Earticle

In Korea, private investigation business had been called as Heungsineop but it changed to messenger center from 1970s. Foreign private investigation agencies have started to run business as crisis management agency, consulting agency after Korea joined OECD in 1996. foreign private investigation agencies are still growing illegally by using similar names to private investigation business and today, these are covered doing illegal acting like shadowing, phone-tapping, even contract through media sources. Today, according to statistical data by the National Police Agency late 2012, messenger agencies are around 1574 in domestic and 939 of those are in the metropolitan area. Illegal types are uncovered as investigating personal life 27(68%), personal information offering 7(18%), location tracing 5(12%), illegal claim collection 1(2%) plus, clients for these company are uncovered as housewife 196(34%), company employee 152(27%), independent businessman 78(14%), profession 35(6%). Correctly present situation and dispersion of domestic private investigation businesses like security company because private investigation system has not been enacted in domestic, until now. Thus, this study try to analyze demand of private investigation for a proposal in legislation process which is pending in 19th assembly like Yun Jae-Ok's 「All Amendments Private Security Act」 and Song Young-Geun's 「Private Invstigation Act」 so we expect to that private investigation system is introduced to Korea as soon as possible.

Acquired tracheoesophageal fi stula through esophageal diverticulum is infrequent. We report tracheoesophageal fi stula through esophageal diverticulum in a 55-year-old male who had a prolonged tracheostomy tube during 6 months, and a NG tube during 18 months. He suffered from recurrent pneumonia. He complained of a cough associated with eating, and production of sputum mixed with food. To help evaluate the aspiration to the lung and the cause of aspiration, he was tested using gastrointestinal scintigraphy (gastric emptying study),a chest CT scan (pre & post contrast), and esophagoduodenoscopy. The chest CT scan revealed an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula through esophageal diverticulum, and esophagoduodenoscopy revealed a 3 mm sized fi stula that was located ?33 cm from the upper incisor. We treated the tracheoesophageal fi stula by clipping under esophagoduodenoscopy. The symptoms of fever, cough, and aspiration were no long observed after the clipping was completed.

The activities of NADPH-dependent enzymes are crucial for appropriate functions in metabolism and energy transformation of biological systems. These enzymes thus function as biomarkers of some diseases and metabolic disorder. Although the importance is being increased, current assay systems need high costs of instrumentation, time-consuming multi-step pretreatment, lower stability and weak signal of NADPH. Here we present a fluorometric assay that circumvents many issues of previous methods, because this system simply measured an enhanced fluorescence of NADPH, generated just after incubation with only mBFP(a metagenome derived NADPH-dependent blue fluorescence protein). Using mBFP, we set up an HTS system for screening of NADP(H)-dependent enzymes and then validated through a pilot screen using a small library. The simplicity and speed of this system can be useful for the functional characterization of the related enzyme and inhibitors

In this study was conducted with focus on the change in vibration characteristics in the rail to analyze the noise produced in the rail upon operation of slide mechanism in power seat for vehicles. Preferentially, the motor rpm was simultaneously measured about operating noise, vibration as operating into direction of forward and backward with the slide mechanism. And, modal test was conducted according to operation position of the seat rail, through which overall analysis was conducted for the effects of vibration characteristics of the rail on operating to noise. According to the results, it could be seen that resonance occurred between the 2nd natural frequency generated on the left upper rail and the 3rd order of motor rotation to affect the operating noise.

본 연구는 기독교전인치유의 정체성과 효율성을 보다 심도있게 담보하기 위해 통전적 인간이해에 바탕을 둔 통합적치유모델을 탐색하고 제안하는데 초점을 두고 있다. 최근 한국 교회에는 전인치유라는 이름으로 행해지는 다양한 사역의 형태들이 존재한다. 그러나 전인치유적 접근 원리와 방법에 신학과 심리학의 무분별한 통합으로 말미암아 많은 폐해와 부작용이 일어나고 있다. 이런 폐해와 부작용을 최소화하고 정체성과 효율성, 전문성을 충족하는 전인치유적 원리와 방안을 세우기 위해 성경과 바른 상담신학에 뿌리를 두면서도 전인치유 현장을 고려한 통합적전인치유의 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 통합적 전인치유이해의 상담신학적 준거틀을 제공해줄 수 있는 하나님나라 신학과 연관하여 기존의 다양한 전인이해와 전인치유모델들을 탐색하였다. 영혼과 육체를 실체적으로 분리하여 접근하는 헬라철학의 영향을 배제하는 가운데 인간의 영적, 정신적, 육체적, 사회문화적 차원과 인간 인격의 지, 정, 의 차원을 균형있게 아우르는 통전적 인간이해를 바탕으로 하나님나라의 도래와 종말론, 성령론과 연관된 통합적 전인치유 모델의 한 전형을 제안하였다.

The central aim of this study focuses on proposing an integrative holistic healing model, related to the Kingdom of God, for the purpose of guarantying the identity and efficiency of the Christian holistic healing. Recently, although various types of holistic healing ministries have been peformed among many parishioners in the Korean Church, we can not deny there have been a lot of negative effects and victims, which may be due to irrelevant integration of theology and psychology in holistic healing approaches. According to theological examination of anthropology, we notice that a human being should be considered as a whole person, whose spiritual, psychological, physical, socio-cultural, intellectual, emotional, volitional dimensions are so organically intermingled that they cannot be separated in substantial level. In the light of theological understanding of whole person and the Kingdom of God, which can be used as major theological frameworks of holistic healing in the Christian Counseling, several holistic healing models are explored. Finally, an integrative holistic healing model is established and proposed, in which a whole person is considered as a eschatological being under the recreational work of God. Within this model, the separation of various dimensions of a whole person is allowed only in conceptual and functional level, while the work of the kingdom of God is emphasized.

In this paper, we analyzed insider access pattern to documents for monitoring insider misuse in the document control domain (DCD). We optimized insider access pattern to documents using apriori algorithm adding time and click ratio. Insiders have typical access patterns among related documents when performing their duties. When insider misuse occurs in the DCD, it can be detected by the typical access pattern of insider. We added time and click ratio to apriori algorithm for improving the accuracy of insider access patterns. Time means the activation time of the document. Click ratio represents the frequency of click change within the document. The proposed algorithm can remove access patterns with the low reliability and reduce the false detection rate when detecting insider misuse.

In this paper, we architected a document control system for monitoring leakage of important documents related to military information. Our proposed system inspects all documents when they are downloaded and sent. It consists of 3 modules; authentication module, access control module and watermarking module. The authentication module checks insider information for allow to log on system. The access control module control access authorization to do operations by insiders according to their role and security level. The watermarking module is used to track transmission path of documents. The document control system controls illegal information flow by insiders and does not allow access to documents which are not related to the insider’s duties.

Background and Purpose Long-term changes in post-stroke depression (PSD), post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI), and post-stroke anger (PSA) have rarely been studied. Methods This is a sub-study of EMOTION, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, that examined the efficacy of escitalopram on PSD, PSEI, and PSA in patients with stroke. We interviewed patients at the long-term period (LTP) using predefined questionnaires: Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) for PSD, modified Kim’s criteria for PSEI, and Spielberger trait anger scale for PSA. Additionally, the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) for the social support state and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were measured. We investigated the changes in and factors behind PSD, PSEI, and PSA at LTP. Results A total of 222 patients were included, and the median follow-up duration was 59.5 months (interquartile range, 50 to 70). Compared to the data at 6 months post-stroke, the prevalence of PSEI (11.7% at 6 months, 6.3% at LTP; P=0.05) and mean anger score (21.62, 16.24; P<0.01) decreased, while the prevalence of PSD (35.6%, 44.6%; P=0.03) and mean MADRS (6.16, 8.67; P<0.01) increased at LTP. ESSI was associated with PSD and PSA, but not with PSEI. The effect of the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on PSD decreased over time. The effect of low social support on PSD was greater than that of mRS at LTP. Conclusions The prevalence and degree of PSD significantly increased, while those of PSEI and PSA decreased at LTP. PSD in this stage appeared to be more closely associated with a lack of social support than patients' physical disabilities.

Background/Aims: Among patients with febrile neutropenia that developed after chemotherapy, high-risk patients, such as those having clinical instability or Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer score of < 21, require hospitalization for intravenous empiric antibiotic therapy. Monotherapy with an anti-pseudomonal ß-lactam agent is recommended. Although many studies reported the microbial etiology of infections and resistant patterns of febrile neutropenia, the patients were not well characterized as having neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial spectrum of infections and resistance patterns of their isolates in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Methods: Data of adult patients diagnosed with neutropenic septic shock in the emergency department between June 2012 and December 2016 were extracted from a prospectively compiled septic shock registry at a single academic medical center. Thereafter, microbiological studies and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted. Results: In total, 109 bacteria were found in patients with neutropenic septic shock. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causative organisms (84, 77.1%). Moreover, 33 microorganisms (30.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (17, 50%) being the commonest. The most commonly affected sites in patients with MDR bacterial infections were the gastrointestinal tract (45%) and unknown (43.5%). Approximately 48.5% of MDR bacteria were resistant to cefepime but not to piperacillin- tazobactam or carbapenem. Conclusions: MDR bacteria were prevalent in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenem may be considered as empiric antibiotics if MDR bacteria are suspected to be causative agents.

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate parameters that predict radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify the clinical significance of RILD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 117 HCC patients who were treated by SBRT from March 2011 to February 2015. RILD was defined as elevated liver transaminases more than five times the upper normal limit or a worsening of Child-Pugh (CP) score by 2 within 3 months after SBRT. All patients were assessed at 1 month and every 3 months after SBRT. Results: Median follow-up was 22.5 months (range, 3 to 56) after SBRT. RILD was developed in 29 of the 117 patients (24.7%). On univariate analysis, significant predictive factors of RILD were pretreatment CP score (p < 0.001) and normal liver volume (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that CP score was a significant predictor of RILD (p < 0.001). The incidence of RILD increased above a CP score of 6 remarkably. The rate of recovery from RILD decreased significantly above a CP score of 8. Survival analysis showed that CP score was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (p = 0.001). Conclusions: CP score is a significant factor to predict RILD in patients with chronic liver disease. RILD can be tolerated by patients with a CP score ≤ 7. However, careful monitoring of liver function is needed for patients with a CP score 7 after SBRT.

Background/Aims: The disease course and factors associated with poor prognosis in Korean patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of CD and perianal fistulas in a Korean population. Methods: The retrospective Crohn’s Disease Clinical Network and Cohort (CONNECT) study enrolled patients diagnosed with CD between July 1982 and December 2008 from 32 hospitals. Those followed for <12 months were excluded. Clinical outcomes were CD-related surgery and complications, including nonperianal fistulas, strictures, and intra-abdominal abscesses. Results: The mean follow-up period was 8.77 years (range, 1.0 to 25.8 years). A total of 1,193 CD patients were enrolled, of whom 465 (39.0%) experienced perianal fistulas. Perianal fistulizing CD was significantly associated with younger age, male gender, CD diagnosed at primary care clinics, and ileocolonic involvement. Both nonperianal fistulas (p=0.034) and intra-abdominal abscesses (p=0.020) were significantly more common in CD patients with perianal fistulas than in those without perianal fistulas. The rates of complicated strictures and CD-related surgery were similar between the groups. Independently associated factors of nonperianal fistulas were perianal fistulas (p=0.015), female gender (p=0.048), CD diagnosed at referral hospital (p=0.003), and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) involvement (p=0.001). Furthermore, perianal fistulas (p=0.048) and UGI involvement (p=0.012) were independently associated with the risk of intra-abdominal abscesses. Conclusions: Perianal fistulas predicted the development of nonperianal fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses in Korean CD patients. Therefore, patients with perianal fistulizing CD should be carefully monitored for complicated fistulas or abscesses.

Background : Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. An increased expression has been implicated in the development and progression of human gastric cancers and colorectal adenomas and cancers. This study aimed to determine the involvement and association of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in precancerous gastric adenomas. Methods : Seventy-nine gastric polyps were obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection or polypectomy from January, 2000 to July, 2003. Immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 was observed, and their relationships with various clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results : Histologically, 13 hyperplastic polyps and 66 tubular adenomas, of which 17 showed high-grade dysplasia, were observed. Increased COX-2 expression was observed in low-grade and high-grade tubular adenomas compared to hyperplastic polyps (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). COX-2 expression was significantly higher in larger (>1 cm) compared with smaller (≤1 cm) tubular adenomas (p=0.034), but no relation was observed in hyperplastic polyps. While Bcl-2 expression differed significantly according to histology, increased Bcl-2 expression was observed especially in COX-2 positive low-grade tubular adenomas. Conclusion : COX-2 expression increased in a size-dependent manner in tubular adenomas, suggesting a role in polyp growth. The increased expression of Bcl-2 in tubular adenomas, especially in COX-2 positive tubular adenomas, suggests that COX-2 action may be related to Bcl-2 expression.