Earticle

기독교에 대한 한국사회의 부정적 이미지의 영향으로 그리스도인들의 탈교회 현상 이 발생하고 있고 전도는 더욱 어려워지고 있다. 교회공동체 내에서도 결혼률 저조 현상과 저출산, 교육과 산업에 따른 이주 등으로 지방과 소규모 교회는 이미 위축되 고있고, 도시교회도위축을염려하고있다. 통계적으로도 확인할 수 있는 한국교회의 위축현상의 원인은 한국교회의 영적, 도 덕적 문제에만 돌려질 수 없는, 좀 더 깊은, 한국사회 체제 및 구조에 있다. 거시적 원인검토에서한국사회의체제및구조이념이라고할수있는민족주의, 민주주의, 자본주의 이념과 그에 따른 사회적 변화, 그 기준에서의 한국교회에 대한 사회적 인 식에서 한국교회 이미지의 명암은 결정되어왔고, 그 이미지는 한국교회 위축의 주 요한근본적원인이되었다. 위축현실에 직면해 있는 교회교육의 대응전략은 기존의 교회교육노력에 더하여, 거시적 원인을 고려할 때 필연적으로 세계관교육 차원으로 깊어져야 한다. 교회 내 적으로는 기독교세계관 선언의 공적 문서작성에 이어 기독교세계관교육으로 사회적 통찰을 가 진, 매력 있는 그리스도인 지도자를 양성하고 그러한 모델을 유지하는 직분자 재교육과 신학교육 재조정이 필요하고, 교회위축의 직접 원인인 결혼과 출 산과 양육에 대한 교육 및 공동체의 지원전략이 요청된다. 사회적 흐름을 적극적으 로 활용한 대응책은 학교교육, 토요학교, 가난한 계층을 위한 보충과외교육, 보육 복지 등의 분야에서 찾아질 수 있다. 이러한 교육 방안은 교회공동체를 위한 교육기 회이기도 하고, 또한 지역사회에 긍정적인 방식으로 봉사하면서 교회의 외연을 확 대하는것으로서교회의위축에대응하는효율적인방안이될것이다.

The negative image of Korean society to Evangelistic Protestant churches has recently caused immature christians to stop going churches and non-christians to take rejection attitude to evangelism. Churches in countries and small cities were already decreased by both the decrease of marriage rate and birth rate, and then small sized churches in big cities also worry about the same decrease phenomenon. The main cause of statistical decrease of church population can be found in more fundamental system and structure of Korean society than in spiritual and ethical dimension of Korean churches. From the macroscopic societal observation, the fundamental structure ideas of Korean society such as nationalism, democracy and capitalism, and the social changes caused by the ideas, and the social perception by their standards have determined the positive image or negative image to churches, which became important fundamental cause of decrease phenonenon. Therefore, the new responsive strategy of church education facing comprehensive decrease necessarily has to consider Christian world view education, with present various attempts in church education. Firstly, a public document stating Christian world view needs to be made in denominations and in evangelistic circles. Secondly, Christian world view education for both theology students and church office bearers needs to be done on the basis of the public document. Thirdly, education and supporting strategy for Christian marriage, family and parenting need to be attempted systematically. The responsive educational strategy in the social context can be designed in such areas as Christian schooling, Saturday school, private teaching for the poor children, and nursery. These strategy will provide Christian education for Christians, as well as providing education service for social community. These enlarged education activities of church will contribute to overcome the decrease phenomenon, as they make community people to form much positive image to churches.

Lysosomes are known widely as functional organelles in all eukaryotes by the Belgian cytologist Christian de Duve in 1949. These organelles contain various enzymes like lysozyme to degradate the molecules came from outside. On the other hands, the melanin is a ubiquitous pigment that has many different properties. Too much of melanin leads to make some problems so that we need to maintain amount of melanin normally. To use this functions in lysosomal enzymes, in our study, we found that lysosomes are able to decrease the color intensity of melanin. we measured that superficial intensity of lysosomal activities increased after we treated melanin. Besides when we treated lysosomes isolated from mammalian cells to melanocytes, quantities of melanin decreased. Additionally, to prove biologically lysosomes and melanin, we measured that amount of melanin on different passage. Melanin and lysosomes activities showed differently by aging. Therefore, in our results can show a relations between lysosomes and malenin. We assured that lysosomes are as a useful agent for decreasing amount of melanin.

As the average age of national veterans has increased from 69 years old(2011) to 71 years old(since 2015) over the past five years, the overall medical service cost of veterans has increased by about 20%. The main cause of this phenomenon is 'ultra-aging', which accounts for 67% of veterans, while the proportion of health insurance patients aged 70 or older is 9%. Therefore, it is judged that the analysis of the trend of use of medical services at veterans hospitals in each region that is in charge of severe medical services of national veterans can serve as an opportunity to seek countermeasures for the severe medical system of national veterans. First of all, based on the details of major medical expenses (hospitalization, outpatient, pharmaceutical expenses) by region for the last 10 years(2010-2019), data significance was performed through a chi-square test, and the Central Veterans Hospital and Non-Central Veterans Hospital using EXCEL. 'Expected frequency' was calculated by year. By applying the CHITEST(observation frequency, expected frequency) function again, the p-value(p<0.05) was calculated, and the profit bias of each region's veterans hospital could be determined. The specific research method is for the last 10 years(2010-2019) for state-sponsored patients_outpatient treatment income, state-sponsored patients_hospitalization income, exempt patients_outpatients at the Central Veterans Hospital, Busan Veterans Hospital, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Daegu Veterans Hospital, and Daejeon Veterans Hospital. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to verify the significance of the difference between group averages on the status of 5 medical revenues of veterans hospitals in each of the 5 regions, including medical treatment income, reduced patients_hospitalization income, and reduced patients_medicine expenses. It was found to be significant(p<0.05) at all levels, including region and type. Finally, the bias in the profit structure of regional veterans hospitals was the highest in 2017(p=0.0004) and the lowest in 2013(p=0.0349). In addition, in the profit structure of the Veterans Hospital, the year in which the'regional' variable worked the most was 2019, and the year with the least affected was 2010. The order of the former is Jungang(=31,674,713), Busan(=12,314,614), Gwangju(=11,957,038), Daegu(=10,168,015), and Daejeon(=6,991,034), and the order of the latter is Jungang(=57,868,791), and Busan(=19,183,194). Gwangju(=17,904,712), Daegu(=15,656,034), and Daejeon(=14,377,395). In conclusion, the profit bias of veterans hospitals repeatedly raced the lowest(p=0.01986) and highest(p=0.03499) for the past five years(2010-2014) year by year, with the 'regional' variable being the most in the veterans hospital's profit structure It was identified as a major influence factor. On the other hand, for the last 5 years (2015-2019), the influence factors of the'regional' variable every year were in 2015(p=0.02015), 2016(p=0.01741), 2017(p=0.00045), and 2018(p=0.00394). in 2019(p=0.00227), a significant difference was confirmed at a very low level.

What was once known as common courtesy is rapidly disappearing in the air travel industry, and the violent behavior known as air rage is a constant threat. Once sought after by other industries for advice because of its expertise in customer service, the air travel industry has now slipped to the lowest rungs of companies with unhappy customers. As airlines cut corners in order to avoid bankruptcy, passengers' patience is tested by the stress of flight delays, crowded airports and close packed seating on airplanes. This article examines the situation, strategies used by passengers and ways the airline industry might better inspire courteous behavior in passengers. A cultural expectation of entitlement and competitiveness for limited resources has led to a breakdown in civilized behavior throughout society, both in the United States and internationally. Air travelers faced with rude and intrusive behavior from others on the flight are beginning to find their own ways of coping, such as high quality headphones to block offensive noises, and mechanical devices to keep the seat in front from reclining to the point where it hits their knees. The most potentially effective remedies will come from airlines that enlist cooperation by offering effective passenger education and possibly even incentives. Acceptable airline behaviors need to be plainly defined and stressed for passengers, both before boarding and onboard. In this paper, some methods are suggested to motivate passengers and to inspire courteous behavior.

With society becoming more advanced and complex, the required management engineering makes essential the development of human resources that can propose solutions for problems of new phenomena from a different perspective. As an example of such phenomena, we note a consumer electronics 'Eco-point' system campaign in this study. To mitigate global warming, revitalize the economy, and encourage the adoption of terrestrial digital compatible TVs, the consumer electronics Eco-point system campaign was implemented in May 2009 in Japan. In this study, we note a model which is constant term with exponential curve with notion of the growth phenomenon (Nakagiri and Kurita, Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan, 2002). In our study, we call this model the 'differential equation model of the growth phenomenon.' This model represents a phenomenon with a hierarchical structure for capturing the properties of n species. In this study, we propose a new model which can represent not only the impact of largescale campaigns but also seasonal factors. Accordingly, we understand the phenomenon of fluctuation of sales of some products caused by large-scale campaigns and predict the fluctuation of sales. The final goal of this study is to develop human resources that can propose provision and solution for pre-consumption and reactionary decline in demand by understanding the impact of large-scale campaigns. As the first step of this goal, our objective is to propose a new regression method with different conventional perspective that can describe the fluctuation of sales caused by large-scale campaigns and show the possibility of new management engineering education.

The change of population structure is one of the fundamental elements that stipulates the basic frames of politics, economy and society in a certain nation. One cannot establish the reasonable policies of political system, industrial structure, housing problems and social security without the understanding of population situations in a given nation. It is necessary to have a sound and dynamic population structure to maintain the nation’s growth momentum. When the population steadily decreases and the aging of population accelerates, the production and the consumption shrink, and the growth potential diminishes due to the reduction of the economically active population. In addition, the overall economic burden of supporting the population is aggravated and the pressure on the fiscal deficit gets serious due to increased social welfare spending. Given this statement, facing the situations of the population decline in full swing since 1992 and even the shrinking labor force since 2007, Russia regards the population problem as a crucial issue for the nation’s fate. The Soviet Union experienced the population decreases four times, they were temporary phenomena by political or military upheavals. After the population of Far East peaked at about 8 million in 1992 at a rapid speed with the result of emigration policy of the Soviet Union for the development of Far East that is rich in natural resources, the political and economic situation in Far East is estimated to have an unpredictable and negative change owing to the steady population decrease in Far East, such as Sakhalin and Vladivostok. Moreover, as population decrease and aging of population have carried long-term and structural aspects since 1992, they have caused economic and social problems in the regions. Sociologists warn that if the current imbalance in the level of immigration persists, the population of Far East in 2025 can be reduced to 4.7 million, the level of the Far East in 1959. Thus, in the thesis I investigate the population decrease in Sakhalin which is a main part of Far East. In Chapter II.2 I analyze the change of total population in Sakhalin from 1970 to 2009. The data on the gender ratio by year of Sakhalin are presented based on data from Регионы России (2008) and the social characteristics according to gender are examined in Chapter II.3. The gender ratios by age groups of Sakhalin are provided on the basis of the data of the Sakhalin State Statistics Bureau and their characteristic symptoms are described in Chapter II.4. Finally, in Chapter III I present the causes of the ongoing population decrease phenomena in Sakhalin and the effort of Russian government for the decrease. This population decline phenomenon in Sakhalin has a significant influence on the recent increasing expansion of Korean enterprises into Russia in order to secure natural resources and enter consuming markets as well as on the economy of Far East.