Earticle

무역거래에서 발생하는 리스크를 해소하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있지만 본 연구에서는 무역 보험제도를 활용하여 리스크를 예방하는 방법과 사후관리제도인 중재법을 활용한 중재제도를 활용하여 리스크를 감소하는 방법 그리고 무역당사자간에 협상 및 커뮤니케이션을 통해 완만 하게 해결하는 방법이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리스크 결정요인인 정치적 리스크, 신용 리스크, 환율변동 리스크, 화물 운송리스크가 무역보험제도 활용, 상재중재 활용에 미치는 영 향을 분석하고자 한다. 이와 같은 분석을 통하여 무역거래 리스크 발생시 어떠한 방식이 효율 적 해결방법인가를 찾아내어 무역증진에 도움을 주고자 하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 실증분석 결과 무역 리스크 요인이 리스크 관리에 영향을 미치는 요인을 보면, 당사국의 정치 적 리스크, 신용리스크, 환율변동 리스크, 화물운송 리스크 등이 주요 위험의 요인 중에 환율변 동 리스크를 제외하고는 무역보험제도 활용에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 또한 상사중재제 도 활용에서도 환율변동 리스크가 유의하지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 이는 수출입 리스크 관 리에 영향을 미치지 않는 요인으로 환율변동 리스크가 유의하지 않고 있다. 이는 무역업체가 무역을 실시하면서 발생하는 리크스 관리요인에 정치적 리크스, 신용리스크, 화물운송 리스크 요인이 무역리스크의 효율적 관리에 적합하지만, 환율변동 리스크는 영향을 미치지 않는다는 점이다. 이는 수출입 업자는 환율변동에 대한 리스크는 일반적으로 무역 관 리차원에서 조정하는 것이 아니라 시장환경 변화에 맡기는 경향이 있다.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of political risk, credit risk, exchange rate fluctuation risk, and cargo transportation risk, which are the determining factors of risk, on the use of trade insurance system and commercial arbitration. The purpose of this study is to find out which method is an efficient solution to trade transaction risk through such analysis and help promote trade. Research design, data, methodology : In addition, a questionnaire survey method was used to empirically analyze the impact on risk management of Korean import and export companies. The sample was surveyed on small and medium-sized import and export enterprises in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeonnam. The research model used the risks of trading companies such as emergency risk, credit risk, corporate risk, interest rate fluctuation and currency fluctuation risk. In addition, constituent factors were utilized as constituent factors such as emergency risk, credit risk, currency risk, and transportation risk, which cause unexpected losses such as impossibility of fulfillment of trade contracts, inability to recover import and export payments, loss of currency exchange, and loss of transport cargo. Results : As a result of the empirical analysis, if the factors of trade risk affect risk management, political risk, credit risk, exchange rate fluctuation risk, freight transport risk, etc. are among the main risk factors. In addition, the exchange rate fluctuation risk has an insignificant effect on the use of the commercial arbitration system. This is a factor that does not affect import and export risk management, and the risk of exchange rate fluctuations is not significant. Conclusions : Political leaks, credit risk, and cargo transportation risk factors are suitable for efficient management of trade risk, but exchange rate fluctuation risk does not affect the risk management factors that occur when trading companies conduct trade. This means that importers and exporters tend to leave the risk of exchange rate fluctuations to changes in the market environment, rather than to adjust them in terms of trade management. In other words, exchange rate fluctuations change under too diversified circumstances, which means that it is a factor that deviates from the management aspect of importers and exports. In the future, traders must develop and respond to import and export risk factors in order to actively respond in a diversified and diversified environment.

본 연구는 중국에 수출하고 있는 기업의 무역보험 활용이 수출성과에 미치는 영향관계를 분석 하였다. 중국이 우리나라의 제1교역 국가임을 감안하여 수출위험 관리수단으로 가장 많이 활용하 고 있는 단기수출보험과 수출신용보증을 중심으로 수출성과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 수출기업특성, 신용위험특성, 무역보험특성은 단기수출보험에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수출기업특성, 신용위험특성은 수출신용보증에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 단기수출보험과 수출신용보증 활용은 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되 었다. 결론적으로 중국에 수출하고 있는 우리나라 기업의 무역보험 활용은 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

This study analyzes the effective use of the export insurance by companies that export to China. The analysis of the export performance was focused on the short-term export insurance and export credit guarantee which is frequently used to control the risk of export to China, considering that it is the biggest trading country in the world, Results showed that, first, the characteristics of the company environment, credit risks, and characteristics of the export insurance took an effect on the short-term export insurance. Second, characteristics of the company environment and credit risks took an effect on the export credit guarantee. And third, the use of short-term export insurance and export credit guarantee took an effect on the export performance. In conclusion, the use of export insurance by a company who exports products to China had an affect on their export performance.

Export and import of food, agriculture, forestry, fishery products are suffering from low growth rate due to the European financial crisis, global recession, and Japan's 2012 export expansion following the aftermath of 2011 earthquake. Upon the signing and enactment of Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and the EU, agriculture and fishery product have become the center of attention. Agriculture and fishery was reported to be 80million dollars, 1.46% of total national export, in 2012. Starting from2000, South Korea's government began its effort to expand agriculture and fishery export and as a result, export has steadily increased despite decreased consumption led by global recession. K-Sure has started an insurance program with the purpose of promoting SME business's export. It protects SME business against risk arising from credit, emergency, bad debt, and domestic price increase. This study aims to evaluate the service quality of K-Sure's insurance program via surveying SME businesses in the agriculture and fishery industry. Also this study will identify key service factors for SME businesses and explore ways to expand SME exports of agriculture and fishery by analyzing consumer satisfaction index. Results indicated service product quality factor, service communication quality factor, and social quality factor was key to improving consumer satisfaction for SME businesses in agriculture and fishery industry. Service product quality factor had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction in term of variety and results indicated that service communication quality factor's responsiveness element had minimal impact on consumer satisfaction. Conversely, all elements for social quality factor had positive effects on consumer satisfaction. Thus, leading to the conclusion that improvements in service product quality factor and service communication quality factor will indeed increase consumer satisfaction.

무역자유화와 시장개방은 농업부문의 예외가 되지 못하고 있다. 영세구조를 특징으로 하고 있는 우리나라 농업은 세계무역기구 출범과 지역무역협정(FTA) 체결의 확산 속에서 새로운 전환 시기를 맞이하고 있다. 2000년 이후 우리나라는 농식품 수출활성화를 위한 지원제도를 다각적으로 운영하고 있지만 무역보험제도의 활용은 매우 낮은 수준을 보이고 있다. 농수산물 수출보험에서 시작된 농수산물 수출보험패키지는 우리나라 농식품 수출의 활성화 및 시장 확대를 위한 정책지원으로 수출환경 개선에 큰 기여를 할 수 있는 제도로 도입된 것이다. 하지만 농수산물수출보험패키지의 활용은 매우 낮은 수준이며 수출관련 농가 및 기업의 인식도 낮은 수준에 있다. 본 연구는 향후 우리나라의 농식품 수출은 수출환경에서 노출되는 위험을 최소화하는 것이 품목개발과 더불어 가장 중요한 요인이 되고 있는 시점에서 농수산물수출보험 패키지 보험제도의 활용을 분석하여 농수산물수출패키지보험제도 개선을 통해 보다 높은 수준에서 활용이 될 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

Agriculture in Korea, which are characterized by small-scale structure is undergoing a period of a new conversion in the diffusion of regional trade agreements (FTA) signed with the launch of the World Trade Organization. Since 2000, Korea has managed diversified, support system for agricultural food export activation, but the use of export insurance system shows a very low level. Export Insurance package of agricultural products, which began in the agricultural and marine product export insurance, can be evaluated in the system that can be a major contribution to the improvement of the export environment in policy support for market expansion and activation of the Korean agricultural food export. In this study, the future, you can minimize the risk exposed by the export environment in addition to the development of products, at the time has become the most important factor, Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries exports of Korea, the export of agricultural and fishery products was presented a scheme that can be to analyze the utilization of the insurance package insurance system, to take advantage at a higher level through the improvement of the export package insurance system of agricultural and fishery products.