Earticle

본고는 한국 현대시에 나타난 돈에 대한 인식과 그 언술 양상을 살펴보는 것을 목표로 한다. 우리 삶의 주요 변수인 ‘돈’이 직접적으로 드러나거나 구체화되어 나 타난 작품들을 대상으로, 돈에 대한 상상력이 한 편의 시로 구조화되는 방식에 초 점을 맞추고자 한다. 특히 돈을 매개로 하는 현실 인식의 태도와 그 형상화 방법 간의 일정한 상관성을 토대로 크게 네 가지로 유형화하고자 한다. ‘돈에 대한 욕망과 자연에의 은유적 전이’ 유형은, 돈에 대한 욕망을 자연에 은 유적으로 투사했다는 점에서 서정시 본령에 충실하다. 삶과 돈과 자연은 교환 은 유의 계열로 묶이는데, 이때 돈은 ‘자연(조물주)’의 기능적 등가물로 간주됨으로써 자연 현상의 보편적 원천으로 작용한다. ‘불평등한 삶의 핍진성과 환유적 서사’ 유 형은, 돈의 결핍과 돈의 과잉에서 비롯되는 현실을 묘사와 서사로 핍진성 있게 구 현한다. 인접성에 기반을 두는 환유적 상상력은 인간의 구체적인 경험과 깊이 연관될 수밖에 없기 때문에 일 상적인 사건이나 상황이 강조된다. ‘자본주의의 모순 과 아이러니 화법’ 유형은, 돈의 권능이 극대화됨으로써 인간이 소외되고 상품화 되는 자본주의의 구조적 모순을 겨냥한다. 기지, 풍자, 해학, 역설 등이 혼재하는 아이러니의 언술을 통해 돈으로 인한 물신화와 그 폐해를 공격하고 비판한다. ‘돈 에 대한 성찰과 아포리즘적 진술’ 유형은 돈 자체나, 돈의 본질이나 속성이나 비 밀 등에 천착한 사유와 성찰을 담은 짧고 간결한 아포리즘화된 언술 양식으로 표 출된다. 서정시에서 돈의 상상력이 형상화되는 시적 언술 양상을 고찰한 본고는 문학 과 현실의 상관관계에 유효한 해석의 척도를 제공한다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 한국 현대시에 나타난 예술사회학적 모색이기도 하다.

This paper tries to explicate the monetary imagination and its descriptive patterns in Korean modern poetry. The mode of monetary imagination being structuralized as a poem is focused in this paper dealing with poems in which the 'money' as a chief variable of our lives is directly or concretely expressed. And the descriptive patterns of monetary imagination are classified largely into four types basing especially upon certain correlations between the attitudes recognizing reality through money and the methods configurating them. The type of the 'monetary desire and its metaphoric transference into nature' makes the proper function satisfactory in terms of projecting the monetary desire metaphorically into nature. Life, money, and nature are bound by a series of exchangeable metaphors, then money operates as an universal source of natural phenomena because money is considered as a functional equivalent of nature(the Creator). The type of the 'verisimilitude of unequal life and its metonymic narration' describes, narrates, and concretes verisimilarly reality arising from the lack and excess of money. Everyday things or situations are emphasized because the metonymic imagination basing upon contiguity must be related deeply into concrete experiences of humans. The type of the 'capitalistic contradiction and ironic narration' aims at the structural contradiction of capitalism in which humans are alienated and commercialized by the maximized power of money. By use of an ironic description blending wits, satires, jests, and paradoxes, this type attacks and criticizes the monetary fetishism and its evil effects. The type of the 'reflection and aphoristic statement about money' is expressed as a briefly and concisely aphorized descriptive pattern containing the thoughts and reflections from inquiries into money itself, its essence, its property, or its secret. By considering the poetic descriptive patterns of monetary imagination being configurated in lyric poetry, this paper is meaningful not only to afford an effective measure for interpreting the correlation between literature and reality but also to grope for sociology of art in Korean modern poetry.

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

古代中國人把有關政治經濟社會文化各方面的故事總集稱爲‘類書’. 中國正式編纂類書, 從三國魏文帝曹丕勅令編纂 《皇覽》 開始, 但是大部分亡佚, 現存類書中最早的就是 《北堂書鈔》 《藝文類聚》 《初學記》. 以後經過宋明淸, 出現了很多類書. 其中 《山堂肆考》 是明代彭大翼私下編纂的類書. 彭大翼個人地綜合以前的多種類書, 所以該書里在記述上有些錯誤. 此論文爲了發現和修正這些錯誤, 分成由於字形類似的錯誤, 由於錯視現象的錯誤, 由於著者無知的錯誤, 由於脫字衍字的錯誤, 和原典本身的錯誤等等幾個項目, 來進行論議了. 總而言之, 讀者需要豫想某些類書里會有多種錯誤, 用與其他類書和原典比較､ 校勘的方式來讀書.

Background: The global burden of cancer is continuously increasing. According to recent report of the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) on time trends it is estimated that future burden of cancer cases for India in 2020 will be 1,320,928. It is well known that knowledge of the incidence of cancer is a fundamental requirement of rational planning and monitoring of cancer control programs. It would help health planners to formulate public health policy if relevant ethnic groups were considered. North East-India alone contains over 160 Scheduled Tribes and 400 other sub-tribal communities and groups, whose cancer incidence rates are high compared to mainland India. As since no previous study was done focusing on ethnicity, the present investigation was performed. Materials and Methods: In this paper PBCR-Guwahati data on all cancer registrations from January 2009 to December 2011 for residents of the Kamrup Urban District, comprising an area of 261.8 sq. km with a total population of 900,518, including individual records with information on sex, age, ethnicity and cancer site are provided. Descriptive statistics including age adjusted rates (AARs) were taken as provided by NCRP. For comparison of proportional incidence ratios (PIR) the Student's t test was used, with p<0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results and Conclusions: Differences in leading sites of Kamrup Urban District since from the beginning of the PBCR-Guwahati were revealed among different ethnic groups by this study. The results should help policy makers to formulate different strategies to control the level of burden as well as for treatment planning. This study also suggests that age is an important factor of cancer among different ethnic populations as well as for overall population of Kamrup District of Assam.

古代中國人把有關政治經濟社會文化各方面的故事總集稱爲‘類書’. 中國正式編纂類書, 從三國魏文帝曹丕勅令編纂 《皇覽》 開始, 但是大部分亡佚, 現存類書中最早的就是 《北堂書鈔》 《藝文類聚》 《初學記》. 以後經過宋明淸, 出現了很多類書. 其中 《山堂肆考》 是明代彭大翼私下編纂的類書. 彭大翼個人地綜合以前的多種類書, 所以該書里在記述上有些錯誤. 此論文爲了發現和修正這些錯誤, 分成由於字形類似的錯誤, 由於錯視現象的錯誤, 由於著者無知的錯誤, 由於脫字衍字的錯誤, 和原典本身的錯誤等等幾個項目, 來進行論議了. 總而言之, 讀者需要豫想某些類書里會有多種錯誤, 用與其他類書和原典比較､ 校勘的方式來讀書.

본 연구는 최근까지의 전도서의 연구 동향을 간단히 정리하여 요약하며, 전도서의 통합적 연구에 장애요인이 되었던 해석학적 전제인 ‘변증법적 신학’의 한계를 지적하였다. 필자는 전도서의 내용적 특이성을 해결하는 출발점을, 구약의 전통적인 지혜문학에서 사용하던 ‘관찰-사유-지식 확립’을 기본 뼈대로 하는 ‘서술형 사고패턴’에서 찾았으며, 이러한 사고패턴이 발견되는 대표적인 실례로서 잠언 24장 30-34절과 전도서 3장 16-22절을 구문론과 의미론으로 비교 분석하였다. 비교 분석의 결과 ‘서술형 사고패턴’ 내에서 ‘1인칭 자기보도’ (Ich- Bericht)-‘3인칭 서술’(Er-Beschreibung)-‘2인칭 화법’(Du-Rede)으로 문체가 전환됨(Stilwechsel)이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 문체전환을 통해 관찰자는 독자들에게 설득력 있는 지식(또는 지혜)을 확립(Feststellung)해 주고 있다. 전도서의 저자는 이러한 지식(또는 지혜)의 확립을 위해 독자의 인식을 깨우치는 수사적인 장치로 ‘공시화’라고 하는 기법을 사용하고 있다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 ‘서술형 사고패턴’의 재구성을 통해서 전도서가 구약 지혜문학의 전통의 계승자이자 혁신자임을 밝혔다.

This study is presented as a summary of the recent trend of researches in Ecclesiastes, and points out the limit of dialectical theology as its hermeneutical premise. To resolve the unique character of the formal development of themes in Ecclesiastes, the researcher re-constructs the utilization of the “Descriptive-Think-Pattern” idea. In the opinion of the writer, its foundation is laid as the framework ‘Observe-Think-Establish’. This Think-Pattern belongs to a method of the Old Testament’s traditional wisdom. Additionally, the writer verifies this pattern by comparing and analyzing the Bible passages, Proverbs 24:30-34 and Ecclesiastes 3:16-22, which can be regarded as representative examples of the “Descriptive-Think-Pattern” idea. As a result, narration style changes are also revealed, as developments from first-person report to third-person description and then to second-person narrative are in turn seen throughout. Through this tendency of narrative style changes, their author strives for persuasive knowledge and insight to be handed over to the readers. Besides, to ensure the transfer of this knowledge and wisdom, the author uses ‘Synchronization Methods’ as rhetorical tools to awaken the perception of the readers. Through studying the “Descriptive-Think-Pattern,” this study illuminates the importance and prevalence of the tradition of Ecclesiastes in relation to the wisdom literature in the Old Testament. In conclusion, the writer takes the view that the Preacher is a successor and innovator of the wisdom tradition of the Old Testament.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a two-syllable Chinese character is a Chinese phrase or a Chinese character that appears in the Korean language of the modern Enlightenment period, through a two-syllable Chinese word that has an adverbial or descriptive composition. In the data that corresponds between Korean style and Chinese style, it was confirmed that the separation of the “adverb language + descriptive language” composition and the use of individual one-syllable Chinese characters could contribute to the modernity of the style. It was judged that if the two-syllable Chinese characters, which constitute an “adverbial word+descriptive word” in Korean and Chinese characters, are not separated from Chinese characters, the two-syllable Chinese characters used in Chinese characters are likely to be Chinese phrases. When the two syllables were separated from the two syllable Chinese characters in the construction of ‘adverbial and descriptive’, we looked at the first syllable Chinese adverb (e.g.) There are three categories of 1-syllable Chinese characters: It was confirmed that Chinese characters, which are predominant in separation from pure Chinese characters, may have been Chinese characters similar to syntactic composition or temporary words inferred from other two-syllable Chinese structures, even if the two-syllable Chinese characters that it forms appear to be one word in Chinese characters. And the one-syllable Chinese-language adverb (eh), where separation prevails, identified the possibility that the two-syllable Chinese characters it forms were Chinese-language words in Chinese characters.