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being related to urinary incontinence between the treatment and control group. Of the variables, weekly leakage frequencies, leakage amounts on each occasion, leakage index, frequencies of nocturia, and quality of life were significantly different between the groups. Follow-up assessment (9th week) indicated that overall incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly different between the posttest and follow-up assessments. Most variables of incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly improved at follow-up assessment versus posttest. Conclusions. The program was voerall effective in terms of relieving symptoms and improving psych-social well-being related to urinary incontinence, and this effect continued after a 4-weeks self-training period. In the respect that this is a community-based application study, the results can be meaningful and applicable.

Purpose: Education on infant safe sleep practices has been known to reduce the risk of sleep-related sudden unexpected infant death. Since sleep environments may vary across sociocultural contexts, infant safe sleep education needs to reflect specific sociocultural settings. This study aimed to develop an educational Protocol for Infant Safe Sleep (PISS) for primary caregivers in Korea that considers parenting behaviors and cultural characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted in three key methodological steps: (1) retrieval, de- fining, and systematic classification of PISS content; (2) the structural formulation of the content as an educational protocol; and (3) content validation. For the first step, a literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of educational materials from institution websites related to infant safe sleep and online parenting communities. Field observations were also conducted to identify relevant Korean culture characteristics. Based on these findings, the PISS was developed. Content validity index was assessed by six professionals, and the results were reflected into the educational program. Results: The PISS intervention provided an educational video and booklet and enhanced learning via phone counseling and educational kit, which comprised an illustrated safe sleep sticker and a calendar-style activity diary. The educational content consisted of (1) sleep location, (2) sleep position, (3) bedding, (4) clothes and temperature, and (5) other considerations. Conclusion: This study developed the PISS, an intangible educational intervention based on Korean sociocultural characteristics and specific guidelines for primary caregivers. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this program in promoting safe sleep practices.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Multicomponent Intervention Program for Preventing Delirium (MIPPD) on the incidence of delirium, self-extubation or self-removal of the catheter, and length of stay among elderly patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest non-synchronized design to verify the MIPPD effects. The participants, 73 patients aged over 65 years were admitted to a university hospital's ICU in J province between December 2015 and July 2016. The MIPPD contained the following elements: family caregiver education, delirium assessment, reorientation activities, therapeutic communication, sensory intervention for vision and hearing impairments, management of immobility or limited mobility, family support, and maintenance of sleeping patterns. Under the program, nurses and family members provided immediate intervention to elderly patients with an expected length of stay of at least 48 hours. Results: After the MIPPD application, the incidence of delirium in the intervention group was significantly lower (odds ratio=0.19, 95% confidence interval=0.03~0.97) than that in the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of self-extubation or catheter self-removal and length of stay. Conclusions: This program can effectively reduce the incidence of delirium. Because prevention is optimal for delirium management, a proactive intervention must be considered; given that, in this study, there were no problems in terms of family engagement, an MIPPD involving family participation should be actively implemented in intensive care unit practice.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the multimodal group intervention that combined animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and integrated play therapy (IPT) on depression and self-esteem in undergraduate university students. The subjects were 40 students attending animal-related and social welfare departments of universities located in a metropolitan city. The multimodal intervention program was conducted for eight sessions (twice a week, 60 min each) in the experimental group. Data analysis was conducted using the independent sample t-test, ANCOVA, and paired sample t-test for pre- and post-test. Therefore, the multimodal intervention program applying AAT and IPT showed positive effects on depression and self-esteem in university students. Based on these results, this study proposed the operation of multidisciplinary education and practical and policy utilization methods to reduce depression among university students and help improve their self-esteem.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a novel and complex intervention in community-dwelling people with intellectual disabilities. Methods Forty-three participants completed the experiment. The subjects were randomly assigned the experimental (n=33) or control (n=10) groups. The multicomponent intervention program comprised exercise and nutrition management and behavior modification. The intervention was performed for 60 minutes once weekly for 10 weeks. The assessment included anthropometric data, body composition and blood pressure analysis, and blood tests. In addition, pulmonary function, physical function, and health-related quality of life were measured before and after the intervention. Results No adverse events occurred during the intervention. After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significantly higher increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than did the control group (effect size=0.152, p=0.019). Conclusion This innovative intervention was effective in improving cardiovascular health. Even greater effects could be achieved through improvements in implementation strategies to increase compliance.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a group integrated intervention program that simultaneously conducts cognitive activities, physical activities, emotional activities and social interactions by integrating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and integrated elderly play therapy based on the cognitive functions and depression of the elderly who live alone. This study follows a pre-test post-test design with a nonequivalent control group, to verify the effectiveness of a group integrated intervention. It applies a group integrated intervention program to 20 elderly people who live alone, aged 65 and above (10 in the experimental group, 10 in the control group), once a week for 90 minutes across eight weeks. The study went through MMSE-K, TMT-A and GDSSF-A to assess cognitive functions and the level of depression. The group integrated intervention increased the cognitive functions of the experimental group and decreased levels of depression. Therefore, this study verified that a group integrated intervention program of AAT and integrated play therapy of the elderly, is an effective for increasing cognitive functions and decreasing depression levels of the elderly who live alone. Based on these findings, the study suggests that there is a need to continuously expand group integrated intervention programs and provide relevant political support.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based intervention program for middle school adolescent girls with depression. Methods: The study was a pretest-posttest repeated-measure design with a nonequivalent control group. Fifty eight students with depressive symptoms were recruited from two middle schools in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from the intervention (n=30) and the comparison group (n=28). The research instrument was Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. Results: The intervention group greatly improved from baseline to 10 weeks and then saw a slight positive change between 10 and 13 weeks. Conclusion: The results of this research show that depression intervention programs are effective for young female adolescents. Thus the investigation has important school-based treatment implications, and should be integrated into school curriculums by school health nurses for early intervention of depressive symptoms in middle school adolescent girls.

Purpose. The elderly with UI experienced urine leakage for a long time. The prevalence of UI has increased and it makes costly. Particularly, the elderly were reluctant to visit a hospital or a clinic for the reasons of modesty and poverty. To solve this problem, incontinence intervention programs should be provided at the elderly welfare center. The purpose of this research was to develop Incontinence Intervention Program for the Elderly Women (IIPE) and evaluate in its effect. Methods. The study design was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test. The study was performed for ten weeks at one elderly welfare center, Seoul, Korea. The subjects were gathered through an official announcement and informed consent was obtained. IIPE, in this study, was consisted of diagnosis, education, exercise and evaluation. The study variables were PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress. The effects of the IIPE on PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress were also evaluated. Results. The mean age of the subjects was 75.2 years. The average attendance was 6.2 times. The IIPE improved PFM exercise adherence, intra-vaginal contraction power and CSE significantly. But it was not significant in incontinence stress and geriatric depression. Other important results were that the two-finger test and urine stream interruption were more useful for elderly women with rigid vaginas in teaching and evaluating. Conclusion. The Findings suggest that IIPE is effective to the community-residing elderly. Further investigation is needed on a long-term basis with control group.

This study is a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) within post-intervention pro grams for adolescent victims of school bullying in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Fourteen dissertations and journals, pub lished in Korea between 2000 and 2021, were selected based on the PICOS standards, and effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Version 3. The results indicated an overall effect size of 1.00, suggesting substantial ef fects. CBT for adolescent victims demonstrated large effect sizes on self-concept, self-esteem, peer relationship, and school adjustment outcomes, while its effects on emotion outcomes, showed median effect size. Finally, this study investigated opti mal CBT conditions for better effects, indicating that CBT was most effective when conducted with five to nine participants in 10 to 14 sessions, lasting 60 minutes, twice a week. Notably, smaller group sizes, more sessions, shorter session times, and frequent interventions seemed to enhance the efficacy of CBT programs. This implies that the intensity and frequency of in terventions are pivotal in maximizing the impact of CBT for bullied adolescents. Overall, post-intervention programs em ploying CBT demonstrated mostly substantial effect sizes, providing valuable insights for future CBT implementations by identifying program components for enhanced effectiveness.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how flipped learning affected nursing students in South Korea who were enrolled in a quit smoking intervention education program. The flipped learning-based quit smoking intervention education program was developed to help nursing students implement the intervention. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design. A total of 52 nursing students, divided into experimental and control groups of 26 each, participated between November and December 2021. The experimental group was instructed in the flipped learning-based quit smoking intervention education program over six sessions. In accordance with flipped learning, each session was composed of pre-class, in-class, and post-class sections. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed improved beliefs about the health benefits of quitting smoking, as well as positive attitudes and self-efficacy from the quit smoking intervention. The experimental group experienced the greatest increase in student-centered activities and student participation through flipped learning. Conclusion: These results indicate that the flipped learning method was effective in quit smoking intervention education for nursing students. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider that a quit smoking intervention education program based on flipped learning be included in the regular nursing curriculum.

Purpose To assess the feasibility of a technology-assisted intervention in a hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program among patients with coronary heart disease. Methods This study was a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight patients with coronary heart disease were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving a 12-week technology-assisted intervention (n = 14), or the control group (n = 14), receiving usual care. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the intervention group received three center-based, supervised exercise training sessions, a fitness watch that served as a cue to action, six educational videos, and a weekly video call. The Self-efficacy for Exercise, exercise capacity, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention (12-weeks). Results Among the 28 patients who participated in this study, 85.7% completed the program, with a relatively low attrition rate (14.3%). The number of exercise training sessions accomplished by the participants in the intervention group was 51.27 ± 19.41 out of 60 sessions (85.5%) compared to 36.46 ± 23.05 (60.8%) in the control group. No cardiac adverse events or hospitalizations were reported throughout the study. Participants in the intervention group showed greater improvement in health-promoting behaviors when compared with the control group at 12 weeks. Within-group effects demonstrated improvement in exercise self-efficacy and exercise capacity among participants in the intervention group. A participant satisfaction survey conducted immediately post-intervention revealed that participants were “very satisfied” (23.1%) and “satisfied” (76.9%) with the technology-assisted intervention. Conclusions The findings demonstrated that technology-assisted intervention in a hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program was feasible and suggested to be beneficial in improving exercise self-efficacy, exercise capacity, and health promoting behavior among patients with coronary heart disease. A full-scale study is needed to determine its effectiveness in the long term. Trial and protocol registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04862351. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04862351.

Purpose: Mothers who give birth prematurely experience parenting stress after their babies are discharged and find it difficult to emotionally bond with them. Forming an emotional bond with a baby promotes the baby's growth and development, helps the mother cope with parenting stress after discharge, and is important for maintaining family functioning. This study aimed to identify the attachment experiences of mothers with low-birth-weight infants (LBWIs) in a follow-up program using early intervention. Methods: A phenomenological perspective was used for this qualitative research. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with twelve mothers who participated in a follow-up program using early intervention for mothers with LBWIs from September 2017 to December 2017. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. Results: The experience of mothers' attachment was investigated on the basis of three categories: ‘beginning of changes in parenting methods,’ ‘forming an intimate motherechild bond,’ and ‘concerns and expectation about the child's development.’ Conclusion: The results indicate that the follow-up program using an early intervention designed to increase mothers' confidence in their parenting skills can promote mother’ attachment and the quality of life of families with LBWIs.

Purpose: Despite the well-established benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), patient participation remains low due to multiple barriers. Home-based cardiac telerehabilitation (HBCTR) has emerged as a promising alternative to improve accessibility and adherence. This study evaluated the feasibility and clinical effects of an HBCTR program in patients who had undergone coronary interventions. Methods: Patients diagnosed with angina or myocardial infarction who recently underwent coronary intervention were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the HBCTR group (n=6) or the control group (n=6). The HBCTR group completed a 4-week home-based program using a smartphone and smartwatch application that monitored heart rate, exercise duration, and Borg scale ratings. Physical therapists remotely adjusted exercise intensity and provided feedback. Physical function, body composition, quality of life, and physical activity levels were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up. Results: Compared with baseline, the HBCTR group demonstrated increased exercise participation, improved aerobic capacity, and reduced body fat percentage. In the 6-min walk test, walking distance increased significantly from baseline (421.25±49.50m) to immediate follow-up (456.92±41.26m) and to 3-month follow-up (488.75±33.71m) (p<0.001). Moderate-intensity physical activity was maintained for up to 3 months. No major adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The HBCTR program appeared to enhance physical activity and aerobic fitness in patients with cardiovascular disease. Findings from this pilot study suggest that HBCTR is feasible and accessible as a complementary model to hospital-based CR. Larger randomized controlled trials incorporating real-time monitoring are needed to validate these preliminary observations.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically develop an obesity prevention program for adolescents to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools. Methods: The development of the Let's Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents followed the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). IM is a widely used protocol for developing systematic and effective interventions based on theories and evidence. Results: To better understand the problem and identify the needs of adolescents, interviews were conducted with teachers, school nurses, and students (step 1). In step 2, the desired behaviors and their determinants were established and combined into a matrix comprising 16 change objectives. In step 3, theoretical methods such as persuasive communication and consciousness-raising were chosen. The program was segmented into three educational activity sessions in step 4. In step 5, an implementation manual was developed for program instructors to ensure effective and accurate implementation. Finally, practices for evaluating the program's effectiveness and procedures were designed in step 6. Conclusion: The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program will provide adolescents with guidelines to promote healthy living and prevent obesity in everyday life using strategies for sustainable adolescent obesity prevention and management.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of a cultural competence training program for public health nurses (PHNs) using intervention mapping. Methods: An embedded mixed method design was used. Forty-one PHNs (experimental: 21, control: 20) and forty marriage migrant women (MMW) (20, in each group) who were provided nursing care by PHN participated in the study. The experimental group was provided with a four-week cultural competence program consisting of an eight hour offline and online course, e-mail newsletters and social networking services (BAND). Transcultural Self-efficacy (TSE) of the PHNs, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care of MMW were measured. Ten PHNs in the experimental group were interviewed after the experimental study. Results: The experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in TSE, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care than did the control group. Six themes emerged from qualitative data: (a) Recognizing cultural differences, (b) Being interested in the multicultural policy, (c) Trying to communicate in MMW’s own language, (d) Providing medical information using internet and smart phone, (e) Embracing culturally diverse people into society, and (f) Requiring ongoing cultural competence training. Conclusion: Cultural competence training enabled PHNs to provide culturally competent care and contribute to MMW’s health outcomes.