Earticle

본 연구는 장애인 고용을 희망하거나 현재 장애인을 고용하고 있는 사업주를 대상으로 설문을 통해 보조 공학기기 이용실태 및 수요를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2008년 10월부터 12월까지 실시되었으며, ‘고용정보 시스템ʼ에 구인 등록한 사업체중 정보 공개를 한 1,054개 업체를 표집 대상으로 하였다. 설문회수방법은 우편발송과 이메일이었고, 우편발송 회수율은 13%, 전자메일 회수율은 10.7%였으며 최종적으로 121개 업체의 설문을 분석하였다. 결과 : 보조공학기기를 지원받은 경험이 있는 사업주는 36.3%(44개 업체)이었으며, 이들이 보유하고 있는 보조공 학기기는 사무보조 품목 17건, 정보접근 품목 25건, 작업기구 품목 80건, 의사소통 품목 2건이었다. 보조공학기 기를 지원받은 경험이 없는 사업주 77명(63.6%)중 보조공학기기 서비스 제도를 인식하고 있는 경우는 35.1%뿐 이었고, 향후 서비스 이용의사가 있는 경우는 58.4%에 불과하였다. 사업주가 보조공학기기를 선택할 때 가장 중요하게 고려하는 사항은 효과성, 편안한 사용과 안전성이었다. 보조공학서비스 제공 시 가장 중요하게 생각 하는 사항은 지원예산확대, 기기품목 및 종류 확대, 직장 내 환경의 종합적 평가 및 지원 등이었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 사업주들의 장애인고용촉진공단의 보조공학기기 서비스 이용률이 저조하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 보조공학기기 제도에 대한 인식이 부족할 뿐 아니라, 향후 이용의사도 낮다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 사업주가 가장 원하는 보조공학서비스 내용은 지원예산 확대와 기기품목 및 종류확대였다. 따라서 장애인고용 촉진공단은 사업주를 대상으로 장애인고용촉진공단의 보조공학서비스에 대한 인식을 높여 그 활용을 장려해야 할 것이며, 좀 더 다양한 품목을 지원해야 할 것이다. 작업치료사 역시 보조공학서비스에 대한 지식을 토대로 장애인의 직업재활에 보다 많은 관심과 책임을 가지고 작업치료를 제공해야할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to describe the actual demand and use pattern of assistive devices among employers hiring workers with disabilities. Methods : This study was conducted using 1054 enterprises registered in a ʻJob Information Systemʼ. The question retrieval method is post and e-mail. The post retrieval ratio is 13% and the e-mail retrieval ratio, which became clogged down, is 10.7%. Finally, the questionnaires of a total of 121 respondents were analyzed. The study period was from October to December, 2008. Results : Employers (36.3%) who experienced assistive device support are currently using 17 items of office assistance, 25 items of information access, 80 items of work utensils, and 2 items of communication. They also expressed additional support demand for 5 items of both locomotion and ADL, 3 items of visual devices, 2 items of both hearing and hand devices, and 1 item of communication. The percentage of recognition of the Assistive Technology Center among the employers (63.6%) who did not experience assistive device support was 31.5%, and 58.4% of the employers replied that they will use Assistive Technology Service. When they choose an assistive device, they consider its effectiveness, handiness, and safety. Employers want an Assistive Technology Service to expand the support estimate, expand the equipment type, number, and assessment, and support the work place environment. Conclusion : We identified that employer service utilization of the Korea Employment Promotion Agency for the disabled(KEPAD). Assistive Technology is low. Not only did they have little understanding of the Assistive Technology support, but their intention to use the service was also low. They believe that important Assistive Technology matters are a support estimate, and expanding the equipment type and number. So, in order to use Assistive Technology, KEPAD must make employers recognize Assistive Technology.

The Clustering is representative method of components classification. The previous clustering methods that use cohesion and coupling cannot be effective because design pattern has focused on relation between classes. In this paper, we classified design patterns with features of object-oriented relationship. The result is that classification by clustering showed higher precision than classification by facet. It is effective that design patterns are classified by automatic clustering algorithm. When patterns are retrieved in classification of design patterns, we can use to compare them because similar pattern is saved to same category. Also we can manage repository efficiently because of storing patterns with link information.

본 논문에서 우리는 PAL-공간변조기를 사용한 Two-pupil 광학 스캐닝 기술에 의하여 실시간 JTC 상관 광 시스템을 수행할 수 있음을 보여주고자 한다. 광학적 addressing(Optical addressing)은 빛에 민감한 $\alpha$-Si 층, 즉 액체 크리스털을 따라 전기장을 조절하는 얍은 층에 의하여 성취되었다. 제안된 기술은 광학적 Twin-pupil 헤테로다인 스캐닝(heterodyne scanning)에 근거하고 있으며, 이 기법은 Fourier 평면에 위치한 광 공간변조기와는 독립적으로 작용한다. 우리는 본 기술의 이론적 근거를 개발하고 목표이미지와 참조이미지 사이의 상관관계를 실험적으로 평가함으로서 본 기술의 성능을 평가하였다.

We demonstrate experimentally that the method of Two-pupil optical scanning technique with PAL-spatial light modulator is capable of performing real-time joint transform correlation(JTC) optical system. Optical addressing is achieved by the use of a photosensitive layer of $\alpha$ - Si which controls the electric field across the liquid crystal The demonstrated technique is based on two-pupil optical heterodyne scanning. The method is independent of a spatial light modulator (SLM) in the Fourier plane. We develop the theory of the technique and evaluate a performance of the method by experimentally estimating the correlation between the target image and the reference image.

Mobile user interface pattern (MUIP) is a kind of structured representation of interaction design knowledge. Several studies have suggested that MUIPs are a proven solution for recurring mobile interface design problems. To facilitate MUIP selection, an effective clustering method is required to discover hidden knowledge of pattern data set. In this paper, we employ the semi-supervised kernel fuzzy c-means clustering (SSKFCM) method to cluster MUIP data. In order to improve the performance of clustering, clustering parameters are optimized by utilizing the global optimization capability of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Since the PSO algorithm is easily trapped in local optima, a novel PSO algorithm is presented in this paper. It combines an improved intuitionistic fuzzy entropy measure and a new population search strategy to enhance the population search capability and accelerate the convergence speed. Experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed clustering method.

The data of K-Water waterworks is collected from various sensors and used as basic data for the operation and analysis of various devices. In this way, the importance of the sensor data is very high, but it contains misleading data due to the characteristics of the sensor in the external environment. However, the cleansing method for the missing data is concentrated on the prediction of the missing data, so the research on the detection and prediction method of the missing data is poor. This is a study to detect wrong data by converting collected data into quintiles and patterning them. It is confirmed that the accuracy of detecting false data intentionally generated from real data is higher than that of the conventional method in all cases. Future research we will prove the proposed system's efficiency and accuracy in various environments.

A piezoelectric sensor-based health monitoring technique using a two-step support vector machine (SVM) classifier is developed for railroad track damage identification. A built-in active sensing system composed of two PZT patches was investigated in conjunction with both impedance and guided wave propagation methods to detect two kinds of damage in a railroad track (hole-damage 0.5cm in diameter at the web section and transverse cut damage 7.5cm in length and 0.5cm in depth at the head section). Two damage-sensitive features were separately extracted from each method: a) feature I: root mean square deviations (RMSD) of impedance signatures, and b) feature II: sum of square of wavelet coefficients for maximum energy mode of guided waves. By defining damage indices from these two damage-sensitive features, a two-dimensional damage feature (2-D DF) space was made. In order to enhance the damage identification capability of the current active sensing system, a two-step SVM classifier was applied to the 2-D DF space. As a result, optimal separable hyper-planes (OSH) were successfully established by the two-step SVM classifier: Damage detection was accomplished by the first step-SVM, and damage classification was carried out by the second step-SVM. Finally, the applicability of the proposed two-step SVM classifier has been verified by thirty test patterns prepared in advance from the intact state and two damage states.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprinter pattern bridging exercise using theraband on activation of lower extremity and abdominal muscle and to find out postures that can effectively improve abdominal and lower extremity muscle strength and increase abdominal stability. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The following research was done with applicants attending S university in Seoul to compare the difference in muscle activity between one-leg-Support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. For 48 study participants, we first measured their MVC. Then, we applied one-leg-support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise at random order. These data were expressed as the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC).Electromyography analysis was performed by measuring the external obliques, internal obliques, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Results: There was a statistically significant increment of muscle activity in external and internal oblique muscle(p<0.001)by sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. On the lower body, statistically significant increment of muscle activity in biceps femoris and gluteus maximus was found(p<0.05). On the other hand, on erector spinae, there was statistically significant decrease in muscle activity(p<0.05). Conclusions: Efficient treatment is expected when sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband is applied clinically.For patients with chronic knee and ankle pain who have difficulty bearing weight, including low back pain and internal rotation of the femur, starting with a low weight bearing, we think it will be helpful in planning systematic training aimed at progressively strengthening the lower extremities.

The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze personal bio data and social network services (SNS) data, derive user preference and user life pattern, and propose intuitive and precise user modeling. This study not only tried to conduct eye tracking experiments using various smart devices to be the ground of the recommendation system considering the attribute of smart devices, but also derived classification preference by analyzing eye tracking data of collected bio data and SNS data. In addition, this study intended to combine and analyze preference of the common classification of the two types of data, derive final preference by each smart device, and based on user life pattern extracted from final preference and collected bio data (amount of activity, sleep), draw the similarity between users using Pearson correlation coefficient. Through derivation of preference considering the attribute of smart devices, it could be found that users would be influenced by smart devices. With user modeling using user behavior pattern, eye tracking, and user preference, this study tried to contribute to the research on the recommendation system that should precisely reflect user tendency.

Shape description is an important and fundamental issue in content-based image retrieval (CBIR), and a number of shape description methods have been reported in the literature. For shape description, both global information and local contour variations play important roles. In this paper a new included-angular ternary pattern (IATP) based shape descriptor is proposed for shape image retrieval. For each point on the shape contour, IATP is derived from its neighbor points, and IATP has good properties for shape description. IATP is intrinsically invariant to rotation, translation and scaling. To enhance the description capability, multiscale IATP histogram is presented to describe both local and global information of shape. Then multiscale IATP histogram is combined with included-angular histogram for efficient shape retrieval. In the matching stage, cosine distance is used to measure shape features' similarity. Image retrieval experiments are conducted on the standard MPEG-7 shape database and Swedish leaf database. And the shape image retrieval performance of the proposed method is compared with other shape descriptors using the standard evaluation method. The experimental results of shape retrieval indicate that the proposed method reaches higher precision at the same recall value compared with other description method.

The combination texture feature extraction approach for texture image retrieval is proposed in this paper. Two kinds of low level texture features were combined in the approach. One of them was extracted from singular value decomposition (SVD) based dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) coefficients, and the other one was extracted from multi-scale local binary patterns (LBPs). The fusion features of SVD based multi-directional wavelet features and multi-scale LBP features have short dimensions of feature vector. The comparing experiments are conducted on Brodatz and Vistex datasets. According to the experimental results, the proposed method has a relatively better performance in aspect of retrieval accuracy and time complexity upon the existing methods.

This work presents an efficient LTP-based sharpness measure for blur detection and segmentation. The proposed method transforms each pixel into ternary codes depending on the differences of intensity of the central pixel with the neighborhood pixels. These ternary codes have been converted into lower and upper binary patterns. Among these, the non-uniform patterns have been exploited to compute the blur measure and blur segmentation. The proposed methodology performs segmentation without having any explicit information about the type and level of the blur. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art blur detection and segmentation methods.

This paper presents a concise introduction to the cultural and creative packaging design and the "Four Symbols" motif, followed by an analysis of two designs. In the analysis process, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was applied to generate preliminary design scores, and then further evaluation was conducted according to the scores. It was found that the CNN algorithm could be used for preliminary scoring of the packaging design. The CNN-generated scores for both designs showed strong alignment with manual evaluation scores. The graphic and color matching of the "Four Symbols" motif in the two designs enhanced the cultural heritage of the products and effectively engaged consumer interest.

Purpose: This study sought to compare the muscle activity of the deltoid muscle according to the range of motion during the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) upper extremity D2 pattern exercise performed with an isokinetic exercise device. The aim was to provide basic data for selecting an exercise for the relevant segment of the range of motion to enhance function in clinical practice. Methods: In this study, the relevant measurements of the anterior and middle trapezius of 25 healthy adults were taken using a surface electromyography system. The upper extremity pattern exercise was performed in three ranges (0% to 50%, 50% to 100%, and 25% to 75%) using the upper extremity isokinetic device. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the muscle activity ratios of the anterior and middle deltoid muscles according to the measurement conditions (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the activity ratio of the middle deltoid muscle according to the measurement conditions in the ratio from the start range to the end range (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the muscle onset time difference according to the measurement conditions (p>0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activity of the anterior and middle deltoid muscles was analyzed according to the range of motion during the PNF upper extremity pattern exercise performed with an isokinetic device. The results could be used as a basis for selecting exercises for the relevant segment of the range of motion according to the function to be emphasized.

Objective: To assess patient gait ability by capturing both trend and scale aspects, this study proposes a method using the Pearson correlation coefficient and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE).Methods: Gait patterns from three patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) were analyzed using kinematic and kinetic data. In each case, using MAPE or Pearson correlation alone failed to provide a reliable assessment, revealing limitations in capturing the full characteristics of gait patterns.Results: The combined use of Pearson and SMAPE effectively identified gait abnormalities across all cases. This integrated approach offered a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation than single-metric methods.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of considering both trend and scale in gait analysis. The proposed dual-metric methodology overcomes the limitations of conventional and single-metric approaches, enabling a clearer understanding of gait characteristics in patients with hip OA.

This study examined the effects of the abdominal drawing-in (ADI) maneuver using a pressure biofeedback on muscle recruitment pattern of erector spinae and hip extensors and anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in the prone position. Fourteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. The muscle onset time of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and medial hamstring and angle of anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in prone position were measured in two conditions: ADI maneuver condition and non-ADI maneuver condition. Muscle onset time was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG). Kinematic data for angle of anterior pelvic tilt were measured using a motion analysis system. The muscle onset time and angle of anterior pelvic tilt were compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that in ADI maneuver during hip extension in prone position, the muscle onset time for the erector spinae was delayed significantly by a mean of 43.20 ms (SD 43.12), and the onset time for the gluteus maximus preceded significantly by a mean of -4.83 ms (SD 14.10) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (p<.05). The angle of anterior pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the ADI maneuver condition by a mean of 7.03 degrees (SD 2.59) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (15.01 degrees) (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that prone hip extension with the ADI maneuver was an effective method to recruit the gluteus maximus earlier than erector spinae and to decrease anterior pelvic tilting.

Heart illness is a serious disease faced by a significant populace worldwide. Considering death rates and large numbers of patients with cardiac illness, it is shown how important it is for a person to be subject for early diagnosis of the disease, as an average citizen cannot afford frequent expensive tests such as the ECG. So, an effective system needs to be put in place that is both practical and reliable for the prediction of the chances of heart disease. The extraction of medical data has become highly recommended so that the rate of death which is very high due to heart diseases can be predicted and treated. The development of a machine-based system for cardiac diagnosis provides a more accurate diagnosis than traditional methods. We therefore propose an app to prevent the vulnerability of heart disease given the fundamental symptoms, such as age, gender and rate of the pulse and so on. The neural networks of the machine learning algorithm have proven to be the most reliable and accurate algorithm used for this system.

사회적인 변화로 인한 장애인 복지의 다양화와 적극적인 관심이 필요함에도 불구하고 장애 인 복지 서비스 중에서도 특히, 청각․언어장애인에 대한 복지서비스는 아직도 미약한 수준이다. 본 연 구는 청각․언어장애인의 구강건강 증진을 위한 기초적 자료로 활용하는 데 도움이 되고자 한다. 연구대상으로는 경기도 A지역의 청각․언어장애인 협회에 등록되어 경기도 지역에 거주하고 있는 청 각 장애와 언어장애가 동반된 장애인을 대상으로 하였다. 연구기간으로는 2009년 1월 21부터 2월 14일까지 자기기입식 설문이 가능한자와 농아인통역사를 통하 여 설문이 가능한 자를 구분하여 설문지 230부를 배포하여 최종회수 된 설문지 135부가 분석자료로 이 용되었다. 설문문항으로는 일반적인 특성(성별, 연령, 학력, 직업 거주형태, 수입)과 일반적 특성에 따른 치과의 료기관이용 행태 및 치과 이용시 만족도 문항을 이용하였다. 수집된 자료 분석은 SPSS(Statical Package the Social Science) 12.0 이용 하였으며, 연구대상자의 일 반적 특성에 따라 치과의료기관 이용 행태를 빈도분석과 χ2(Chi-Square)로 분석하였다. 첫째, 치과의료기관 이용 시 남자 51.8%, 여자 53.2%에서 수화통역자가 동반하는 것으로 나타났으며, 의사소통의 어려움은 남자 53.6%, 여자 62.0%로 나타났다. 진료 내용설명에서 수화통역사용이 남자 76.8%, 여자 64.6%로 남, 여 모두 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 학력에 따른 진료 내용설명의 경우 수화통역을 이용하는 경우는 초졸 94.6%, 중졸 62.9%, 고졸 57.7%로 전체적으로 수화통역을 이용하며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 셋째, 거주 형태에 따른 치과의료기관 이용 시 동반자는 수화통역자와 함께하는 경우는 혼자 61.5%, 부모와 나 55.8%, 기타 53.8%, 기혼 40.0%로 나타났다. 의사소통의 어려움을 호소하는 경우는 기혼 67.5%, 혼자인 경우 59.0%로 높게 나타났으며 진료내용 설명도 부모와 나인 경우 72.1%로 가장 높게 수 화통역자를 우선 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 수입에 따른 치과의료기관 이용 시 동반자는 혼자 이용하는 경우는 100~200만 원 미만은 27.3% 200~300만 원 미만 25.0%, 100만 원 미만은 23.3% 순으로 낮게 나타났으며 가족과 함께 하는 경 우는 200~300만 원 미만 25.0%, 100만 원 미만은 18.6%, 100~200만 원 미만은 11.4% 순으로 나타났다. 수화통역사와 같이 이용하는 경우는 100만 원 미만 52.3%, 100~200만 원 미만은 52.3% 200~300만 원 미만 50.0%로 수입이 적을수록 수화통역사와 함께 이용하는 경우가 높았다. 치과의료기관 이용 시 수입 이 적을수록 의사소통에 어려움을 호소하여 100만 원 미만 62.8%, 100~200만 원 미만은 52.3% 200~300만 원 미만 50.0% 나타났으며, 진료 내용 설명을 듣는 경우에는 수입에 상관없이 300만 원 이상 100.0%, 200~300만 원 미만 75.0%, 100만 원 미만 69.8%, 100~200만 원 미만은 68.2% 수화통역사와 함 께 하는 경우로 나타났다. 다섯째, 성별에 따른 정기검진을 위한 치과의료기관 방문에 대하여 남자 69.6%, 여자 70.9%가 1년에 1 회 치과를 이용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학력으로는 중졸 77.1%, 초졸 73.0%, 고졸 67.3%, 대졸 이상 54.5%의 순으로 나타났다. 부모와 거주할수록 정기적 1회 79.1%로 치과를 이용하는 것을 볼 수 있었으 며, 수입이 높을수록 치과의료기관을 이용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 치과의료기관이용 시 친절 및 신뢰도의 만족도 '치과의사의 능력을 신뢰 할 수 있다’는 평균을 보면 2.22로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, ‘치과의사의 태도가 친절하고 상냥하다’ 2.17, ‘치과 위생사(직원)의 능력을 신뢰 할 수 있다’ 2.15, ‘치과위생사(직원)의 태도가 친절하고 상냥하다’ 2.14, ‘현대화된 의료시설 과 장비를 갖추고 있다’ 2.13, ‘치료 중 치과 위생사(직원)는 친절했다’ 2.12, ‘치과의사가 진료 내용에 대 해 자세히 설명해준다’ 2.07, ‘불편을 느꼈을 때 치과위생사(직원)가 성의 있게 대처해준다’ 2.07, ‘질문에 대해 치과위생사가 자세하게 대답해 준다’가 평균 2.02로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 주차 및 교통시설의 만족 도로 ‘교통이 편리하다’는 2.00으로 높게 나타났지만 ‘주차시설이 편리하다’는 1.90으로 낮은 만족도를 나 타났다. ‘병원 서비스 만족도는’ 치과이용 시 서비스에 만족 한다’가 2.14로 가장 높게 나타나고 ‘진료비 용이 적절하다’ 1.91로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 병원 분위기만족도는 ‘진료시간이 적당하다’ 2.12로 높게 나 타났으며 ‘대기실내의 자료가 청각․언어장애인을 위해 잘 구비되어 있다’는 1.64로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 총 3점 만점으로 평균 2.02로 나타났으며 신뢰 계수는 0.85로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 청각․언어장애인들이 치과의료기관이용 시 의사소통의 어려움을 해결하 기 위해서는 시청각 자료나 시청각 자료에 수화를 삽입한 구강위생관리를 위한 교육프로그램 개발과 수 화통역사들에 대한 구강보건교육이 이루어져야 된다고 사료된다.

Despite the increasing need for improving and diversifying welfares for the disabled in response to social changes, welfare services particularly for those with hearing impairments and speech defect are still insufficient. Thus, this study purposed to provide basic materials for promoting oral health among those with hearing impairments and speed defect Methods: This study was conducted with the disabled who were registered at the Association of the Deaf in the A area, Gyeonggi-do, were living in Gyeonggi-do, and had both hearing and language disorders. The research period was from January 21 to February 14, 2009, and in the survey the subjects were divided into those who were able to answer the questions by themselves and those who could answer with a deaf interpreter’s help and a total of 230 questionnaires were distributed and 135 of them were collected and used in analysis. The questionnaire included questions on general characteristics (gender, age, academic qualification, occupation, residence type, and income) and on the pattern of using dental clinics and satisfaction with dental care services according to general characteristics. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package the Social Science) 12.0. The pattern of using dental clinics according to the subjects’ general characteristics was analyzed through frequency analysis and χ2 (chi-square) test, and conclusions were drawn as follows. Results: 1. In their use of dental clinics, 51.8% of the male subjects and 53.2% of the female ones had a sign language interpreter among their company, and difficulty in communication was reported by 53.6% of the male subjects and 62.0% of the female ones. With regard to explanations about contents of dental care, 76.8% of the male subjects and 64.6% of the female ones used sign language interpretation, showing the frequent use of sign language interpretation. 2. According to academic qualification, sign language interpretation was used for explanation about the contents of dental care by 94.6% of elementary school graduates, 62.9% of middle school graduates, and 57.7% of high school graduates, and the differences among the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. According to residence type, those who were accompanied by a sign language interpreter in visiting a dental clinic were 61.5% of those living alone, 55.8% of those living with the parents, 53.8% of those with other residence types, and 40.0% of those who married. Difficulty in communication was reported by 67.5% of those who married and 59% of those living alone. Furthermore, for explanation about the contents of dental care, 72.1% of those living with the parents used a sign language interpreter. 4. As to the company in visiting dental clinics according to income, among those who visited dental clinics alone without company, 27.3% had an income of 1~2 million won, 25.0% 2~3 million won, and 23.3% less than 1 million won. Among those who visited dental clinics with family, 25.0% had an income of 2~3 million won, 18.6% less than 1 million won, and 11.4% 1~2 million won. Among those who used a sign language interpreter, 52.3% had an income less than 1 million won, 52.3% 1~2 million won, and 50.0% 2~3 million won, so those with a low income used a sign language interpreter more frequently. Those with a low income complained of difficulty in communication more frequently during their use of dental clinics. That is, the proportion of those complaining of difficulty in communication was 62.8% of those with an income less than 1 million, 52.3% of those with 1~2 million won, and 50.0% of those with 2~3 million won. The proportion of those using a sign language interpreter in order to listen to explanations about treatment was 100.0% of those with an income of over 3 million won, 75.0% of those with 2~3 million won, 69.8% of those with less than 1 million won, and 68.2% of those with 1~2 million won. 5. With regard to the use of dental clinics for regular checkup according to sex, 69.6% of the male subjects and 70.9% of the female ones visited a dental clinic once a year. According to educational background, the percentage was high in order of middle school graduates (77.1%), elementary school graduates (73.0%), high school graduates (67.3%), and university graduates or higher (54.5%). With the parents recording which will dwell periodical 1 time with the fact that does not use the recording dentistry medical institution where the income to be the possibility the fact that uses a dentistry with 79.1% will be high. 6. With regard to the subjects’ satisfaction with dental services in terms of kindness and reliability, the mean score of ‘Can trust the dentist’s skills’ was as 2.22, and the mean score of Dentist's ability can be trusted 2.22, ‘Dentist's attitude is kind and gentle’ 2.17, ‘A dental hygienist(staff)'s ability can be trusted’ 2.15, ‘A dental hygienist(staff)'s is kind and gentle’ 2.14, It is furnished with state-of-the-art medical facilities and equipment’ 2.13, ‘A dental hygienist(staff)'s is kind under treatment’ 2.12, ‘A dentist give you explanation on the results of the treatment’ 2.07, ‘When you feel like uncomfortable, a dental Hygienist(staff)'s give you an answer on your questions’ 2.07, ‘The dental hygienist gives detailed answers to questions’was lowest as 2.02. As to satisfaction with parking and transportation facilities, the mean score of ‘Transportation is convenient’ was high as 2.00, but that of ‘Parking is convenient’ was low as 1.90. As to satisfaction with hospital services, the mean score of ‘Dental services conclusions: In conclusion, at least when the hearing impaired, language, use of medical services at the dentist to resolve the difficulties of communication in order to sign in audio-visual materials and visual aids for oral hygiene education program inserts the development and oral health education for sign language interpreters says suggest that be done.

Application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to the fabrication of organic thin film transistor has been recently reported very often since it can help to provide ohmic contact between films as well as to form simple and effective electrode pattern. Accordingly, quality of these ultra-thin films is becoming more imperative. In this study, in order to manufacture a high quality SAM pattern, a hydrophobic alkylsilane monolayer and a hydrophilic aminosilane monolayer were selectively coated on SiO2 surface through the consecutive procedures of a micro-contact printing (μCP) and dipcoating methods under extremely dry condition. On a SAM pattern cleaned with SC1 solution immediately after μCP, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) source and drain electrode array were very selectively and nicely vapour phase polymerized. On the other side, on a SC1-untreated SAM pattern, PEDOT array was very poorly polymerized. It strongly suggests that the SC1 cleaning process effectively removes unwanted contaminants on SAM pattern, thereby resulting in very selective growth of PEDOT electrode pattern.

비만은 세계보건기구에서 질병으로 규정하고 있으며, 신체 내외부적인 영향을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 머신러닝을 이용 하여 생활패턴에 따른 비만도를 예측하고자 한다. 머신러닝에 이용한 데이터는 오픈데이터를 사용하였으며, 머신러닝 모델은 구글 코랩, 파이썬을 이용하고 모델 구성은 Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree Classifier, K Neighbors Classifier, Naive bayes 총 5개의 모델로 구성하였다. 각 모델 성능 평가 지표는 정확도, area under curve, 재현율, 정밀도, F1-score로 평가하였다. 해당 데이터를 활용한 5개 모델 중 Light Gradient Boosting Machine이 모든 지표에서 성능이 가장 우수 했으며, 지표에 대한 결과는 정확도 0.9601, area under curve 0.9981, 재현율 0.9601, 정밀도 0.9611, F1 score 0.9601이었다. 본 연구를 통해 기본적인 생활 패턴에 따른 비만도 예측을 통해 비만에 대한 사전 예방이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Obesity is defined as a disease by the World Health Organization and indicates internal and external influences on the body. This study aims to predict obesity according to lifestyle patterns using machine learning. The data used for machine learning used open data, and the machine learning model used Google Colab and Python. The model configuration consisted of a total of five models: Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree Classifier, K Neighbors Classifier, and Naive Bayes. The performance evaluation indices for each model were accuracy, area under curve, recall, precision, and F1-score. Among the five models using the data, Light Gradient Boosting Machine showed the best performance in all indices, and the results for the indices were accuracy 0.9601, area under curve 0.9981, recall 0.9601, precision 0.9611, and F1-score 0.9601. Through this study, it is believed that it will be possible to prevent obesity in advance by predicting obesity according to basic lifestyle patterns.

바둑은 적어도 2,500년 이상의 역사를 지녔고 그동안 인간 고유의 게임 영역으로 여겨왔으나, 2016년 컴퓨터 바둑인 알파고에 의해 제압된 마지막 보드게임이 되었다. 바둑에서의 사활문제는 컴퓨터 바둑을 구축 시 반 드시 해결해야 되는 기본 문제 영역이 된다. 연역적 추론은 이미 알고 있는 판단을 근거로 새로운 사실을 추 론하는 논리학의 용어이다. 본 논문에서는 연역적 추론을 위해 제약 충족 방법을 활용하여 사활문제와 직결 되는 3궁, 4궁, 5궁, 6궁의 원형 안형을 표현하는 4-튜플의 형식을 찾고자 했다. 이후 생성된 4-튜플의 형식 을 갖고 점 패턴 매칭을 활용하여 각 궁도의 원형 안형의 갯수를 파악하고자 했다. 실험 결과에 따른 4-튜플 형식의 갯수는 3궁 1개, 4궁 3개, 5궁 4개, 6궁 8개가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 궁도의 원형 안형의 갯 수는 3궁 2개, 4궁 5개, 5궁 12개, 6궁 35개가 존재함을 찾아냈다. 마지막으로 컴퓨터 바둑에서의 사활문제 해결을 위해 원형 안형들을 4-튜플 형식의 변형인 5-튜플 형식으로도 제시하였다.

Go has a history of at least 2,500 years and has been regarded as a unique game field for humans, but in 2016 it became the last board game to be overpowered by alphaGo, a computer Go. The life-and-death problem in Go becomes a fundamental problem domain that must be solved when implementing a computer Go. Deductive reasoning is a term in logic that infers new facts based on known judgements. In this paper, we tried to find the 4-tuple forms representing the prototypical eye shapes of 3-eyes, 4-eyes, 5-eyes, and 6-eyes, which are directly related to the life-and-death problems, by using the constraint satisfaction method for deductive reasoning. Afterwards, we tried to figure out the number of prototypical eye shapes of each eyes by using point pattern matching with the generated 4-tuple form. According to the experimental results, we can see that the 4-tuple forms have 1 for 3-eyes, 3 for 4-eyes, 4 for 5-eyes, and 8 for 6-eyes. We also found that the numbers of prototypical eye shapes for each eyes are 2 for 3-eyes, 5 for 4-eyes, 12 for 5-eyes, and 35 for 6-eyes. Lastly, for solving the life-and-death problem in computer Go, we also presented prototypical eye shapes as the 5-tuple forms which are variants of 4-tuple forms.