Earticle

항공기 정비 인력은 항공기의 감항성을 보장하는 데 핵심적인 역할을 수행하는 동시에 정비 오류, 사이버 위협, 규정 준수 문제 등 다양한 위험에 직면한다. 본 논 문은 항공기 정비 분야의 항공 안전 및 보안에 대해 논의하고, 항공 보안 분야에서 정비 인력의 핵심적인 역할을 제시한다. 또한, 정비 인력의 항공 보안 강화를 위한 지침으로 "항공기 정비 보안 5계명"을 제안하고, 그 중요성과 실제 적용 방안을 강 조한다. 본 연구는 각 계명의 실질적인 의미를 분석하고 실제 정비 업무와 연관시켜 정비 품질 향상 및 항공 보안 강화를 위한 실행 가능한 전략을 제시한다.

Aviation maintenance personnel play a critical role in ensuring the airworthiness of aircraft, while also facing various risks such as maintenance errors, cyber threats, and compliance issues. This paper discusses aviation safety and security in the aircraft maintenance field, and shows the key role of maintenance personnel in aviation security. In addition, it lists the “Five Commandments for Aviation Maintenance Security” as a guideline for enhancing aviation security for maintenance personnel, and emphasizes their importance and practical application. This study examines the practical meaning of each commandment and connects it to actual maintenance work, thereby suggesting actionable strategies to improve maintenance quality and enhance aviation security.

For reasonable establishing of maintenance strategies, safety security and cost limitation must be considered at the same time. In this paper, the concept of system reliability introduces and optimizes as the key of reasonable maintenance strategies. This study aims at optimizing component's reliability that satisfies the target reliability of brake system in the urban transit. First of all, constructed reliability evaluation system is used to predict and analyze reliability. This data is used for the optimization. To identify component reliability in a system, a method is presented in this paper which uses hybrid neuro-genetic technique. Feed-forward multi-layer neural networks trained by back propagation are used to find out the relationship between component reliability (input) and system reliability (output) of a structural system. The inverse problem can be formulated by using neural network. Genetic algorithm is used to find the minimum square error. Finally, this paper presents reasonable maintenance cycle of urban transit brake system by using optimal system reliability.

Equipment and machine of industrial plant are give effect to mechanical-stress of many working-stop or long time operating. Therefore, to be old and decrepit of every king of equipment. As long time operating equipment period into increase conservation and of repair equipment time is efficacious necessity of utility factor gradually that of productivity of diminution and complete equipment expense of increase. Conservation at special skill working and necessity is that will effectually and complete a period prevention management diagnosis can conservation point at issues at in advance.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and the international community are consist of 17 goals and 169 specific goals and aim to solve the global poverty problem and realize sustainable development between 2016 and 2030. No poverty, Zero hunger, Good health and well-being, Quality education, Gender equality, Clean water and sanitation, Affordable and clean energy, Decent work and economic growth, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Reduced inequalities, Sustainable cities and communities, Responsible consumption and production, climate action, Life below water, Life on land, Peace, justice and strong institutions, Partnerships for the goals are the 17 goals. Transitioning to the Circular Economy and a Carbon-Neutral Society could be the main structure to realize these SDGs. A Prognostic Inspection and Proactive Maintenance System (PIPM) of rolling bearings can renew service life repetitively by about three times and thus it could be an innovative solution to change rolling bearing supply chain. The PIPM system of rolling bearings will be a good solution to realize a circular economy system and to reduce CO2 emission significantly. One ton of bearings of the PIPM system can save more than 20 tons CO2 emissions. The PIPM system could be applied to mechanical components which need replacement repetitively due to fatigue stress and so it could bring snowball effects on the transition to the Circular Economy and a Carbon-Neutral Society.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and the international community are consisted of 17 goals and 169 specific goals and are to solve the global poverty problem and realize sustainable development between 2016 and 2030. No poverty, Zero hunger, Good health and well-being, Quality education, Gender equality, Clean water and sanitation, Affordable and clean energy, Decent work and economic growth, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Reduced inequalities, Sustainable cities and communities, Responsible consumption and production, climate action, Life below water, Life on land, Peace, justice and strong institutions, Partnerships for the goals are 17 goals. Transition to the Circular Economy and a Carbon-Neutral Society could be the main structure to realize these SDGs. A Prognostic Inspection and Proactive Maintenance System (PIPM) of rolling bearings which could renewal service life repetitively about three times and thus it could be an innovative solution to change rolling bearing supply chain. PIPM system of rolling bearings will be a good solution to realize circular economy system and to reduce CO2 emission significantly. 1 ton bearing of PIPM system can save more than 20 ton CO2 emissions. PIPM system could be applied to mechanical components which needs replacement repetitively due to fatigue stress and so it could bring snowball effects on the transition to the Circular Economy and a Carbon-Neutral Society.

The primary maintenance practice in nuclear power plant operation is based on a preventive maintenance policy. The total cost of maintenance over the plant’s lifetime is several times higher than the utility cost. With the service period of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) potentially exceeding 100 years, numerous new technologies in design and manufacturing, including materials, have been introduced to meet safety and economic requirements. A new maintenance strategy, named the Prognostic Inspection Methodology and Proactive Maintenance Methodology, has been introduced, going beyond traditional preventive maintenance. The development of a new maintenance strategy and practice, termed the PIPM (Prognostic Inspection and Proactive Maintenance) System for SMRs, which integrates the Prognostic Inspection Methodology and Proactive Maintenance Methodology, is suggested.

This study emphasizes the salary increases for enlisted soldiers, leading to substantial inflation in operation and maintenance costs within the current conscription system. We conducted a comparative analysis and predicted the O&M costs of the mixed-recruitment system and the all-volunteer system as alternatives to address the shortage of military manpower. The conscription system would require an additional 4 trillion won due to the salary increase, while the all-volunteer system would require an additional 1 trillion won. We used the latest demographic data, the extent of soldiers’ salary increase, and the active duty determination rate to compare the O&M costs of the conscription systems before and after the salary increase. This analysis includes the case where the current system has transitioned into the mixed-recruitment system and all-volunteer system, considered the alternative military service system, to provide the base cost data for determining the possibility of transforming the military service system in the future and improving it in the transitional period.

Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has a helium refrigeration system (HRS) with the cooling capacity of 9 kW at 4.5 K. Main cold components are composed of 300 tons of superconducting (SC) magnets, main cryostat thermal shields, and SC current feeder system. The HRS comprises six gas storage tanks, a liquid nitrogen tank, the room temperature compression sector, the cold box (C/B), the 1st stage helium distribution box (DB#1), the PLC base local control system interconnected to central control tower and so on. Between HRS and cold components, there’s another distribution box (DB#2) nearby the KSTAR device. The entire KSTAR device was constructed in 2007 and has been operated since 2008. This paper will present the maintenance result of the KSTAR HRS during the campaign and discuss the operation record and maintenance history of the KSTAR HRS.

This paper proposes a modular Learning Management System (LMS) to establish an integrated digital training hub for highly-skilled equipment maintenance personnel. While advanced technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are being adopted, distributed educational resources and a lack of integrated platforms hinder systematic competency management. To address this, we designed and implemented a web-based LMS centered on technical personnel competency management, training performance analysis, and collaborative learning support. The system features a scalable architecture designed to serve as a future hub for an 'intelligent digital tutor ecosystem,' which will incorporate xAPI-based learning analytics and AR training linked with S1000D technical manuals, thereby contributing to the advancement of industrial technology education.

최근 현행 도시시설물 관리의 운영체계 미흡, 유지관리 정보의 연속성, 확장성 등의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 기존 도시시설물 관리기능에 첨단 IT 기술을 융합하여 보다 효율적이고 다양한 서비스를 창출하고자 하는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우선적으로 BIM 기반 도시시설물 유지관리 동향을 조사 분석하고, 스마트 유지관리 기능 및 시설물 정보체계를 구성하여 환경을 구축하였다. 이후 BIM 기반의 도로 교량이나 터널과 같은 도시시설물 유지관리 시스템 개발에 필요한 고려사항을 시스템 운영 및 구축 측면에서 각각 도출하여 이를 바탕으로 BIM 기반 도시 시설물 유지관리 시스템 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 연구결과는 향후 유지관리 시스템 개발과 활용 시나리오 도출 및 적용 연구방향 설정에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Recently the existing urban facility management integrating with advanced IT has been created more effective and various service for solving the problems what are the inadequacy of operating system, data continuity and expandability, etc. Therefore this study analyzed the research trend of BIM based urban facility maintenance, and implemented the environment with smart facility maintenance function and facility information system. Also this suggested the BIM based maintenance system framework after considerations as system operation and construction are deducted for development of system managing urban facility like bridge and tunnel. The output will be used as preliminary data for the study of development of maintenance system and derivation of real scenarios.

PURPOSES : This study focuses on conducting pavement rehabilitation for more deteriorated roads given a limited government budget. METHODS : Therefore, we apply a optimization programming model of the permutation algorithm used for rehabilitating more deteriorated pavement areas, which is subjected to the limited budget. RESULTS : The permutation algorithm was evaluated in terms of determining the maximized rehabilitation of deteriorated pavement areas, using the newly developed performance models such as fatigue cracking, rutting, international roughness index(IRI) through the surveying data from 2006 to 2012. When compared with a traditional model of the so-called worst-first sequence(WFS) method, the permutation algorithm worked better than the WFS method, resulting in covering more deteriorated pavement areas given the limited government budget. CONCLUSIONS : Through a case study, it could be concluded that the permutation algorithm provides more reliable results in terms of rehabilitating more deteriorated pavement areas given the limited budget.

본 논문에서는 스마트 NFC 통신과 실시간 소화기 압력 측정을 이용한 소화기 유지관리 및 모니터링 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안하는 시스템 구성은 소화기를 식별하기 위해 스마트 기기와 소화기용 모듈 간 NFC 통신으로 인식하는 단계, 소화기의 외관 점검과 실시간 소화기 압력 측정 단계 및 소화기 점검 상태 정보를 관리서버로 전송하고 관리 프로그램에서 통합 관리하는 단계로 구성된다. 특히 스마트 기기를 이용한 실시간 소화기 압력 측정은 정상 압력을 의미하는 녹색 영역과 색상 패턴 기반 검출된 지시바늘의 위치 각도간의 거리 계산으로 최종 압력을 검출하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 소화기 유지관리 시스템이 설계 규격대로 수행됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 제안하는 시스템은 관리자가 효과적으로 소화기 안전 점검 상태 정보를 통제할 수 있는 결과를 보였다.

In this paper, the fire extinguisher maintenance system using smart NFC communication and the real-time pressure measurement is proposed. The proposed system consists of three steps in the flow of information. The first step is to identify the fire extinguisher through NFC tagging in the fire extinguisher module using the smart device. The fire extinguisher appearance check and the real-time pressure measurement is performed in the second step, and the last step sends the check status information to the management server. In particular, the actual pressure value is calculated based on the angle of the green area and the indicating needle. Some experiments are conducted so as to verify the proposed system, and as a result, the proposed system shows that the administrator can effectively control the status information of fire safety check.

Remote fault diagnosis and maintenance system using general telecommunication network is necessary for an effective fault diagnosis and higher productivity of NC machine tools. In order to monitor machine tool condition and diagnose alarm states due to electrical and mechanical faults, a remote data communication system for monitoring of NC machine fault diagnosis and status is developed. The developed system consists of (1) remote communication module among NC's and host PC using PSTN. (2) 8 channels analog data sensing module, (3) digital I/O module for control or NC machine, (4) communication module between NC machine and remote data communication system via RS-232C, and (5) software man-machine interface. Diagnostic monitoring results generated through a successive type inference engine are displayed in user-friendly graphics. The validity and reliability of the developed system is verified to be a powerful commercial version on a vertical machining center through a series of experiments.

The purpose of this study was to suggest the more efficient system for management in urban park through the investigation of the managemental condition. Research sites for managemental condition were 9 municipal park managemental offices in Seoul, Pusan and Taegu. The degree of the managemental state in these parks was generally passive and low. So, each of them had to consider the ways how to buy private-owned sites, to standardize facility maintenance, to characterize the managemental objects, to enlarge managemental personnels and systems, to apply entrusting management, to plan user-service strategies and to shorten expenditures. Particularly the positive managemental improvement in user control was demanded to cope with the changing social needs. In long term, they had to develop basic elements for the reasonable park management, clear park maps, area of facilities, the event, citizen participation, budgets and etc., and had to prepare the middle-long term management plan and the precise analysis to the managemental criteria.

본 연구의 목적은 가족부양체계의 메커니즘을 살펴보는 것이다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 부양 행위 여부와 부양의 동기가 관련 행위자들의 피부양 선호 및 비선호 이유에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 부양 동기는 규범적 동기와 교환론적 동기로 구분하였고, 피부양 선호 이유는 규범적인 이유와 교환론적 이유로 구분하였으며, 피부양 비선호 이유는 자의에 기초한 이유와 타의에 기초한 이유로 구분하였다. 연구결과에 대해 간략히 설명하자면, 먼저 피부양을 원하는 자녀들 중 현재 부모를 부양하는 부양자는 미부양자에 비해 규범적인 이유로 피부양을 기대하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째로, 피부양을 원하지 않는 자녀들을 대상으로 한 분석에서는 미부양자가 부양자에 비해 타의에 기초하여 피부양을 선호하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이어서 부양 동기에 따른 분석에서는 피부양을 선호하는 자녀들의 경우 규범적인 동기와 교환론적인 동기에 의해 부양을 수행하는 자녀들 모두 미부양자에 비해 자신의 피부양에 대한 기대 이유를 규범적인 것에서 찾을 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 피부양을 선호하지 않는 자녀들의 경우에는 상이한 결과를 보여주었는데, 규범적인 동기에 의한 부양자의 경우, 미부양자에 비해 자의에 기초하여 피부양을 선호하지 않는 것으로 나타난 반면에, 교환론적인 동기에 의한 부양자의 경우에는 타의에 기초한 피부양 비선호의 모습을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 다양한 사회적 변화 속에서도 효(孝) 규범에 기초한 규범적 동기가 여전히 가족부양체계의 지속을 가능케 하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 보여준다. 그러나 가족부양체계의 지속을 설명하는 효 규범은 그것의 문화적인 속성에 초점을 맞추어 해석되기 보다는 그것이 가지는 실질적이고 구체적인 역할에 중점을 두어 해석될 필요가 있어 보인다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 이론적 함의를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to explore mechanism of family caregiving system. Especially, this study is to examine how caregiving experience and caregiving motives affect the reason for care given preference and non-preference. For this study, caregiving motives are divided into the normative motive and the resource exchange motive. In addition, the reason for care given preference is divided into the normative reason and the resource exchange reason. The reason for care given non-preference is also divided into the reason based on actor’s own will and other's will. To synthesize the results, first, caregivers wanted care given by the normative reason more than non-caregivers. Second, caregivers did not want care given based on their own will more than non-caregivers. Third, all caregivers by the normative motive and the resource exchange motive wanted care given due to the normative reason more than non-caregivers. Finally, caregivers by the normative motive did not want care given based on their own will compared to non-caregivers. Whereas caregivers by the resource exchange motive did not want care given based on their children’ will more than non-caregivers. These results suggest that an important factor keeping continuance of family caregiving system in Korean society is still the normative motive focused on filial piety norm in spite of social exchanges. However, filial piety norm accounting for Korean family caregiving system needs to be interpreted in focusing on more substantial and specific role of it than cultural characters. These finding have suggested theoretical implications.

본 연구는 한국 초기고령자의 노동과 노후소득보장 수급액과의 관계에 대해 지역을 중심으로고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 한국복지패널자료(7차∼ 12차)를 활용하여 패널자료분석방법을 통해 분석한다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 패널자료분석 결과, 고령자노동에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 변수(성별, 연령, 교육수준), 경제(자산), 건강(주관적 건강상태) 및 심리건강상태(우울, 자아존중감) 변인을 통제하고, 노후소득보장제도의 수급액과 고령자노동의 관계는 제도별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특수직역연금 수급액과 국민기초생활보장수급액은 고령자 노동과 부정적으로 연관되어 있다. 둘째, 고령자의 노동과 노후소득보장 수급액의 관계에 대한 분석은 지역변수 투입여부에 따라 상이한 결과를 산출한다. 국민연금 수급액과기초연금 수급액과 고령자 노동과의 관계는 지역변수의 투입 여부에 따라 통계적 유의미성이 달라진다. 셋째, 지역을 대도시, 중소도시, 농어촌으로 나누어 노후소득보장 수급액과 고령자 노동과의 관계를 분석한 결과 지역별로 노후소득보장 수급액이 고령자 노동에 미치는 영향이 다른 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between labor and the old age income security for the elderly in Korea, focusing on the region. This study is analyzed through panel data analysis method by utilizing the 7th to 12th Korean Welfare Panel data. The results of this study are as follows. First, panel data analysis shows that the relationship between the old-age income security and the elderly labor varies by systems, controlling the demographic and sociological variables (gender, age, educational level), economy (asset), health (subjective health condition) and psychological health status (depression, self-esteem) that affect the elderly labor. The Special Occupational Pension and the National Basic Livelihood Security are found to be negatively related to elderly labor. Second, the analysis of the relationship between the labor of the elderly and the old-age income security yields different results depending on whether the local variables are controlled for. The relationships between the National Pension and the Basic Pension and the labor of the elderly vary in statistical significance depending on whether local variables are controlled for. Third, the regional analyses of the relationship between the old-age income security and the labor of the elderly show that the old-age income security has different effects on the elderly labor by region. Based on these findings, this study presents policy implications.

The Korean Railroad Research Institute (KRRI) has developed the rubber tired AGT system (Model: K-AGT) between 1999 and 2005. The K-AGT is a light rail transit system does not require a driver and generally operates on an elevated railroad for transporting passengers. Accidents caused by driverless vehicles can severely affect social confidence, safety and economy therefore, it is very important to minimize the occurrences of such faults, and to accurately perform detailed maintenance tasks and thoroughly investigate the cause of any repeated failures. This research develops the web-based Preventive Maintenance (PM) system for the KAGT train system. The framework of the PM system is based on performing a reliability analysis and a failure mode effects analyses (FMEA) procedure on all the sub-systems in the K-AGT system. Out of the devices that have a low reliability, the high failure ranked devices are included high in the list for performing the overall maintenance plans. Through registration of historical failure data, the reliability indexes can be updated. Such a process is repeated continuously and can achieve very accurate predictions for device operational life times and failure rates. Therefore, this research describes the development of the overall PM system consists of a reliability analysis module, a failure mode effect analysis module, and maintenance request module.