Earticle

본 연구는 소비자가 보험을 통해 효율적인 위험관리를 할 수 있도록 보험지식 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 보험에 가입하고 있는 금융소비자의 보험지식 수준과 영향 요인을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 현재 보험상품에 가입하고 있는 금융소비자(이하 ‘보험소비자’) 692명을 대상으로 2018년 2월 13일∼2월 23일까지 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보험소비자의 지식수준을 살펴본 결과, 보험용어의 평균 점수는 3.80점, 보험상품의 평균 점수는 6.28점, 보험가입 단계의 평균 점수는 12.07점으로 나타났다. 각 하위 영역별 보험소비자의 상대적 지식수준을 평가하기 위해 백분위 점수로 표준화시킨 결과, 보험용어의 평균 점수는 63.39점, 보험상품의 평균 점수는 52.37점, 보험가입 단계의 평균 점수는 57.50점으로 나타나 보험소비자들은 보험용어에 대한 지식수준은 높지만, 보험상품에 대한 지식수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 보험가입 단계별 지식은 해지․부활(60.12점)>보험가입(58.30점)>계약종료(56.00점)>계약기간(55.49점)의 순으로 나타나 보험가입 단계 중 계약기간에 대한 지식이 가장 취약하였다. 3가지 하위 영역의 점수를 합하여 평균한 값인 보험소비자지식은 100점 만점에 평균 57.75점으로 중간 수준을 약간 넘는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보험소비자의 지식수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 연령이 높을수록, 직업이 경영/전문/사무직인 경우, 배우자가 있는 경우, 월평균 소득이 많을수록, 보험가입 동기가 위험관리인 경우에는 보험소비자의 지식수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

This study set out to investigate the insurance knowledge level of insured financial consumers and its influential factors and thus propose plans to increase their insurance knowledge level for efficient risk management through insurance. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 692 financial consumers currently insured with an insurance product (hereinafter, “insurance consumers”) on February 13∼23, 2018. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the study examined the knowledge level of insurance consumers and found that they scored mean 3.80 points in insurance terms, mean 6.28 in insurance products, and mean 12.07 in the stages of purchasing insurance. Their scores were standardized in percentile ranks to assess their relative knowledge level in each subarea. The results reveal that their mean scores were 63.39, 52.37, and 57.50 in insurance terms, insurance products, and stages of purchasing insurance, respectively. The findings indicate that the insurance consumers had a high knowledge level in insurance terms and a low knowledge level in insurance products. As for the stages of purchasing insurance, their knowledge level was the highest in cancelation and revival(60.12), which was followed by purchase of insurance(58.30), termination of contract(56.00), and term of contract(55.49) in the order. These results show that they had the weakest knowledge about the term of contract in the stages of purchasing insurance. Their knowledge as insurance consumers, which was the mean of added scores across the three subareas, was mean 57.75 out of 100, which was a little bit above the middle level.Secondly, the study examined factors influencing the knowledge level of the insurance consumers and found that their knowledge level as insurance consumers was high when they were older, had an occupation in management/professional areas/office jobs, had a spouse, earned higher mean monthly income, and purchased insurance for risk management.

연구의 목적은 대나무의 고장 전라남도 담양군에서 열린 2015 담양 세계 대나무 박람회 개최에 따른 지역 발전 영향요인이 지역애착도와 개최지지 및 개최 속성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구를 수행하기 위하 여 가설을 설정 한 뒤 박람회장에 방문객을 대상으로 설문조사를 후 표본을 추출하여 설문조사를 통해 실증분석을 하였다. 박람회 개최로 인해 지역이 발전하고 향후에 관광객들이 다시 찾는 관광 융합 연구의 목적을 제시하고자 한다 . 지역 애착도는 환경요인과 사회요인에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났고. 개최지지, 개최지속성은 환경요인가 사회요인이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 경제요인, 환경요인 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 개최지지가 지역애착도 요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 박람회 개최에 따른 지역발전 영향요 인이 지역애착도와 개최지지 및 개최속성에 미치는 영향을 검증을 통해 향후 국내 지역박람회와 축제 평가에 관한 전략 모색에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of research and bamboo for failure, Damyang-county, Jeollanam-do at 2015 Damyang bamboo the world fairs held according to the attachment to local factors impact of regional development and hosting support. To identify the impact on the property held. Fair after setting up a hypothesis to carry out research in the visitors through after sample surveys and survey and Empirical Analysis. Show areas are improving in the future, due to host tourists want to come up with the purpose of research to become a popular tourist attraction again. Attachment or environmental factors and social factors showed that, and affect the region. The host of social factors turned out to be the biggest influence, and economic factors, environmental factors shown to affect, and to a venue in order.Attachment is a factor appears to be affecting the region was the venue. The property is shown to environmental factors is not statistically significant, and host local affection, support appears to be factors affecting the holding. As a result, Fair, held regional attachment to the Influence Factors of regional development support, and according to the next fair in the Region and through the impact on the property held.Evaluation strategy could contribute to explore the festival.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sub-health status (SHS) of people living in China during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection-induced acute infectious disease, which is featured by universal susceptibility and strong infectivity, and SHS (a status of low quality health) refers to a status of low-quality health. COVID-19 has gradually developed into a global pandemic, making the public in a high stress situation in physiological, psychological and social states in the short term. Methods: From March 6 to 11, 2020, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenient sampling, and SHS assessment scale was used in the questionnaire. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting SHS. Results: In this study, 17,078 questionnaires were delivered with 16,820 effective questionnaires collected, and 10,715 subjects (63.7%) were found with SHS, with moderate SHS primarily. Physiological sub-scale scored the highest, followed by psychological and social sub-scales. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that man, only-child, workers and farmers were risk factors of SHS. Protective factors of SHS included living in rural areas and townships, laid-off retirees and education degree. Conclusion: It shows many people in China place in a poor health status during COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary that relevant departments pay more attention to people with poor health such as men, only-child, urban people, workers and farmers, and groups with high education degree during and after pandemic stabilization.

본 연구는 베이비부머세대의 유형별 삶의 만족에 영향을 미치는 다차원적 요인을 규명하자고 하였다. 분석대상은 한국복지패널(10차년도) 응답자 중 1955년부터 1963년에 태어난 베이비부머세대 가구주 1,895명이었다. 베이비부머세대 를 유형화하는데 활용한 기준은 성(gender), 소득지위, 종사상 지위로 남성과 여성 각각 4가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 남성 베이비부머세대의 삶의 만족에 대해 남성Ⅳ유형(B=.074, t=1.992, p<.05), 건강상태(B=.233, t=7.268, p<.001), 가구소 득(B=.174, t=4.476, p<.001), 우울(B=-.182, t=-5.242, p<.001), 자아존중감(B=.255, t=7.027, p<.001), 신뢰 (B=.064, t=2.036, p<.05) 등이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 여성베이비부머세대의 삶의 만족에 대해 여 성Ⅳ유형(B=.100, t=2.598, p<.05), 건강상태(B=.239, t=6.790, p<.001), 우울(B=-.181, t=-5.142, p<.001), 자아존중 감(B=.320, t=8.600, p<.001) 등이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the multidimensional factors that affect the satisfaction of life by type of baby boomer generation. The subjects of this study were 1,895 households who were born from 1955 to 1963 among the respondents in the Korea welfare panel (the 10th year). The baby boomer generation was classified into four types such as gender, income status, male and female as socioeconomic status. The male type Ⅳ (B=.074, t=1.992, p<.05), health status (B=.233, t=7.268, p<.001), household income (B=.174, t=4.476, p<.001), depression (B=‐.182, t=‐5.242, p<.001), self‐esteem (B=.255, t=7.027, p<.001), trust (B=.064, t=2.036, p<.05), etc. were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of the male baby boomer generation. The female type Ⅳ (B=.100, t=2.598, p<.05), health status (B=.239, t=6.790, p<.001) (P<.001), depression (B=‐.181, t=‐5.142, p<.001), and self‐esteem (B=.320, t=8.600, p<.001), etc. were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of the female baby boomer generation.

본 연구에서는 지역 범죄예방네트워크 효과의 영향요인을 분석하여 협력방범의 제도적․현실적 한계를 밝히고, 경찰 서비스 개선을 위한 정책대안을 찾고자 하였다. 지역의 범죄예방네트워크가 지구대, 민간 협력단체, 경비업체의 3자간 관계로 구성되었다고 보고, 네트워크 효과의 영향요인을 행위자, 구조, 상호작용으로 구분해 보았다. 지구대 범죄예방네트워크 효과의 영향요인이 지역에 따라 차이가 있다고 보고, 조사대상을 대도시, 중소도시, 농촌지역으로 구분하여 설문조사를 하였다. 분석결과, 범죄예방네트워크 효과에 가장 영향력이 큰 변수는 상호작용이며, 다음으로 참여자, 구조의 순으로 나타났다. 지역별로 범죄예방네트워크 효과에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로, 대도시는 업무의 상호작용, 중소도시는 협력단체의 활동, 농촌지역은 지구대와 민간단체 간 상호협력으로 분석되었다. 네트워크 효과에 미치는 영향력은 단체의 규모에 비례하고, 재정지원이 범죄예방네트워크 형성에 크게 작용하고 있었다. 따라서 범죄예방네트워크의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 지구대는 협력단체와의 상호협력, 민간시설경비업체와의 유기적 협조, 참여단체의 규모에 따른 탄력적인 지원과 대응노력이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

To search for the characteristics and structure of local community policing, this study analyzed actual circumstances of a patrol division crime prevention network and the influential factors affecting it. This study suggests that collaborative security activities is more required to patrol division system wider than previous police branch office system. The influential factor of crime prevention network is reciprocal action and next is participants and structure. Somewhat large organizations have a great deal of influence on crime prevention activities networks and financial support also importantly works upon the formation. For invigoration of police service and collaborative crime prevention, development of various programs to induce citizens to participate and facilities, educational training, and equipment to assist these programs have to be secured.

오늘날 빈번하게 발생하는 각종 개인정보침해 사고의 증가는 사용자에게 자신의 의지를 바탕으로 개인정보를 통제 및 관리하고자 하는 의지를 발생시킴에 따라, 개인정보에 대한 심리적 소유감을 형성하게 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 무형의 개인정보를 실제로 소유한 것과 같이 개인이 인지하는 상태를 ‘개인정보 소유감’으로 정의하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 개인정보 소유감에 영향을 미치는 요인과의 관계를 도출하고자 한다. 또한 개인정보 소유감이 개인의 인지된 정보 프라이버시 염려에 미치는 영향을 추가적으로 살펴보는 것에 주된 연구 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 국내 거주하는 400명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 수집된 데이터는 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 분석되었다. 분석 결과, 개인정보에 대한 책임감, 자기 동일성, 소속감이 각각 인지된 개인정보에 대한 소유감을 증가시키는 반면에 자기 효능감은 개인정보 소유감에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 개인이 인지하는 개인정보 소유감이 증가할수록 개인의 정보 프라이버시 염려가 심화되었다. 이와 같은 본 연구의 결과는 무형의 개인정보를 유형의 자산과 같이 개인이 인지할 수 있다는 것을 밝힘에 따라, 개인정보에 대한 사용자의 심리적 소유감과 관련된 연구의 확장에 기여한다. 나아가, 본 연구는 향후 기업에서 고객의 개인정보를 효과적으로 수집 및 활용하기 위해서는 고객이 인지하는 개인정보 소유감의 이해가 선행되어야 함을 시사한다.

Since there are growing concerns regarding personal information, users have perceived the importance of it. It makes users try to manage and control personal information by their own intentions. Therefore, we assume users now have begun to perceive psychological ownership on personal information. A main objective of this study is to identitythe relationship between accountability, self-identity, self-efficacy and sense of belongingness and psychological ownership on personal information. We conduct an online-basedsurvey and establish a structural equation model for testing hypothesis. The results show that users’ accountability, self-identity and sense of belongingness positively influence to psychological ownership on personal information. Additionally, users’ perceived psychological ownership on personal information increase their concern for information privacy. This study suggests a new concept as ‘perceived psychological ownership on personal information’ to explain for intentions of their psychological possessions toward personal information. The findings of this study can provide a way for how firms have to require clients’ personal information with increasing their satisfactions.

본 연구는 우리 사회에서 사회갈등과 사회통합이 중요한 화두로 논의되고 있는 상황에서 연령집단 간의 사회통합 인식이 어떠한 특징을 지니는지 살펴보고, 사회통합 인식에 있어서 연령집단의 차이가 어떻게 나타나는지를 파악하고자 하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 청년세대의 사회통합 인식이 다른 연령집단의 사회통합 인식과 어떻게 차이가 나타나는지를 중심으로 분석하고 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국보건사회연구원의 「2018년 사회갈등과 사회통합 실태조사」 자료를 이용하여 잠재프로파일분석과 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 사회통합 인식수준은 ‘저수준형’, ‘중수준형’, ‘고수준형’으로 구분되었고, 청년층은 ‘저수준형’의 비율이 다른 연령집단에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 청년층보다 다른 연령집단(중장년층, 노년층)은 ‘저수준형’보다 ‘고수준형’에 속할 가능성이 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 청년세대의 사회통합 인식 증진을 위한 실천적⋅정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

Considering that social conflicts and social integration have emerged as crucial social issues in our society, this study aims to examine how different social integration perception are among age groups and what factors influence the social integration perceptions. This study focuses on the extent to which social integration perception of youth is different from the other age groups. For this purpose, this study uses data of Survey of Social Conflict and Social Integration, 2018 collected by the Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). Latent Profile Analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized for the analyses. Key findings are as follows. First, latent profile analysis found that there are three latent groups: low-level, middle-level, and high-level classes. Second, youth is more likely to be in a low-level class of social integration compared to the other age groups. Third, the middle- and old-age groups are likely to be in the high-level class of social integration. Based on the findings, this study concludes with several implications for enhancement of social integration of youth.

본 연구는 건물의 에너지 소비 효율성 증대 및 최적 관리를 목표로 머신러닝 기술을 활용한 전기 에너지 소비량 예측 모델을 개발하고, 소비에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 분석한다. 이를 위해 Kaggle에서 제공된 건물 에너지 소비량 데이터를 기반으로 시간적 특성을 반 영한 피처 엔지니어링과 데이터 정제 과정을 수행했다. 모델의 예측 성능을 높이기 위해 4개의 개별 머신러닝 모델(Ridge, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM)과 이들의 강점을 결합한 스태킹 앙상블(Stacking Ensemble) 모델을 구축했다. 특히, LightGBM과 XGBoost 모델은 베이지안 최적화 프레임워크인 Optuna 내에서 교차 검증을 수행하는 튜닝 기법을 적용하여 잠재적 성능을 향상시켰 다. 성능 평가 결과, 개별 모델들의 예측 결과를 종합하여 최종 예측을 수행하는 스태킹 앙상블 모델이 R2 score 0.613, RMSE 5.037로 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이는 안정적인 선형 모델(Ridge)과 복잡한 비선형 패턴을 학습하는 부스팅 모델(LightGBM, XGBoost)의 시너지가 예측 정확도 향상에 기여했음을 나타낸다. 또한, 설명가능 인공지능(XAI) 기법인 SHAP 분석을 통해 온도(Temperature), 냉난방 사용여부(HVACUsage), 재실 인원(Occupancy) 등이 에너지 소비량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 핵심 요인임을 규명하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델과 분석 결과는 건물의 에너지 효율을 최적화하고 관련 정책을 수립하는데 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

This study aims to develop a machine learning-based electrical energy consumption prediction model and analyze the key influencing factors to enhance the energy efficiency and optimal management of buildings. Based on building energy consumption data provided by Kaggle, advanced feature engineering and data refinement processes were performed to reflect temporal characteristics. To maximize the predictive performance of the models, five individual machine learning models (Ridge, Random Forest, Decision Tree, XGBoost, LightGBM) and a Stacking Ensemble model that combines their strengths were constructed. In particular, the LightGBM and XGBoost models were fine-tuned using a sophisticated method of performing cross-validation within the Bayesian optimization framework, Optuna, to maximize their potential performance. The performance evaluation revealed that the Stacking Ensemble model, which integrates the predictions of the individual models, demonstrated the highest performance with an R2 score of 0.613 and an RMSE of 5.037. This suggests that the synergy between a stable linear model (Ridge) and boosting models (LightGBM, XGBoost) capable of learning complex non-linear patterns contributed to the improved prediction accuracy. Furthermore, through SHAP analysis, an XAI technique, Temperature, HVACUsae, Occupancy were identified as the key factors most significantly influencing energy consumption, The model and analysis results developed in this study can serve as crucial foundational data for optimizing building energy efficiency and establishing related policies.

연구목적: 본 연구는 산재근로자의 일자리 만족도에 따른 하위유형을 분석하고 시간 변화에서 전이 형태와 영향요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 근로복지공단에서 제공하는 산재보험패널자료(PSWCI) 중 2017년(4차)과 2018년(5차)에 발표된 자료를 사용하여 잠재전이분석을 실시하였다. 분석 대상은일자리 만족도에 응답한 산재근로자 1355명이다. 영향요인을 알아보기 위해 Mplus 프로그램을 사용하여 다항로짓분석을 하였고 3단계 접근 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 각각 3개의 잠재프로파일이도출되었고, 그 형태에 따라 ‘낮은 일자리 만족 집단’, ‘평균 일자리 만족 집단’, ‘높은 일자리 만족 집단’이라 명명하였다. 전이 형태는 대체적으로 같은 프로파일을 유지하였으나 유형을 이동할 경우 평균일자리 만족 집단으로 이동하였다. 영향요인의 분석 결과, 4차에는 성별, 연령, 학력, 주관적 사회경제적 지위, 업무적합도, 전체 근로자수, 산재 후 현재 업무수행능력, 일상생활전반만족도가, 5차에는 학력, 주관적 사회경제적 지위, 일상생활전반만족도, 자기효능감이 유의미한 변수로 나타났으며 집단에따라 차이가 있었다. 4차에서 5차로의 전이에는 전체 근로자수, 일상생활전반만족도가 유의한 것으로나타났고 집단별로 차이가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구는 일자리 만족도에 따른 산재근로자의 잠재프로파일을 도출하고 종단적 변화 양상이 어떠한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 잠재프로파일과 전이에 영향요인의효과성을 검증했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 정책적, 실천적 방안 마련의 중요함을 시사하였다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the latent profiles of job satisfaction of industrially injured workers and investigate the transition of the latent profiles. Method: Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) was conducted using data from the PSWCI in 2017 (4th) and 2018 (5th). 1355 responded to the job satisfaction question. To test the determinants of the latent profiles, multinomial logit analysis was conducted in a three-step approach using Mplus program. Results: Three latent profiles were derived, and they were named 'low job satisfaction group', 'average job satisfaction group', and 'high job satisfaction group'. Results of the multinomial logit analysis showed gender, age, education, subjective socioeconomic status, job fitness, total number of workers, current job performance ability and overall satisfaction were significant factors of job satisfaction in the 4th panel. In the 5th panel, education, subjective socioeconomic status, overall satisfaction, and self-efficacy were significant variables. In the transition from 4th to 5th, the total number of workers and overall satisfaction were significant. And there were differences among the groups. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to investigate the latent profiles of industrially injured workers’ job satisfaction. The study revealed significant determinants of latent profiles of job satisfaction and its transition, and provided important implications regarding the policy of industrially injured workers.

This study investigated the influential range of landmarks and the relationship between landmarks and cognition factor so as to offer basic data to be used for the effective use and the management of landmarks. In this study, eighteen famous landmark in Seoul were selected and analyzed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) First, eighteen determining elements of cognition factors were selected via documents survey. Second, general cognition factors of landmarks were analysed using these elements through questionnaires to specialists. As a result of factor analysis, historic cultural factor, scale factor, visual form factor, locational factor and uniqueness factor were revealed. 2) According to revealed cognition factor, eighteen landmarks are categorized into four types using MDS method via questionnaire to resident in Seoul city. These four types of landmarks are: type I that are recognized by historic cultural factor; type II that are recognized by scale factor; type III that are recognized by uniqueness factor; and type IV that are recognized by visual form factor. 3) As the result of regression, the influential range of landmarks were revealed at about a 10km radius(type I : 12km type II : whole area of Seoul city≒15km, typeIII : 8.7km, typeIV : 8.5km). 4) As a result of analysing the correlation between the influential range and the cognition factor through multiple linear regression analysis, the locational factor is the main factor affecting the influential range of landmarks in every type. The uniqueness factor comes next, which affects influential range partially. 5) Except type 1, as a result of analysing the correlation between influential range and the physical heights of landmarks, a quadratic equation is revealed, showing that the influential range of landmarks over 200 meters in height shows a radical change. Landmarks can be used as reinforcement tools of legibility, effective tools for landscape management and for the improvement of a community's image. This study on the influential range of landmarks and main cognition factor can be utilized as a landmark management plan and in urban planning, such as a new town plan.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop exposure factor data for the Korean child population, with a specific focus on behavior characteristics such as hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth and an analysis of influential factors. Methods: We divided environments into two places, which were house/indoor and nursery. A total of 400 children (house/indoor) and a total of 162 children (nursery) were recruited from the cities of Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, and Gwangju. The children were divided into two groups. We conducted direct measurement by using one hour of videotaping alongside questionnaire surveys. This was performed to calculate behavior rates, such as how many children perform hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth behaviors. Results: The respective average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth were $0.8{\pm}2.23$ and $0.82{\pm}2.64contacts/hr$ for house/indoor. The respective average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth were $2.87{\pm}4.63$ and $1.47{\pm}3.84contacts/hr$ in the nursery group. For the mouthing participants, the average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth were 3.31 and 3.20 contacts/hr in house, and 4.80 and 3.26 in nursery. Compared to other countries such as the USA, the frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth behaviors found in this study were relatively lower. Conclusions: Children have the potential for exposure to toxic substances through non-dietary ingestion pathways by mouthing objects or their fingers. In this study, the mouthing frequency was relatively lower than that found in Western countries. This can be explained that mouthing behaviour may be affected by culture and lifestyle characteristics.

Finding influential factors from given clustering result is a typical data science problem. Genetic Algorithm based method is proposed to derive influential factors and its performance is compared with two conventional methods, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID), by using Dunn's index measure. To extract the influential factors of preference towards political parties in South Korea, the vote result of $18^{th}$ presidential election and 'Demographic', 'Health and Welfare', 'Economic' and 'Business' related data were used. Based on the analysis, reverse engineering was implemented. Implementation of reverse engineering based approach for influential factor analysis can provide new set of influential variables which can present new insight towards the data mining field.

It is known that the role of informal support for elderly women is critical to their physical and mental health, adjustment in old age, and their overall life satisfaction. Elderly women's situation such as social losses, widowhood, living alone, and geographic relocation etc. may result in a need for more informal supports for elderly women's health than ever before. Particularly, women's same-sex friendships were rated higher for overall quality, intimacy, enjoyment, and nurturance. Unlike a generally accepted notion that later life for women is a time of isolation and loneliness, elderly women tend to maintain and reestablish their friendship regardless their marital status and living situation. Although studies on informal support for elderly women were inconclusive in many ways, elderly women's friendship tends to be stable despite of changing health status and life events. The relative importance between daughters and friends was also controversial. This study suggests that more research with reliable measurements is necessary for the practical prevention and intervention program of elderly women's health on this issue.

본 연구에서는 KIA의 K3 중고차 가격을 예측하기 위해 2013년부터 2021년까지 K Car 사이트에 등록된 자동차의 데이터를 사용하였으며, 상관분석에서 사용할 변수는 연식, 사고유무, 주행거리, 연료, 배기량을 사용하였다. 이 데이터를 토대로 상관관계를 분석하기 위해 Google Colab 플랫폼을 사용하였으며, 분석을 통해 중고차 가격에 대해 상관관계의 여부를 알 수 있었다.

In this study, in order to predict KIA's K3 used car price, we used car data registered on the K Car site from 2013 to 2021, and the variables used in the correlation analysis are model year, accident presence / absence, and driving. Distance, fuel and exhaust volume were used. Based on this data, we were able to use the Google Colab platform to analyze the correlation and, through the analysis, know if it correlates with the used car price.

특정 상품에 대한 사용자의 선호도는 상품의 질 외에도 많은 요소들에 의해 결정된다. 추천시스템에 있어 이러한 외적 요소들의 반영은 데이터의 부족을 포함한 여러 가지 근본적인 문제가 존재하여 지난한 일이었다. 그러나 공공데이터의 개방과 다양하고 방대한 양의 데이터를 가진 평가 플랫폼의 등장 등 기반 환경이 갖춰짐에 따라 외적 요소들의 접근이 용이해 졌다. 이러한 변화에 따라 본 논문은 상품의 품질 외에 사용자의 선호도에 영향을 주는 요소들을 반영할 수 있는 추천시스템 구조를 제안하고 사례를 적용하여 이러한 요소가 실제 선호도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 한다. 제안하는 시스템의 구조는 크게 영향요소를 선정하고 추출하는 과정과 문장 분석을 활용하여 부족한 데이터를 보충하는 과정, 평가데이터와 영향요소를 결합하고 병합하는 과정으로 나눌 수 있으며 제안시스템의 결과 그룹과 실제 사용자 선호도 그룹 간 비교를 통해 구조 변수 설정의 적절성 등을 판단할 수 있는 검증 과정 또한 함께 제안한다.

In the real world, the user's preference for a particular product is determined by many factors besides the quality of the product. The reflection of these external factors was very difficult because of various fundamental problems including lack of data. However, access to external factors has become easier as the infrastructure for public data is opened and the availability of evaluation platforms with diverse and vast amounts of data. In accordance with these changes, this paper proposes a recommendation system structure that can reflect the collectable factors that affect user's preference, and we try to observe the influence of actual influencing factors on preference by applying case. The structure of the proposed system can be divided into a process of selecting and extracting influencing factors, a process of supplementing insufficient data using sentence analysis, and finally a process of combining and merging user's evaluation data and influencing factors. We also propose a validation process that can determine the appropriateness of the setting of the structural variables such as the selection of the influence factors through comparison between the result group of the proposed system and the actual user preference group.

본 연구는 한국에 거주하는 여성결혼이민자들의 식생활 적응상태 및식행동을 파악하고, 영향을 주는 요인들을 파악함으로서 다문화 가정의 건전한 식생활 영위에 도움을 주고자 실시되었다. 본 조사에 참여한 여성결혼이민자들의 42.9%가 한국에서 1년 미만 거주하였고, 평균나이가 29.37세였다. 학력은 고등학교 졸업이 43.8%로 가장많았다. 조사 대상자들이 한국음식 적응에 걸린 시간은 ‘1개월~3개월 미만’이 가장 많았고, 거주기간별로 유의적인 차이가 있어(p<0.05) 거주기간7년이상 여성보다 7년 미만 여성들의 적응소요기간이 더 짧았다. 한국음식만족도는 국적별, 거주기간별 유의적 차이가 있어(p<0.05) 필리핀 여성들의 만족도가 가장 높고, 거주기간이 짧을수록 만족도가 증가하는 경향이보였다. 거주 초기의 한국음식 부적응 경험을 묻는 질문에 대부분이 어려움을 겪었다고 응답하였으나, 한국음식을 출신국에서 먹어본 경험이 있는 여성이 전체의 71.4%였으며, 섭취경험이 있는 여성이 없는 여성보다 상대적으로 한국음식 만족도가 높았다(p<0.05). 섭취경로는 주로 식당에서 구입하여 먹은 경우가 많아 한류의 영향을 입증하였다. 한국음식 적응에 가장도움을 많이 준 존재는 남편과 시어머니 등의 가족들이며, 한국음식의 만족도는 거주기간이 짧고, 학력이 낮을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 여성결혼이주민들은 대부분 본인의 한국요리 실력에 자신감이 없으며, 한국음식을 배우고 싶어 하는 것을 알 수 있다. 한국 음식 조리숙련도 평가와국적간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데(p<0.05) 필리핀 여성들은 다른국가에 비해 본인의 요리 실력을 높이 평가하였다. 배우고 싶은 한국음식종류와 국적 간에는 유의적인 차이가 있어(p<0.05) 중국여성들은 ‘전골 및찌개요리(33.3%)’ 를 가장 배우고 싶어했고, 베트남 여성들은 ‘김치류(37.1%)’를, 우즈벡 여성은 ‘나물 및 무침류(50.0%)’를 필리핀 여성들은‘위 모든 음식류(26.7%)’를 가장 많이 선택했다. 한국음식 선호도를 조사한결과 개고기, 육개장, 해물탕, 육회, 과일은 국적별로 유의적인 차이를 보여(p<0.05) 출신국의 음식문화가 반영되었다.

This study aims to guide international families to obtain ideal dietary life by finding out female marriage immigrants’ eating habit, dietary behaviour, and the influential factors in their experience of adjusting to a new food culture. Most female marriage immigrants who participated in this survey were, on average, 29.37 years old and have lived in Korea less than one year. Majority of them (43.8%) have graduated from high school as well. The time it took female marriage immigrant participants to get used to Korean food was between 1~3months, depending on the length of residence in Korea, which brought different result(p<0.05), participants who have been living in Korea less than 7 years adjusted to Korean food faster than those who have been living in Korea more than 7 years. For participants who have tried Korean food before they came to Korea showed higher level of satisfaction with Korean food than those who didn’t (p<0.05). Most participants tried Korean food through Korean restaurants in their home countries; it showed how popular Korean food became in other countries. Most participants lacked confidence with cooking Korean food and showed strong desire to learn how to cook Korean food. Preferred Korean dish to learn varied over race(p<0.05) Chinese participants wanted to learn how to cook Jun?Gol (beef with vegetables cooked in casserole)and a pot stew(33.3%), Vietnamese participants chose Kimchi dish(37.1%),Uzbek participants picked wild vegetable and seasoned green(50.0%) and Filipina chose all of above dishes(26.7%). When choosing their favourite Korean dish among dog meat,Uk?Gae?Jang(soup of chopped beef with various condiments),spicy fish soup, minced raw beef, and fruits, the results were differ over participant’s nationalities(p<0.05), original food culture and their race played important roles.

The purpose of this article was to examine the factors influencing the formation of Chojiro's Raku tea bowl during the Momoyama period in Japan. This paper employed two methods to examine the literature of Chahwaegi, the record book of tea ceremony, with regards to Chojiro’s Raku ware and the ceramics of the Joseon, Ming, and Momoyama periods of the Sixteenth century. The results of this study found that first of all, Chojiro’s tea bowl was greatly influenced by Sen Riku’s Wabi thought. In addition, this study shows that Chojiro’s tea bowl was influenced by the shape of the Joseon tea bowl, the three-colored lead of the Ming period, and the characteristic shape, iron glaze, and firing of Mino ware during the Muromachi and Momoyama periods. Finally, Chojiro’s ancestor was revealed Chinese potter in the Ming dynasty based on Seventeenth century literature about Honnami Koyetsu relating to the Raku family and analysis of another work by Chojiro, ‘Roof tile in the shape of lion’.

Objectives: The study was evaluated exposure variation and daily absorption level of cadmium, lead concentration of ambient air of monthly data from 1999 to 2017 for main exposure factor in outdoor workers. Methods: Based on the monthly data from 'The annual report of air quality in Korea from 1999 to 2018' in 'Air Korea' website in the Korean Ministry of Environment. The monthly data of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, cadmium, lead concentration of ambient air were recalculated to average, minimum, and maximum. And these data were combined to Asian-dust exposure data from 'The annual report of Asian-dust·smog in 2017' of National Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Korea. Results: Geometric mean(minimum-maximum) concentration in ambient air of monthly data were 0.0017 (ND-0.2015) mg/㎥ in cadmium and 0.0467(ND-0.8554) mg/㎥ in Pb from 1999 to 2017. Both of Cd and Pb concentration in ambient air showed the highest concentration in January and the lowest in August among annual variation from 1999 to 2017. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 level showed the highest in March(PM₁₀) and February (PM_2.5) the lowest in August both of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. Discussion: Based on exposure data and prior reports, daily Cd absorption was estimated to 0.013(ND-1.511) mg/day from respiration and 1.89 mg/day from daily food(25.2 mg/day of daily Cd intake). In case of Pb, daily absorption was estimated to 0.350(ND-6.416) mg/day from respiration and 1.38-1.71 mg/day from daily food intake. Conclusion: Cd and Pb with Asian-dust have high influential factor to increase the Cd and Pb exposure at Winter and Spring season in outdoor workers.

2011년 이후 농식품 산업에서 연구개발 기술 자산들에 대한 평가를 수행할 때 주도적으로 활용되고 있는 방법이 현금흐름할인(DCF) 방법이었으며, 최근에 종자기술 등과 같은 기술자산의 경우에는 기술료 사례 정보를 기반으로 하는 기술평가를 병행하여 수행해 오고 있다. 지금까지 알려진 현금흐름할인 방법은 추정되어야 할 입력변수가 많아 기술평가 시에 정교한 추정이 요구되고 있다. 또한 기술료 사례 정보를 근거로 하는 거래사례비교 방법이나 업종별 산업표준(industry norm)을 적용할 때에도 평가대상 기술자산과 보다 근사한 거래사례가 적용되어야 하는 것은 농식품 산업분야에서도 동일하게 고려되어야 하는 문제이다. 농식품 산업에서 기술평가 시 활용되고 있는 주요입력변수는 경제적 수명주기, 농식품업종 관련 재무적 정보, 할인율, 기술기여율 등이며, 해당 평가기관에서는 기반 정보구축과 자료 최신화를 주기적으로 수행해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농식품 산업에서의 기존의 기술평가 시 평가결과에 가장 중요한 영향 미치는 주요변수를 탐색하고, 기술평가 입력 정보의 최신화를 통해 도출된 참조 지원정보를 활용하여 기존의 대표 평가사례들의 평가결과가 어떤 변화가 발생하였는지를 분석하였다. 또한 입력자료 최신화가 기술평가 결과에 미치는 단편적 정보제공을 보완하기 위한 방안을 제시하면서 기존평가 결과와 자료 현행화 이후의 기술평가 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 수행하기 위해서 과거 농식품 산업에서 수행되었던 기술평가 사례를 선별하고 이를 바탕으로 입력변수들에 대한 민감도 분석 방법과 주요 핵심변수를 활용한 시뮬레이션 분석방법을 적용하였다. 본 연구결과는 농식품 분야에서 기술평가 시에 활용되고 있는 입력변수들에 대한 자료 최신화 필요성과 핵심입력변수 기반 구축에 대한 중요한 정책적 시사점, 그리고 기술가치평가 결과에 대한 보다 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Since 2011, DCF(Discounted Cash Flow) method has been used initiatively for valuating R&D technology assets in the agricultural food industry and recently technology valuation based on royalties comparison among technology transfer transactions has been also carried out in parallel when evaluating the technology assets such as new seed development technologies. Since the DCF method which has been known until now has many input variables to be estimated, sophisticated estimation has been demanded at the time of technology valuation. In addition, considering more similar trading cases when applying sales transaction comparison or industry norm method based on information of technology transfer royalty, it is an important issue that should be taken into account in the same way in the Agri-Food industry. The main input variables used for technology valuation in the Agri-Food industry are life cycle of technology asset, the financial information related to the Agri-Food industry, discount rate, and technology contribution rate. The latest infrastructure building and data updating related to technology valuation has been carried out on a regular basis in the evaluation organization of the Agri-Food segment. This study verifies the key variables that give the most important impact on the results for the existing technology valuation in the Agri-Food industry and clarifies the difference between the existing valuation result and the outcome by referring the support information that is derived through the latest input information applied in DCF method. In addition, while presenting the scheme to complement fragment information which the latest input data just influence result of technology valuation, we tried to perform comparative analysis between the existing valuation results and the evaluated outcome after the latest of reference data for making a decision the input values to be estimated in DCF. To perform these analyzes, it was first selected the representative cases evaluated past in the Agri-Food industry, applied a sensitivity analysis for input variables based on these selected cases, and then executed a simulation analysis utilizing the key input variables derived from sensitivity analysis. The results of this study is to provide the information which there are the need for modernization of the data related to the input variables that are utilized during valuating technology assets in the Agri-Food sector and for building the infrastructure of the key input variables in DCF. Therefore it is expected to provide more fruitful information about the results of valuation.