Earticle

Humans need to obtain nutrients from foods for survival and health. Culture and belief play important roles in food selection and intake. Throughout human history, dietary factor has been one of the important factors inducing and causing outbreaks of infectious diseases. If unhealthy eating behavior, like eating raw/undercooked food or meat and products from wild animals, are not abandoned, foodborne infectious diseases will remain an important risk factor of outbreaks and epidemics. The misconception of dietary culture is one of the important factors that triggers unhealthy eating behavior. Therefore, it is vital to change people’s conceptions and knowledge about what is healthy to eat, in order to completely eliminate unhealthy eating behavior and prevent the recurrence of foodborne infectious diseases. Meanwhile, many factors such as family, society, region, and religion should be involved in.

Purpose: This study examined the relationships between nurses' exercise behavior and their anger control using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Methods: The participants were 290 nurses in South Korea, who completed a survey questionnaire on general characteristics, the stage of exercise behavior change, and anger emotion, evaluated using state anger and anger expression method. Results: Those who engaged in regular exercise behavior exhibited lower levels of state anger and higher levels of anger control than those who did not. In the prediction model, a significant association of exercise behavior with anger control was found. The levels of anger control decreased as the age, education level, and work experiences of nurses decreased. Anger control scores were significantly higher than anger suppression scores and anger expression-out scores in the hospital nurses. Conclusion: Engaging in regular exercise may help nurses manage anger emotions better.

This study aims to identify whether unique anxiety profiles in school-age children and parents exist, and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on anxiety control beliefs (ACB) and parenting behavior. A total of 265 children (C) in grades 4 to 6 and their mother (M) and father (F) participated in this study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed three anxiety profiles: (1) C high-MF mid profile, (2) CMF low profile, and (3) F high-CM mid profile. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed profile differences except for mother’s negative behavior. It is suggested that children’s cognitive vulnerability and parenting behaviors were likely to aggravate anxiety issues within a family contexts.

We examined joint influences of Implicit Motivation to Control Prejudice (IMCP) and exposure to counterstereotypic stimuli on spontaneous racial bias. Participants performed a Shooter Task (Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002) wherein the ratios of stereotypic (i.e., armed Black) and counterstereotypic targets were manipulated. Then all participants performed the standard Shooter Task with equal ratios of targets. Those higher in IMCP showed less bias, as did participants in the Counterstereotypic condition. The pattern of results also suggests that the counterstereotypic exemplar effect on Shooter Bias was larger for those relatively high in IMCP.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the performance of infection control of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) by nurses in intensive care units (ICU) in general hospitals. Methods: Participants were 105 ICU nurses from 6 general hospitals. The questions for the survey performed were based on the theory of planned behavior, such as attitude towards infection control of MDROs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and performance. Results: In the relationship between subjective norms towards infection control of MDROs and performance, intention showed a significant complete mediating effect; and in the relationship between perceived behavioral control and performance, intention showed a partial mediating effect. The attitude towards infection control of MDROs was excluded from the mediating effect verification because there was no significant correlation between intention and performance. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that department atmosphere and perceived behavior control promotion programs should be developed to enhance subjective norms in order to promote the performance of infection control of MDROs.

본 연구는 비만한 남녀 노인을 대상으로 성별에 따른 체중조절 행위와 관련된 사회·인구학적 특성 및 건강상태 특성 관련 요인을 분석하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구는 제8기 국민건강영양조사 1-3차년도 (2019-2021년) 원시 자료를 활용한 이차분석 연구로서 비만 남녀 노인 1,559명(남자 626명, 여자 933명)을 대상으로 복합표본분석을 시행하였다. SPSS/WIN 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정과 다중 로지 스틱 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 연구 결과 남자 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위의 관련 요인은 연령(65-74세), 교육 수준(중졸 이상), 식이조절여부(시도자)이었고, 여자 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위 관련요인으로는 연령(65-74세), 교육수준(중졸 이상), 소득수준(상중위), 현재 흡연(비흡연), 근력운동(실천자), 식이조절 여부(시도자)로 나타났다. 이 결과는 비만 노인의 체중조절 행위를 개선하기 위한 간호전략이 성별에 따라 차별화되어야 함을 시사한다.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with weight-control behavior according to the gender of obese older adults based on their socio-demographic and health characteristics. The sample consisted of a total of 1,559 obese older adults and was extracted from the Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019~2021). As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older men, 65-74 years old, higher education level and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older women, 65-74 years old, higher education level, higher income level, currently not smoking, trying to perform strength exercise and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. The finding indicate that nursing strategies should be gender-specific to improve weight-control behavior in obese older adults.

The current study aimed to investigate whether video-based e-learning (i.e., the Educational Broadcasting Service (EBS)) influences the achievement of Korean high school students (years 2-3) in English as a foreign language (EFL) through the mediation of their use of behavior control strategies. The study used data from the 2010 and 2011 Korean Education Longitudinal Study of 2,309 students. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze whether the behavior control strategies mediated consistent use of EBS with high school students and whether video-based e-learning led to an increase or a decrease in the students’ EFL achievement test scores. In general, consistent EBS use resulted in changes in the high school students’ EFL achievement test results with the mediation of the behavior control strategies. However, a decrease model showed slightly better model-data fit than an increase model because in the decrease model the time management and resource use strategies had a significant negative relationship to decreases in the EFL test scores between year 2 and year 3. As a significant function of time management, EBS use seemed to work in preventing decreases in EFL achievement.

To mitigate climate change, emissions control enterprises need to innovate to strike a balance between corporate economics and the environment. Businesses are the mainstay of innovation in the marketplace, but innovation has its roots in employees, and the ability of employees to effectively implement individual innovative behavioral activities within the organization is an essential factor affecting a business's ability to innovate. Then how to promote employee's innovative behavior in emissions control enterprises? Research has shown that a positive climate for organizational innovation stimulates employee creativity, encouraging them to introduce fresh ideas and solutions to problems. Organizational commitment can increase employees' sense of belonging and identity and motivate them to contribute to the organization's growth. Psychological empowerment can increase employee autonomy and decision-making power, demonstrate creativity and initiative, and make them more willing to introduce fresh ideas and try different approaches. To promote the low-carbon development of China's emissions control enterprises and improve the innovation behavior of their employees. The study intends to provide practical policies and practical recommendations for improving employee innovation behavior, while providing some references for related industries. To this end, a total of 607 effective questionnaires were collected from emissions controls enterprises' employees in China. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for confirmation reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmation factor analysis, path analysis and mediation effect analysis. The results show the organizational innovation climate of Chinese emission control enterprises has a positive (+) effect on employee innovation behavior; organizational commitment and psychological empowerment have a positive (+) effect on employee innovation behavior. In an organizational innovation climate, organizational commitment and psychological empowerment have a moderating effect on employee innovative behavior.

배경: 아동의 전인발달을 위한 개인 및 환경적 요인에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 아동의 안정적인 심 리, 사회, 정서 발달과 관련하여 개인 및 환경적 요인이 되는 아동의 자기통제와 부모의 양육행동 및 사 회적 지지에 대한 관심이 요구되고 있다. 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 부모의 양육행동이 아동의 공격성에 미치는 영향과 함께 아동의 자기통제의 매 개효과와 부모의 사회적 지지의 조절된 매개효과를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법론/접근: 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국아동패널의 조사자료(Panel Study on Korean Children)인 자녀 아 동의 나이가 60개월 이상의 만5～6세 대상의 7차(2014년) 조사 자료를 사용하였다. 한국아동패널 7차 조 사는 총 1,620명이 참여하였으며, 분석에 사용된 측정지표에 모두 응답한 1,561명의 자료를 SPSS 25와 PROCESS Macro 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과/결론: 부모의 양육행동이 온정적일수록 아동의 자기통제가 유의미하게 증가하였다. 증가한 아동의 자기통제는 아동의 공격성을 줄이는 방향으로 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다. 아동의 자기통제가 높을수록 공격성이 유의미하게 감소하였으며, 사회적 지지가 높을수록 아동의 공격성이 유의미하게 감소하였다. 아 동의 자기통제와 사회적 지지의 조절된 매개효과는 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 시사점: 연구결과를 바탕으로 부모의 양육행동과 아동의 자기통제를 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있는 정책 적, 실천적 개입을 위한 함의를 제시하였다.

Background: Attention is focused on individual and environmental factors for children's holistic development, and stable psychology of children. In relation to social and emotional development, attention is required to self-control of children, parents' parenting behavior, and social support, which are individual and environmental factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the mediating effect of children's self-control and the controlled mediating effect of parents' social support, along with the effect of parents' parenting behavior on children's aggression. Methodology/Approach: To this end, this study used the 7th (2014) survey data of children aged 5 to 6 years old who are over 60 months old, which is the Panel Study on Korean Children. A total of 1,620 people participated in the 7th survey of the Korean Children's Panel, and data from 1,561 people who responded to all the metrics used in the analysis were analyzed using the SPSS 25 and PROCESS Macro programs. Findings/Conclusions: The more compassionate the parenting behavior of parents, the more significant the child's self-control increased. Increased child self-control significantly affected the direction of reducing child aggression. The higher the child's self-control, the more significantly the aggression decreased, and the higher the social support, the more significantly the child's aggression decreased. It was confirmed that the controlled mediating effect of children's self-control and social support was significant. Implications: Based on the results of the study, implications for policy and practical interventions that can contribute to improving parents' parenting behavior and children's self-control were presented.

Purpose: This study was carried out to find factors affecting weight-control behavior intention in female college students based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The subjects were 453 female students from everywhere other than the Gangwon Province and Jeju Island. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. Results:The factors affecting weight-control behavior intention in female college students within 2 weeks were attitudes and subjective norms. These two factors accounted for 20.0% of weight-control behavior intention. Also, when body shape satisfaction and BMI were added to variables of the theory of planned behavior like attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control, these 5 factors accounted for a total of 34.1%. Conclusion: Due to their distorted perception in preferring skinny body shapes, female college students are likely to attempt at inappropriate weight control behavior. Through intervention with such factors as attitudes and body image satisfaction, which have been derived from the results of this study, healthy weight control behavior should be pursued in practice.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 계획된 행위이론에 근거하여 감염병 지정병원 간호사의 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019; COVID-19) 환자 간호의도에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하고, 행위의도에 영향을 미치는 변인으로 공감능력을 추가하여 COVID-19 환자 간호의도에 대한 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 방법: 연구 대상자는 대한민국 J 시와 C 시에 위치한 감염병 지정병원의 일반병동, 중환자실, 응급실에서 직접 간호업무를 수행하는 간호사 167명이었다. 자료수집은 COVID-19 팬데믹 시기인 2020년 10월 12일부터 10월 25일까지 수행되었으며, 독립표본 t-검정, 분산분석(ANOVA), 피어슨 상관 계수 및 위계적 회귀 분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 지각된 행위 통제 조절 효과는 Process Macro Model 1을 이용하여 분석하였고(10,000번의 부트스트래핑, 95% 신뢰 구간), 그룹별 차이를 확인하기 위해 단순기울기 분석이 수행되었다. 결과: 연구결과 1단계 모형에서 COVID-19 환자 간호의도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 행위에 대한 태도(=.32 p<.001), 지각된 행위통제(=.37, p<.001)였으며 모형의 설명력은 49.0% (R2=.49, F=19.27, p<.001)였다. 2단계 모형에서 공감능력의 하위영역 중 COVID-19 환자 간호의도와 상관성을 보였던 공감적 관심, 관점수용을 추가하여 분석한 결과, 행위에 대한 태도(=.28, p<.001), 지각된 행위통제(=.36, p<.001), 공감능력 중 관점수용(=.26, p<.001)이 COVID-19 환자 간호의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 최종적으로 모형의 설명력은 65.0%(R2=.65, F=18.41, p<.001)였다. COVID-19 환자 간호행위에 대한 태도와 간호의도와의 관계에서 지각된 행위통제의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, COVID-19 환자 간호행위에 대한 태도와 지각된 행위통제의 상호작용은 유의하지 않았고(β=.04, t=0.64, p=.525), 주관적 규범과 간호의도와의 관계에서 지각된 행위통제의 조절효과에서는 주관적 규범과 지각된 행위통제의 상호작용은 유의하여(β=.14, t=2.14, p=.034), 주관적 규범이 간호의도에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 지각된 행위통제의 조절효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 통해 COVID-19 환자 간호의도를 증진시키기 위해서 실무교육, 자신감 강화 프로그램 개발 및 공감 능력 향상 프로그램을 개발하고 적용할 필요가 있다.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing nurses' intention to care for COVID-19 patients basedon the theory of planned behavior, and to test the moderating effect of perceived behavior control betweenattitude, subjective norms, and nurses' intention to care. Methods: The participants were 167 nurses workingat two designated hospitals for infectious diseases located in J and C city, South Korea. Data were collectedfrom October 10th to 25th, 2020, and analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlationcoefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The moderating effect was analyzed using the ProcessMacro model 1 (95% confidence interval, 10,000 bootstrapping), and a simple slope analysis was performedto identify the moderating effect of perceived behavior control. Results: The factors affecting nurses’ intentionto care for patients with COVID-19 were attitude toward the behavior (β=.32, p<.001) and perceivedbehavior control (β=.37, p<.001) in model 1, attitude toward the behavior (β=.28, p<.001) and perceivedbehavior control (β=.36, p<.001), and perspective taking (β=.26, p<.001) in model 2. The explanation powerof this model was 65.0% (F=18.41, p<.001). The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control wasstatistically significant in the relationship between subjective norms and intention to care for patients withCOVID-19 (F=16.37, p<.001). In the simple slope analysis, the reinforcement effect was greatest when thelevel of perceived behavioral control was at the mean (95% CI=0.46~0.67) and high (95% CI=0.70~1.08). Conclusion: Developing and applying a training program that enhances confidence and improves empathy isnecessary to increase nurses’ intention to care for COVID-19 patients.

본 연구는 여대생의 체중조절행위와 비만스트레스를 파악하고자 2013년 9월 7일부터 9월 13일까지 경상남도 C시 소재 4개 대학에 재학 중인 여대생 213명을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, t-검증(t-test), 일원분산분석(ANOVA), 사후 검증(Scheffe's-test)을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 대상자의 비만스트레스 정도는 $18.26{\pm}5.66$으로 중간정도로 나타났다. 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 체중조절행위 특성에 따른 비만스트레스와의 차이는 경제상태(F=3.99, p=.020), 체형인식(F=14.41, p<.001), 체형 체격 만족도(F=15.88, p<.001), 체중조절관심도(F=4.82, p=.001), 음식량 조절(F=2.41, p=.050), 체형 체격 강박(F=24.06, p<.001), 식이요법경험(F=6.04, p<.001), 평균수면시간(t=2.10, p=.036), 원하는 체중 감량정도(F=10.47, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 여대생을 대상으로 올바른 체중인식과 체중조절 프로그램의 개발 시에는 비만스트레스와 관련한 다양한 특성들을 고려하여 개발하는 것이 필요하다.

This study was conducted to investigate weight control behavior and obesity stress of college women. The data were collected from September 7 to September 13 of 2013 and the subjects were 213 college women in C city of Gyoung-nam Province. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test. The score of obesity stress was moderate($18.26{\pm}5.66$). The level of obesity stress was affected by various general characteristics and weight control behavior characteristics including economic status(F=3.99, p=0.020), figure recognition(F=14.41, p<.001), satisfaction of body figure(F=15.88, p<.001), interest of weight control(F=4.82, p=.001), control of food amount(F=2.41, p=.050), body figure compulsion(F=24.06, p<.001), experience of dieting (F=6.04, p<.001), sleeping hours(t=2.10, p=.036), desired losing weight (F=10.47, p<.001). Therefore, it is necessary to be considered these variables during development of body weight control programs for college women.

Mostly a ride comfort and handling performance of vehicle is influenced by dynamic behavior control of vehicle. We are focusing on development of a semi-intelligent suspension system with continuously variable damper(HS-SH type). only using absolute velocity of sprung mass without using the relative velocity besides having lower system prices and a little energy requirement. In this paper, the system is realized in consideration to control strategy (sky-hook control, hybrid filter, etc.) and has been proved to have improvement of behavior control of vehicle by quarter car and Vehicle test, respectively.

The study investigated the eating lifestyles of female consumers and whether they influenced weight control behavior. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the eating lifestyles of the subjects were presented four types: 'active eating life pursuit type', 'safe economical type', 'gourmet type' and 'passive negligence type'. In general, most cases were of the 'passive negligence type'. Second, weight control behavior was analyzed according to eating lifestyle. The results of the analysis indicated that the female consumers of the 'active eating life pursuit type' and 'safe economy type' had high behavior levels in each aspect of weight control attitude, subjective regulation, perceived behavior control, and behavior intention. Third, the 'gourmet type', with a strong preference for taste, and the 'passive negligence type', with fewer eating considerations in general, showed weaker attitudes towards weight control and the recognition of pressure from people around them. As such, the level of consideration for food or eating was correlated with weight control. These findings impliedy that the more active, safer, and economical women are in their general eating style, the stronger they perceive weight control issues.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between self-control behavior, social comparison attitude, self-efficacy and health promotion activities of college students who had health related majors (nursing, dental hygiene, health administration). Methods: The subjects consisted of 413 college students. Data were collected by self reported questionnaires that were designed to evaluate self-control behavior, social attitudes, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle (HPLP). Data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC win 14.0 program. Results: Upward & parallel comparison, self-efficacy and parents income were positively correlated with health promotion activities by college students. The most significant predictors of health promotion activities for college students were self-efficacy and self-control behavior. Conclusion: Health promotion activities for college students are influenced by self-efficacy, self-control behavior, and upward comparison. In conclusion, to increase the health promotion activities of college students, methods designed to increase self-efficacy should be prepared while considering the self-control behavior and comparative propensity towards others.

Purpose: the purposes of this study were: to contribute to maintaining and promoting health for female college students by identifying their body weight control behaviors and the Affecting factors; and, to serve as a basis for the development of weight control programs to orient their weight management to a desirable direction specifically for those who have low or normal body weight but still practice body weight control in a way that is neither useful nor desirable. Method: The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Stepwise multiple regression. Result: The main predictive factors affecting body weight control was ‘between - meal snack’, ‘family support’, ‘satisfaction with their diet’, ‘possession of secret method for weight loss’, ‘body image’, ‘satisfaction with university life’, and ‘interest in weight control’. Conclusion: It may be necessary to develope educational programs on weight control for female collegians in consideration of affecting body weight control behavior.

Purpose: This study was designed to explore nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and intention to report cases of child abuse. Methods: A descriptive research design was used with a convenience sample of 202 nursing students. After explaining the purpose of the study, participants who signed the consent form were asked to complete a self-descriptive questionnaire, which included the Child Abuse Intension Scale (CARIS). Results: The number of correct answers for knowledge of child abuse and the law was 7.0 /13. The mean scores were, for attitude toward childrearing belief and discipline, 17.1±5.2, for punishment and culpability of offender or victim, 24.6±4.1, for professional responsibility, 30.5±5.1, and for perceived behavioral control, 25.3±5.0. The intended reporting behavior differed significantly by severity of abuse. Factors influencing the intention to report child abuse were attitude towards punishment of parents, professional responsibility, and perceived behavioral control (R2=.133). Conclusion: On the basis of our finding, developing education programs to help nursing students detect child abuse and improve reporting rates is important. Thus, we suggests that nursing students be provided with educational protocol for detection and reporting of child abuse.