Earticle

본 연구는 일본 임도사업의 재정⋅추진체계를 분석하여 우리나라 임도정책 개선의 시사점을 도출하였다. 우리나라 임도사업은 신규 개설 중심으로 운영되어 왔으나, 임도시설의 장기적 기능유지를 위해서는 유지관리, 기능개선, 구조개량, 재해복구를 포함하는 생애주기 기반의 재정⋅추진체계가 요구된다. 이에 일본의 산림정비사업, 농산어촌지역정비교부금, 산림환경양여세, 재해복구사업, 국가 직접시행사업을 대상으로, 재원 전용성, 생애주기 대응성, 중앙-지방 역할분담, 계획체계 연계성, 성과 환류 가능성, 사업추진 경로를 기준으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 일본의 임도재정체계는 다섯 가지 재원이 임도의 기능과 생애주기 단계에 따라 역할을 분담하고 산림계획체계와 연계되어 운영되는 구조로 나타났다. 특히 재해복구사업은 일반 정비사업과 절차⋅예산상 분리되어 정기 정비예산의 잠식을 완화하며, 산림환경양여세는 소규모⋅분산형 유지관리 수요를 보완하는 지방재량형 재원으로 기능한다. 이에 비해 우리나라는 임도 개념, 재원 전용성, 계획 연계성, 성과 환류 측면에서 일본과 차이를 보였으며, 예산 편성과 성과관리가 개설⋅보수 실적 중심으로 이루어지는 한계가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 임도정책이 임도 개념과 사업범위를 재정비하고, 산림계획체계와의 연계를 강화하며, 생애주기 단계별 예산분류, 지방재량형 보완재원의 확보, 재해복구 재원의 별도 구조화를 통해 추진체계를 보완할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

This study analyzed Japan's forest road fiscal and implementation system to derive policy implications for Republic of Korea, where forest road projects have focused on new construction with insufficient mechanisms for maintenance and disaster recovery. Five Japanese funding sources—the Forest Improvement Project, the Rural Area Comprehensive Development Grant, the Forest Environment Transfer Tax, the Disaster Recovery Project, and the National Direct Implementation Project—were examined using six criteria: fund specificity, life-cycle responsiveness, central-local role division, planning linkage, feedback potential, and implementation pathways. The analysis showed that Japan's fiscal system comprises multiple funds allocated by function and life-cycle stage, linked to its forest planning system; disaster recovery is budgetarily separated from routine maintenance, and the transfer tax supplements small-scale local maintenance needs. Korea, by contrast, showed structural differences in road concepts, fund specificity, and planning linkage, relying mainly on input-based reporting (construction and repair length in km). These findings suggest that Korean forest road policy should redefine forest road concepts, strengthen planning linkage, and adopt life-cycle-based budgeting, discretionary local funding, and separated disaster recovery financing.

Information-security management systems (ISMSs) are becoming very important, even for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). However, implementing an ISMS is not an easy task. Many obstacles must be overcome, e.g., complexity, document tracking, competency management, and even changing cultures. The objective of our study is to provide ISMS application tools, based on ISO 27001:2013 ISM frameworks. The application was developed on the Odoo Open Enterprise Resource Planning platform. To validate its feasibility for future improvement, the application was implemented by an MSME company. For this implementation, information-security-related users gave their feedback through a questionnaire. The distributed feedback questionnaire consists of nine assessment parameters, covering topics from the application's technical aspects to users' experiences. Based on the questionnaire feedback, all users of the application were satisfied with its performance.

A data acquisition and monitoring system was developed for an automated system of a smart fish farm. The fish farm is located in Jang Hang, South Korea, and was designed as circulation filtration system. Information of every aquaculture pool was automatically measured by pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and water temperature sensors and the data were stored in the database in a remoted server. Modbus protocol was used for gathering the data which were further used to optimize the pool water quality to predict the rate of growth and death of fish, and to deliver food automatically as planned by the fish farmer. By using JSON protocol, the collected data was delivered to the user's PC and mobile phone for analysis and easy monitoring. The developed monitoring system allowed the fish farmers to improve fish productivity and maximize profits.

A special government agency has been charged with implementing quality management to guarantee the quality of wild-simulated ginseng. However, these processes are carried out by use of documents, and this has resulted in information omission and high document management costs. To solve this problem, this study analyzed the existing quality management process by using a smart contract for the existing offline form and proposed a new quality management system for storing and managing all log data in the blockchain. This system reduced documentation management costs about quality management and recorded information in the previous step through the quality management steps, thus forming a step-by-step record chain. Experiments were conducted by implementing this system, which improved data integrity and reliability. Additionally, sensitive information, such as personal information, was included in the system by use of the off-chain technology.

To date, parking enforcement systems have only been used by parking enforcement authorities, who detect and penalize violators. This paper introduces a modified version of the parking enforcement system utilizing smartphones that allows ordinary citizens to report parking violators to parking enforcement officers. The procedures of the system are taking a picture of a vehicle in violation, receiving the violation report virtually and finally reporting if violation car still remained at same location after five minutes have passed. The proposed system contains properties for transmission and receiving data about whether the complaint report of the violator's vehicle has been received in real time. It also works in conjunction with the existing parking enforcement system. This paper describes implementation of the proposed system.

In this study, we aim to implement an intelligent automatic notification system based on Bluetooth beacons and smartphones to prevent accidents caused by children being left in vehicles while commuting to school during summer or winter. This is a problem that is emerging as safety accidents occur owing to negligence in vehicles. Although teachers solutions, such as checking children's attendance, safety accidents occur freq uently every year. Because the continuous occurrence of safety accidents, parents' anxiety about accidents is increasing, and various accident prevention measures are being developed to solve this problem. However, these methods are difficult to implement as teachers have to manage a large number of children. To solve this problem, this study implements an intelligent automatic notification system based on Bluetooth beacons and smartphones. This notification system attaches a relatively low-power Bluetooth beacon to the child's belongings to recognize boarding and disembarking using the teacher's smartphone, and sends a message to the parent's smartphone.

The wireless sensor networking standard DASH7 operates in low-power communication with a better transmission quality in active RFID networks. The DASH7 security standard supports public key cryptography. At present, the DASH7 standard uses the message authentication code in the network layer for authentication and integrity. However, its security standard is still in an incubation stage with respect to the implementation of a crypto exchange over a DASH7 network. Effective key management is an important factor for privacy and security. If organizations are not careful about where and how keys are stored, they leave the encrypted data vulnerable to theft. In this regard, we present a key management system designed for efficient key management through public key infrastructure authentication as well as a non-repudiation feature for the DASH7 standard. We analyze the performance of the proposed system on a basis of various performance criteria such as latency and throughput.

Style and format are important criteria for evaluating a journal and indexing it in major databases. In Korean science, technology, and medical journals, interest in manuscript editing has increased over the past seven to eight years, and the responsibilities of manuscript editors have expanded as well. However, since no clear standards for the roles and qualifications for manuscript editors are yet available, a formal certification system is needed to establish appropriate standards and to provide professional training. To identify ways of developing a manuscript editor certification program in Korea, this study investigated similar certification programs in and outside the country and surveyed 195 Korean editors, manuscript editors, publishers, and medical librarians. The survey revealed that manuscript editors were necessary (mean score of 4.38 on a five-point Likert scale, with a score of 5 indicating strong agreement), and that their main contributions were efficiently managing the editorial board, improving the accuracy of references, and accelerating the editing process. The respondents were also positive about the possibility of implementing a manuscript editor certification; 45.1% showed interest in becoming certified, and 47.1% reported interest in hiring a certified manuscript editor. Regarding the system for issuing certification, respondents favored a professional training course (53.1%), validation of work experience (27.1%), or an examination (16.8%). This study concludes that it is essential to establish a formal certification program to train manuscript editors properly, and an examination system is the most efficient and suitable method for managing the certification process.

Experience API provides a learner-centered model for learning data collection and learning process recording. In particular, it can record learning data from multiple data sources. Therefore, Experience API provides very good support for ubiquitous learning. In this paper, we put forward the architecture of ubiquitous learning system and the method of reading the learning record from the ubiquitous learning system. We analyze students' learning behavior from two aspects: horizontal and vertical, and give the analysis results. The system can provide personalized suggestions for learners according to the results of learning analysis. According to the feedback from learners, we can see that this u-learning system can greatly improve learning interest and quality of learners.

An intelligent light emitting diode (LED) dimming system is designed and implemented for energy-saving lighting systems. An LED light bulb is powered by an LED driver controlled by a microcontroller using pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. By changing the duty cycle of the PWM signals, the LED driver generates a driving current of up to 1,000 mA. The current consumption by the LED light bulb exhibits a very linear characteristic that indicates that the level of LED dimming can be finely tuned. Multiple sensors-lighting intensity and ultrasonic range sensors-are combined with the LED dimming system to realize an automatically controllable LED lighting system. The light intensity sensor is capable of sensing ambient light. The ultrasonic range sensor can detect objects from 0.15 to 5.6 m at a resolution of 0.0254 m. The collected information by the light intensity and ultrasonic range sensors is processed by the microcontroller that in turn automatically controls the brightness of the LED light bulb. The algorithm of the software for the LED dimming system is also described.

Recently, biological researches are required to deal with a large scale of data. While scientists used classical experimental approaches for researches in the past, it is possible to get more sophisticated observations easily with the convergence of information technologies and biology. The study on diseases is one of the most important issues of the life science. Conventional services and databases provide users with information such as classification of diseases, symptoms, and medical treatments through the Web. However, it is hard to connect or develop them for other new services because they have independent and different criteria. It may be a factor that interferes the development of biology. In this paper, we propose integrated data structures for the disease databases. We also design and implement a novel directory system for diseases as an infrastructure for developing the new diseases services.

In this paper, an electric tram system with a wireless power transfer system based on SMFIR technology is presented. The detailed technology of power-line infra, regulator, and pick-up device is described for train application, respectively. Furthermore, implementation and experimental results for wireless power transfer electric tram are presented.

An electronic document based on PDF has been widely used in customer communication between an enterprise and a customer to deliver personalized content. However, electronic documents based on PDF in the form of paper layouts are not suitable for mobile environments because of low readability and lack of interactive interaction. Even though HTML is an essential language in a mobile environment, electronic document based on PDF is still used as it has a content integrity verification feature with a digital signature. It means that a user is sacrificing user experience in a mobile environment for content integrity and using paper-layout electronic documents. In this research, we design the Document HTML specification by setting the Document HTML conformance, adding the extended meta tags, and signing the message digest with a digital signature based on public key infrastructure (PKI). Furthermore, we implemented the Document HTML system, which has REST API services to generate and verify the Document HTML, and did experimental verification of the theory. As a result, we have confirmed that the Document HTML has both content integrity and user experience on mobile. Furthermore, the Document HTML is expected to be an alternative document format to deliver personalized content from an enterprise to a customer in a mobile environment instead of the paper layout electronic document such as PDF.

RFID technology is one of the verification technology that use radio frequency. Use and study of RFID are on the increase because RFID is a one of main technologies in ubiquitous. In this paper, we address to develop a Record Processing System using RFID. The purpose of this paper is improvement of accuracy and efficiency on Record Processing System by applying RFID. Later, this paper will be able to help to establish of u-Campus.

Nowadays, the number of pets in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is continuously growing, and people's perception of animals is changing. Accordingly, new systems and services for them are emerging. Despite such changes, there are still many serious problems such as animal cruelty, abandonment, and factory-type breeding places. In this study, we have conducted a research on the design of a humane animal care system and its implementation with Java. The methodology involved in the design will enable managing animals' safety and health by systematically categorizing and studying each health-related issue for protection. Moreover, with this methodology, animals can avert risks through periodic examinations, and the analyzed data will be useful in managing animals efficiently. Thus, this paper proposes a system that monitors whether the owners actually carry out such obligation. Authors expect this convenient, easily accessible system to lead to a more humane approach to the animals they own. The authors plan to establish an animal care network together with local animal associations for the active promotion of the system implemented in this study, in the hope that the network will be extended nationwide.

We propose a feature-based multi-resolution representation of B-rep solid models using history-based Boolean operations based on the merge-and-select algorithm. Because union and subtraction are commutative in the history-based Boolean operations, the integrity of the models at various levels of detail (LOD) is guaranteed for the reordered features regardless of whether the features are subtractive or additive. The multi-resolution solid representation proposed in this paper includes a non-manifold topological merged-set model of all feature primitives as well as a feature-modeling tree reordered consistently with a given LOD criterion. As a result, a B-rep solid model for a given LOD can be provided quickly, because the boundary of the model is evaluated without any geometric calculation and extracted from the merged set by selecting the entities contributing to the LOD model shape.

This study presents an adaptive English text regeneration system that modifies authentic materials to match learners' CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) proficiency levels (A1-C2). It addresses the crucial challenge of accessibility while maintaining the original meaning. Leveraging advancements in large language models (LLMs), our framework employs a three-phase process: first, CEFR-based text analysis utilizing curated vocabulary lists and syntactic metrics; second, multi-level regeneration through the fine-tuned Qwen 2.5 model; and third, rigorous validation of semantic fidelity (achieving a 92% BERT score) and readability. Experimental results with 300 learners indicate significant improvements, with a 32% increase in comprehension for beginner groups and a 25% increase for intermediate groups. Additionally, there is a 40% decrease in self-reported anxiety. The system's real-time processing capability (under 3 seconds per page) ensures practical scalability.Our work makes three key contributions: it establishes the first comprehensive framework covering all six CEFR levels with empirical validation; it integrates pedagogical and psychological principles to boost learner motivation and reduce anxiety; and it demonstrates the effectiveness of progressive complexity scaffolding while setting actionable benchmarks for LLM-driven educational tools. By balancing linguistic precision with psychological benefits-such as increased motivation and confidence-the system enhances the role of AI in language education. Future research will focus on adapting colloquial language and examining longitudinal impacts on knowledge retention, further bridging the gap between authentic content and learner needs.

In this paper, to prevent accidents of school vehicles used by students, which have emerged as a continuous social problem, a boarding and leaving notification system using Bluetooth beacons is proposed. The platform structure uses Bluetooth, a smartphone, and an application, and provides real-time message reception between parents and teachers. It is not simply a system with Bluetooth capability alone, but also an IcT technology that is closely related to real life using two-way communication. The purpose is to provide user-friendly ICT technology as an integrated system for more practical effects. Two-way exchange of information between parents and teachers using cloud servers is made possible. By using this Bluetooth beacon notification system, safety accidents in student vehicles are reduced, which brings confidence from traffic accidents to schoolchildren of parents and teachers. Therefore, it is expected that parents and teachers are expected to improve their mental stability and quality of life from traffic accidents.

For 3D display applications, auto-stereoscopic display methods that can provide 3D images without glasses have been actively developed. This paper is concerned with developing a display system for elemental images of real space using integral imaging. Unlike the conventional method, which reduces a color image to the level as much as a generated depth image does, we have minimized original color image data loss by generating an enlarged depth image with interpolation methods. Our method was efficiently implemented by applying a GPU parallel processing technique with OpenCL to rapidly generate a large amount of elemental image data. We also obtained experimental results for displaying higher quality integral imaging rather than one generated by previous methods.

Optical camera communication (OCC) leverages camera image sensors for data reception from light sources but faces challenges of low data rates and high bit error rates. This study introduces an OCC system combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with a UNet-based equalizer for signal denoising. Using pixel rows as transmission units, the system achieves a data rate of 9.2 kbps and a bit error rate of at 1 m. Python scripts facilitate system control, optimization, and embedded deployment, highlighting OCC’s potential for next-generation communication systems with improved performance over conventional methods.