Earticle

연구배경: 수분은 인체의 항상성을 유지할 뿐만 아니라 구강 내 자정 작용 및 타액 분비를 촉진하는 필수 영양소이다. 본 연구는 연령대별 물 섭취 실태를 파악하고, 구강건강관련 행태와 물 섭취량 간의 관련성을 확인하고자진행되었다. 연구방법: 국민건강영양조사(2020-2024) 자료를 활용하여 총 24,715명을 최종 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 연구대상은 청소년기(12-18세), 청년기(19-39세), 중년기(40-64세), 전기 노년기(65-74세), 후기 노년기(75세 이상)로 분류하였다. R 소프트웨어를 이용하여 복합표본분석을 적용한 기술통계, t-test, 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 연령대별로 물 섭취량과 관련성이 있는 구강건강행태는 상이한 패턴을 보였다. 첫째, 19세 이상 모든성인층은 저녁 식사 후 칫솔질 실천 시 물 섭취량이 유의하게 높았으며, 특히 65세 이상 노인은 아침, 점심 식사후 칫솔질도 물 섭취량 증가와 통계적 유의성을 보였다(p＜0.05). 둘째, 예방 및 구강치료 경험과의 관계에서 청소년기는 스케일링을 경험했거나 치주질환 치료 경험이 없는 경우 물 섭취 확률이 높았던 반면, 65세 이상 노인은최근 1년 이내 구강검진, 75세 이상 노인은 스케일링을 경험한 경우 물 섭취량이 유의하게 높았다. 셋째, 구강 기능적 제약과의 관계에서 75세 이상의 후기 노년기는 보철물 제작 및 수리 경험이 있는 경우 물 섭취량이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다(p＜0.05). 결론: 생애주기에 따라 예방적 구강건강행태(칫솔질, 검진)가 물 섭취 습관과 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것으로 확인되었으나, 노년기에는 보철물 사용과 같은 기능적 제약이 수분 보충을 저해하는 요인임이 확인되었다. 이는 구강관리역량이 수분 섭취라는 건강 행위로 발현되는 연령대별 경로가 다름을 내포한다. 따라서 향후 구강보건교육 시연령대별 구강상태와 기능적 변화를 고려한 맞춤형 수분 섭취 가이드라인이 통합되어야 할 것이다.

Background: Water is an essential nutrient that not only maintains body homeostasis but also promotes oral self-cleaning and salivary secretion. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral healthrelated behaviors and water intake. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020–2024) were analyzed, and a total of 24,715 participants were selected for the final analysis. Subjects were categorized into five life-cycle groups: adolescence (12–18 years), young adulthood (19–39 years), middle age (40–64 years), early old age (65–74 years), and late old age (75 years and older). Statistical analyses, including complex sample descriptive statistics, t-tests, and complex sample multiple linear regression, were performed using R software. Results: Distinct age-specific patterns were observed. Adults aged ≥19 years showed higher water intake when brushing after dinner, with older adults(≥65) also showing significance after breakfast and lunch. In adolescents, higher intake was associated with receiving scaling or no history of periodontal treatment(p<0.05). For older adults, higher intake was linked to annual oral examinations or scaling. Conversely, dental prosthesis fabrication or repair significantly reduced water intake in participants aged ≥75 (p<0.05), highlighting functional barriers to hydration in late old age. Conclusion: This study confirmed that preventive oral health-related behaviors-such as toothbrushing and regular examinations-are significantly associated with water intake across the life cycle, whereas functional constraints such as the use of dental prostheses hinder adequate hydration in older adults. These findings suggest that the pathways through which oral health management influences healthy hydration behaviors differ by age group. Therefore, customized water intake guidelines that consider age-specific oral status and functional changes should be integrated into future oral health education programs.

Brine mineral water (BMW) is groundwater near the deep sea, and the mineral component of the BMW is different from the water of the deep sea because the components of BMW are derived from the unique geographical features surrounding it. Recently, BMW has attracted attention due to the unique health-related minerals it possesses; however, the influence of BMW on physiological function has not yet been determined in domestic animals. Therefore, this experiment investigated the influence of BMW on the growth performance, water intake, blood properties, and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels of serum in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 64 pig barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average initial weight of 40.56 ± 0.17 kg were used in the experiment, and 0%, 2%, 3%, and 5% samples of BMW diluted with freshwater were provided to experimental animals during the 56 days. We found that the gain/feed ratio in the 3% BMW group was significantly higher than that in the 5% BMW group of growing-finishing pigs (p < 0.05). The water intake was significantly increased in the 5% BMW group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05) of growing-finishing pigs. Additionally, the concentrations of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) were significantly higher in the 3% BMW group than in the control group. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in the 3% BMW group than in the 5% BMW group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, IgG and IgM levels in the serum were significantly higher in the 2% and 3% BMW groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that a dilution of 3% BMW in the intake water could improve the levels of RBCs and serum Igs in growing-finishing pigs.

호소에서 취수되는 상수원수의 수질은 수심에 따라 수질이 서로 다르게 나타날 수 있으며 이때 가장 좋은 수질을 가진 수심으로부터 물을 취수할 수 있다면 정수비용의 절감뿐 아니라 수돗물의 안전성을 더 높일 수 있을 것이다. 호소에서는 조류발생, 강우, 수층전도 등의 원인으로 이상수질이 나타날 수 있고 이에 대한 대응조치의 일환으로 수심선택 취수가 실 시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 선택취수는 취수장의 조류증가, 탁도증가, 망간증가 시에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났 다. 또한 취수수심 선택과 연관된 탁도, EC, Chl-a 등 14개 항목들을 설정하여 각각에 대한 판단기준의 책정뿐 아니라 이 들 전체를 상호 연계시켜 본 연구에서 마련한 룰 기반 시스템은 최적의 취수수심 선택 시에 유용한 의사결정도구가 될 수 있다

The water quality of raw water taken from lakes can vary depending on the water depth, and if water can be intaked from the water depth with the best water quality, it will not only reduce the cost of water purification but also increase the safety of tap water. In lakes, abnormal water quality can occur due to algal occur, rainfall, and water layer turn-over, and as a countermeasure for these problems, water depth-selective intake is being implemented. In this study, it was found that this selective intake can be applied when algae, turbidity and manganese increase in the raw water. In addition, in this study, 14 items such as turbidity, EC, Chl-a, etc. related to the selection of water intake depth were set, the criteria for each item were established, and a rule-based system was developed by interconnecting all items. Therefore, the system can be a useful decision-making tool for choosing the optimal water depth.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the combined re-covery method of cold water immersion (CWI) and protein supplement intake after eccentric exercise that causes muscle fatigue in elite soc-cer players. Eleven semiprofessional soccer players participated in this study. Participants were divided into CWI group, combined protein and CWI group (PCWI), and passive resting group (CON). The participants completed the eccentric exercise for one hour and performed one of three recovery methods. The muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles significantly decreased at 48-hr postexercise com-pared to before exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.05), with no signifi-cantly different between the recovery groups. The time required to sprint 40 m was significantly longer in all groups at 24 hr and 48 hr after exercise than before exercise (P<0.05). The vertical jump height was significantly decreased at 48 hr after exercise compared to before ex-ercise in the CON and CWI groups (P<0.05). The muscle soreness val-ues were higher at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise than before exer-cise in all groups (P<0.001). The perceived recovery quality was re-duced after exercise in the PCWI (P<0.01) and CON groups (P<0.001) compared to before exercise; it was unchanged in the CWI group. The recovery quality decreased at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, the combined recovery meth-od was less effective than CWI alone for the recovery of exercise per-formance.

선택취수시설은 양질의 원수공급, 농작물의 냉해방지, 저류수 비상배제 등의 목적을 가지고 있는 시설물이다. 본 연구에서는 운문댐 신설비상상류시설 중 다단 실린더 게이트 형식의 선택취수탑을 대상으로 여러 조건별 공기연행 발생여부와 정도, 취수유량, 취수효율을 수리모형실험을 통하여 평 가하였다. 실험조건은 다단 실린더 게이트와 상류단 수위차 조건 6가지와 상류단과 하류단 수위차 조건 9가지를 혼합한 54가지이다. 그 결과 다단 실린더 게이트와 상류단의 수위차가 작을수록 공기 연행이 다발적이고 지속적으로 발생하며 발생강도 또한 강한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 시설로의 공기유입을 최소화하고 취수효율 0.9이상이 확보되는 비상방류 또는 선택 배제를 위해서는 다음과 같은 조건이 만족해야 하는 것으로 판단된다. 다단 실린더 게이트의 높이와 상류단의 수위차 조건이 2cm이상 경우와 상류단과 하류단의 수위차 조건이 50cm이하일 경우이다.

The selective withdrawal facilities are facilities with the purpose of supplying high-quality raw water, preventing cold damage of crops, and emergency drainage of storage water in dam. In this study, the occurrence and degree of air entrainment, water intake flow rate, and water intake efficiency were evaluated through a hydraulic model experiment for a multi-stage cylinder gate type selective withdrawal tower among facilities upstream of the newly emergency drainage facilities in Unmun Dam. It was analyzed that the smaller the water level difference between the multi-stage cylinder gate and the upstream water level, the more frequent and continuous air entrainment occurred, and the intensity of occurrence was also strong. In addition, it is judged that the following conditions must be satisfied in order to minimize the inflow of air to the facility and emergency discharge or selective drainage that secured a water intake efficiency of 0.9 or higher. When the height of the multi-stage cylinder gate and the water level difference condition of the upstream are more than 2cm and the water level difference between the upstream and the downstream is less than 50cm.

본 연구에서는 지능형 정수장 운영시스템 개발 연구의 일환으로 선형계획법(Linear Programming, LP)을 이용한 정수장 취수계획 최적화 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 최적화 모형은 원수의 정수처리비용의 최소화를 목적함수로 설정하였으며, 취수 후 정수처리에 소요되는 지연시간과 시간별 전력단가를 고려하여 취수가능량, 예측수요량, 정수지 운영수위 등의 제약조건을 만족하는 최적 취수계획을 제시하였다. 국내 H 정수장을 대상으로 경제적이고 안정적인 정수장 운영을 위해 세 가지 최적화 전략을 적용하고, 그 결과를 경제성과 안정성 측면에서 비교, 분석하였다. 개발 모형은 국내 정수장의 보다 효율적인 취수계획 수립을 위한 의사결정 지원시스템의 형태로 실무에서 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

An optimization model of water intake planning is developed based on a linear programming (LP) for the intelligent water purification plant operation system. The proposed optimization model minimizes the water treatment costs of raw water purification by considering a time-delay of treatment process and hourly electricity tariff, which is subject to various operation constraints, such as water intake limit, storage tank capacity, and water demand forecasts. For demonstration, the developed model is applied to H water purification center. Here, we have tested three optimization strategies and the results are compared and analyzed in economic and safety aspects. The optimization model is expected to be used as a decision support tool for optimal water intake scheduling of domestic water purification centers.

본 논문은 선형계획모형을 이용하여 H 아리수 정수 센터의 최적 취수량 결정 방법을 연구 하였다. 현재 H 아리수 센터에서는 관리자의 경험과 숙련도에 의지하여 취수량을 결정하고 있다. 그런데 매시 변하는 수요를 만족 시키면서 시간대별로 요금이 서로 다른 전력의 사용을 최소화 하는 취수량 결정은 근무자들의 경험과 숙련도를 넘어서는 간단한 문제가 아니다. 따라서 수리적 기법 중 하나인 선형계획모형을 이용해 취수량을 결정하고, 비용 절감을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 선형계획 모형은 수요예측치를 기본 입력자료로 사용하고 있는데 예측오차가 발생할 경우 정수지 높이 제한을 위반하는 경우가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 정확한 수요예측이 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 아무리 좋은 예측 기법을 사용하더라도 실수요와 오차는 있게 마련이고 이는 여전히 높이 제한의 제약을 만족 시키지 못하는 결과를 불러일으킨다. 따라서 예측오차를 수용 할 수 있는 안전 마진 상수를 이용한 대안을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 선형 계획 모형을 통한 취수량 결정은 수위 모니터링을 위해 항시 작업자가 근무 할 필요가 없기 때문에 인건비 면에서도 많은 절약이 예측되어 총 비용 감축은 훨씬 더 많으리라 기대된다.

Currently, the H purification plant determines the hourly water intake amount based on operator experience and skill. Therefore, inevitably, there are deviations among operators. While meeting time-varying demand and maintaining the proper water level in the clean water reservoir, the methodology for minimizing electricity cost, when dealing with different electricity rate time zones, is a very complicated problem, which is beyond an operator's capability. To solve this problem, a linear programming (LP) model is proposed, which can determine the optimal hourly water intake amount for minimizing the daily electricity cost. It is shown that an inaccurate estimate for the hourly water usage in the demand areas causes the water level constraint to be violated, which is the weak point of the proposed LP method. However, several examples with real-field data show that we can practically and safely solve this problem with safety margins. It is also shown that the safety margin method still works effectively whether the estimate is accurate or not. The operators need not attend the site at all times under the proposed LP method, and we can additionally expect reductions in labor costs.

발전소의 주요시설 중 발전 시스템 냉각용으로 사용되는 순환수는 순환수 취수부(Circulation Water Intake Basin)를 통해 공급된다. 순환수 취수부 중 흡입수조(Pump Sump)에서 발생하는 다양한 형태의 와류는 순환수펌프(Circulation Water Pump) 및 관로에 악영향을 미친다. 특히, 공기의 흡입을 동반한 자유표면 와류는 진동, 소음, 공동현상 등을 발생시켜 순환수펌프의 성능 저하, 관로의 손상을 일으키며 발전이 중단되는 주요 원인이 된다. 따라서 수리모형 실험을 통해 순환수 취수부에 대한 수리특성을 반드시 확인하고, 와류 발생 시 와류를 제어할 수 있는 적절한 와류제어장치(Anti Vortex Device)를 적용하여 원활한 발전소 운영이 가능하도록 해야 한다. 자유표면 와류 저감을 위해 와류제어장치 중커튼월(Curtain Wall)을 사용하는 것이 일반적이며, 자세한 내용은 American National Standard for Pump Intake Design에서 기술하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 리비아 Tripoli West 4×350 MW 발전소의 순환수 취수부를 대상으로 하였으며, 실제 운영조건을 적용하고, 수리모형 실험을 통해 순환수 취수부 중 흡입수조에서 발생하는 와류제어장치의 와류저감 효과를 분석하였다. 또한, 수중와류 제어를 위해 플로어 스플리터(floor splitter)는 기본적으로 적용하였고, 자유표면에서 발생하는 와류제어를 위해 새로운 형태인 컬럼 커튼월(Column Curtain Wall)을 추가적으로 적용하여 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 적용되었던 커튼월에 새로 개발한 컬럼 커튼월을 추가적으로 적용하여 수리특성을 분석한 결과, 균일한 흐름이 형성되면서 와류가 제어되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 순환수펌프 관로 내에서 발생하는 와류각도는 ANSI/HI 9.8의 설계기준인 5° 이하로 나타나 흐름의 안정성을 확인하였다.

Among the main facilities of the power plant, the circulating water used for cooling the power generation system is supplied through the Circulation Water Intake Basin (CWIB). The vortexes of various types generated in the Pump Sump (PS) of CWIB adversely affect the Circulation Water Pump (CWP) and pipelines. In particular, the free surface vortex accompanied by air intake brings about vibration, noise, cavitation etc. and these are the causes of degradation of CWP performance, damage to pipelines. Then power generation is interrupted by the causes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of CWIB through the hydraulic model experiment and apply an appropriate Anti Vortex Device (AVD) that can control the vortex to enable smooth operation of the power plant. In general, free surface vortex is controlled by Curtain Wall (CW) and the submerged vortex is by the anti vortex device of the curtain wall. The detailed specifications are described in the American National Standard for Pump Intake Design. In this study, the circulating water intake part of the Tripoli West 4×350 MW power plant in Libya was targeted, the actual operating conditions were applied, and the vortex reduction effect of the anti vortex device generated in the suction tank among the circulating water intake part was analyzed through a hydraulic model experiment. In addition, a floor splitter was basically applied to control the submerged vortex, and a new type of column curtain wall was additionally applied to control the vortex generated on the free surface to confirm the effect. As a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics by additionally applying the newly developed Column Curtain Wall (CCW) to the existing curtain wall, we have found that the vortex was controlled by forming a uniform flow. In addition, the vortex angle generated in the circulating water pump pipeline was 5° or less, which is the design standard of ANSI/HI 9.8, confirming the stability of the flow.

The purpose of this research is to find out mathemetically an economical intake water depth in the design of head works through the derivation of some formulas. For the performance of the purpose the following formulas were found out for the design intake water depth in each flow type of intake sluice, such as overflow type and orifice type. (1) The conditional equations of !he economical intake water depth in .case that weir body is placed on permeable soil layer ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } { Cp}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61) { ( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{- { 1} over {2 } }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { dcp}_{3 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ] =0}}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } C { p}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61)}}}} {{{{ { ({d }_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{ - { 1} over {2 } }- { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{ 6} { { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{ 2}m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L }}}} {{{{+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 } L+dC { p}_{4 }L+(2 { z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 }]=0 }}}} where, z=outer slope of weir body (value of cotangent), h1=intake water depth (m), L=total length of weir (m), C=Bligh's creep ratio, q=flood discharge overflowing weir crest per unit length of weir (m3/sec/m), d0=average height to intake sill elevation in weir (m), h0=freeboard of weir (m), Q1=design irrigation requirements (m3/sec), m1=coefficient of head loss (0.9∼0.95) s=(h1-h2)/h1, h2=flow water depth outside intake sluice gate (m), b=width of weir crest (m), r=specific weight of weir materials, d=depth of cutting along seepage length under the weir (m), n=number of side contraction, k=coefficient of side contraction loss (0.02∼0.04), m2=coefficient of discharge (0.7∼0.9) m'=h0/h1, h0=open height of gate (m), p1 and p4=unit price of weir body and of excavation of weir site, respectively (won/㎥), p2 and p3=unit price of construction form and of revetment for protection of downstream riverbed, respectively (won/㎡), p5 and p6=average cost per unit width of intake sluice including cost of intake canal having the same one as width of the sluice in case of overflow type and orifice type respectively (won/m), zo : inner slope of section area in intake canal from its beginning point to its changing point to ordinary flow section, m: coefficient concerning the mean width of intak canal site,a : freeboard of intake canal. (2) The conditional equations of the economical intake water depth in case that weir body is built on the foundation of rock bed ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0 }}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{6 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{2 }m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0}}}} The construction cost of weir cut-off and revetment on outside slope of leeve, and the damages suffered from inundation in upstream area were not included in the process of deriving the above conditional equations, but it is true that magnitude of intake water depth influences somewhat on the cost and damages. Therefore, in applying the above equations the fact that should not be over looked is that the design

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of major chronic diseases related to daily oral water intake and to iden- tify the physiological parameters related to dehydration in Korean elderly. Methods: The data were collected from the sixth Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), which was a nationwide and cross-sectional survey in 2015. We analyzed 1,392 participants using t-test and logistic regression. All participants were divided into the adequate water intake (AWI) group and the non-adequate water intake (NAWI) group based on the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Results: There was a significant differ- ence in the water intake between the AWI (6.8 cups in a day) and NAWI (2.8 cups) groups (p < .001). There was no statistically signifi- cant association between the level of water intake and any of the major chronic diseases. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and BUN/Creati- nine (Cr) ratio were significantly higher in the NAWI group. Especially, BUN/Cr ratio shows that the NAWI group reached dehydration status. Older age (adjusted odd ratio, OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.04-1.10]), female gender (adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.05-2.33]), lower body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.00]), higher BUN (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.01- 1.08]), and higher urine specific gravity (USG) (adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.19-2.05]) were factors associated with the NAWI group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the level of water intake needs to be considered in relation to age, gender, BMI, BUN, and USG. These are sensitive physiological parameters used for predicting dehydration of the elderly according to their daily oral water intake. It would be helpful to develop strategies to prevent dehydration in elderly individuals and enhance their water intake.

하천을 수원으로 하는 상수도 시설은 강수량 및 하천 유량과 같은 모니터링 설비가 없는 곳이 대부분이며, 갈수기 등 하천 유량 감소기에도 취수량 조절과 같은 가뭄대응을 위한 판단 기준이 없어 사전 대응이 곤란한 실정이다. 또한, 실제 가뭄 업무를 일선에서 처리하는 지자체 공무원 등이 지금까지 제시된 가뭄지수(SPI, PDSI 등) 및 확산 모델 등을 사전 대응에 활용하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 장기유출모형(SWAT)의 매개변수 검·보정을 통해 장기간의 일단위 유출량을 추정하였으며, 감수곡선식을 도출하였다. 또한, 일단위 취수량과 감수곡선식의 관계분석을 통해 취수가능일수를 정량적으로 산정하였으며, 이를 용수공급 네트워크에 대입하여 읍면동 단위 적용 가능 범위를 제시하였다.

Most of the water supply facilities that use rivers as sources do not have monitoring facilities such as precipitation and stream flow measurement, and there is no judgment standard for drought response such as water intake control in river flow during dry season. In addition, it was confirmed that local government officials, who deal with actual drought work, have limitations in applying the drought index (SPI, PDSI, etc.) and diffusion models that have been proposed so far in advance. Therefore, in this study, the drought prediction system was constructed to determine the number of water-intake available days using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and the water supply network from the intake source to the beneficiary area, suggesting the drought spreading time and space.

기능성 스크린이 부착된 집수관의 정량적인 취수량을 분석하고, 여과 재료를 통한 부유물질 및 탁도의 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 네 단계의 연구방법을 제시하였다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 소규모의 실험장치를 구성하여 실증 플랜트 여과 재료의 구성 방법을 결정하였고, 두 번째 단계에서는 견본 장치를 구성하여 기능성 스크린이 장착된 집수관을 통해 유량 값을 측정하였다. 세 번째 단계에서는 각각의 여과 재료에 대해서 탁도의 상태를 달리하여 유량을 측정하고, MODFLOW를 이용하여 투수계수를 추정하였다. 마지막으로 견본 장치를 MODFLOW로 수치모델을 구성하여 세 번째 단계에서 추정된 투수계수를 각각 적용하고 취수량을 분석하였다. 0 NTU일 때 추정된 투수계수 적용 결과 실제 관측 유량에 비해 모델링 결과는 39.96% 높게 나타났다. 이에 비해 100~120 NTU일 때 추정된 투수계수 적용 결과 유량의 차이는 9.41% 높게 나타났다.

In order to analyze the quantitative water withdrawal amount of intake pipe with functional screen and to evaluate the improvement effect of the suspended solid and turbidity through the filter media, four-step research methods were suggested. In the first step, laboratory scale experiments were constructed to determine the constitution method of the sample device filter media. In the second step, sample device was constructed and the flow rate was observed through intake pipe with functional screen. In the third step, flow rate was observed at different turbidity conditions for each filter material, and the hydraulic conductivity was estimated using MODFLOW. Finally, numerical model was constructed with the MODFLOW for the sample device and the estimated hydraulic conductivities were applied to the third step and the amount of water withdrawal was analyzed. As a result of applying hydraulic conductivity at 0 NTU, 39.96% more withdrawal was calculated than the observed flow rate. On the other hand, when hydraulic conductivity was applied at 100~120 NTU, the difference in flow rates was 9.41%.

본 연구의 목적은 마그네슘 음용수 섭취가 유도선수의 유･무산소성 운동 능력에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자로 섭취군 10명, 통제군 10명, 총 20명을 선정하였으며, 4주간의 실험기간 동안 마그네슘 음용수 섭취에 따른 혈중 마그네슘 농도, 유･무산소 운동 능력의 변화를 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 정규성 검정과 이원반복측정분산분석으로 분석하였다. 무산소 능력 측정 결과 섭취군에서 최 고파워와 평균파워가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 유산소 능력 측정 결과 섭취군에서 최대산소섭취량과 최 대심박수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한, 혈중 마그네슘 농도 변화에서도 섭취군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유도선수의 유･무산소 운동능력 향상을 위한 전략을 수립하는데 있어서 마그네슘 음용 수의 섭취 방법이 경기력을 향상을 기대할 수 있음을 의미한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium drinking water consumption on the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity of guided athletes. The subjects of this study were 10 subjects in the intake group and 10 subjects in the control group. A total of 20 subjects were selected. The changes of serum magnesium concentration, anaerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities according to ingestion of magnesium drinking water during 4 weeks of experiment were analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 using normality test and repeated measures two way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant difference between maximum power and mean power in the intake group and the maximum oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate in the intake group as a result of the measurement of aerobic capacity. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in blood magnesium concentration in the intake group. These results suggest that the ingestion method of magnesium drinking water can improve the performance of the athlete in establishing a strategy for improving the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity.

본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 노인 50명을 대상으로 수분섭취 정도와 구강건조증, 구취, 구강미생물과의 관계 를 확인하고 자발적인 수분섭취강화 프로그램개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 진행되었다. 자료수집은 2018년 7월 1일부터 8월 15일까지 진행되었으며 50명의 자료를 분석하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성과 변수와의 관계를 확인한 결과 S. mutans 와 P. intermedia 검출에 공통으로 영향을 주는 변인은 칫솔질 횟수와 치과 방문 경험이었으며, 수분섭취량 이 다른 세 그룹을 비교한 결과 P. intermedia 에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 수분섭취강화프로그램을 개발·적용 후 구강건강 개선을 확인하는 연구가 필요하다.

The study was conducted to identify the relationship between the degree of water intake and xerostomia, halitosis, and oral microorganisms in 50 elderly living in the community and to utilize them as basic data for the development of a water intake enhancing program. The relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the variables was found to be statistically significant in both S. mutans and P. intermedia . There were statistically significant differences in P. intermedia among three groups with different water intakes. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to study the improvement of oral health after development and application of water intake enhancing program.

The purpose of skin care is to protect the skin from skin aging factors, remove bodily waste, and replenish helpful skin components. The skin is influenced by external and internal factors, and just like breathing, water is also an essential ingredient to the human body. Especially, the daily fluid intake helps maintain the bodily fluid and plays the largest role in preventing skin aging and maintaining beautiful skin. Therefore, this study implies the necessity of fluid intake education in accordance with the awareness to skin health, which may affect the health of facial skin. Its purpose is to help build a proper awareness regarding fluid intake by providing basic data on education programs that help you understand the importance of fluid intake and put it into practice. The subjects of this study were 120 men and women between the age of 20 and 49, living in the metropolitan area. The study was carried out from May 2, 2015 to May 10, 2015. The questionnaire was consisted of 35 questions that included contents related to demographic variables, fluid intake, living habits, awareness of skin, awareness of fluid intake, awareness of body fluid, necessity of fluid intake education, and measurements of the subject’s facial skin. The SPSS 18.0 program was used for analyzing the data of this study. The subjects knew that water accounted for a large part of the body, but they said that drinking water was not essential – other beverages could be drunken instead. We implied that only fluid intake through drinking water could increase the amount of bodily fluid and that the amount of bodily fluid was related to facial skin health. This seemed to have effects on the subjects being aware to the necessity of fluid intake education (93.3%). Through this study, we hope that the necessity of fluid intake education for increased awareness on skin health through proper fluid intake will be spread and the maintenance of a healthy life and clear, moist skin increases.

A skins take the most part of your body, and are the measure for your biological age, as well as a great tool to express your external beauty. But it cannot be a fundamental solution for the health of your skin to supply nutrition to the surface of your skin through cosmetics. Water accounts for over 80% of the skin of a newborn baby, but less than 50% of the skin of an elderly man. Aging is a word that depicts the process of the loss of water, while your outermost aging is the wrinkles coming from drying. Modern people in their dull and stationary daily life and busy schedules rarely consciously pay attention to drinking water. They thus incur chronic dehydration, feeling bodily heavy and tired, with itchy and dry skins, due to excessive intake of caffeine from the state of the lack of body water. This is the case with over 90% of the Koreans in general. Although modern people are eager to remove the wrinkles on their skins, they have little interest in increasing the water portion in their skins through the intake of water, which is a fundamental solution. Most modern people, who habitually drink beverages, rather than water, although they feel dry and thirsty, are in states of chronic dehydration, which they are not aware of. We are going to grasp such problems, look into the organic relationship between the amount of water intake and the types of the skins, and find out how to properly intake water to maintain the healthy skins.

본 연구의 목적은 혈액 투석 환자의 변비 정도를 파악하고, 미숫가루가 변비 완화 및 생리적 지표에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 함이다. S시 소재 종합 병원에서 혈액 투석을 받는 환자 42명을 대상으로 실험군에게 미숫가루 30g을 복용하게 하고 변비 사정 척도 점수와 혈청 Potassium, Phosphorus을 측정하였다. 변비 사정 척도 점수는 실험군이 4.5점, 대조군 이 6.5점으로 두 집단 모두 점수가 낮아졌다(z=-2.66, p=.002). Potassium은 실험군이 4.9mmol/l, 대조군이 4.7mmol/l 이었고(z=0.91, p=.960). 혈청 Phosphorus점수는 실험군이 5.3mg/dl, 대조군이 4.7mg/dl 이었으나 (z=0.45, p=.540) 통 계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 미숫가루 음용은 혈액 투석환자의 변비 완화를 위한 적절한 간호 중재로 적용될 수 있으며 미숫가 루 음용 섭취를 통해 혈액 투석 환자의 변비 완화 간호 중재의 적극인 활용이 임상 실무에서 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study aimed to develop the misutkaru water drink intake program that was possible to compare the effects of misutkaru drink on relieving constipation and physiological measurementson relieving constipation of the patients with hemodialysis. This study was non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with 42 patients in a general hospital in S city, Korea. During the experiment, the participants had to drink misutkaru water in the morning and past the 7 days after intake as constipation assessment scale, potassium and phosphorus were measured. The data were examine using t-test, Fisher’s exact test, paired t-test. After misutkaru drinking intervention, constipation (z=-2.66, p=.002) decreased significantly improvement. This suggests that misutkaru water drinking intervention improved constipation in patients with hemodialysis.