Earticle

본 연구는 남자체육전공 대학생 집단 11명을 대상으로 흉곽 심호흡 스트레칭 적용 유무 간의 폐기능 검사와 운동 부하검사를 통하여 폐기능(노력성호기량, 최대흡기류속, 최대호기류속, 최대수의적환기량)과 유산소성 운동능력(최대 산소섭취량, 호흡교환율, 분당환기량, 운동지속시간)을 비교 분석하여 유산소성 운동 전에 효과적으로 시행할 수 있는 스트레칭 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료로 제공하기 위해 실시하였다. 흉곽심호흡 스트레칭에 따른 결과로는 폐기능에 서 최대흡기류속(p=.046), 최대수의적환기량(p=.008)에서 유의한 증가가, 유산소성 운동능력에서는 호흡교환율 (p=.029), 분당환기량(p=.027), 운동지속시간(p=.001)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 흉곽심호흡스트레칭이 폐 기능과 유산소성 운동능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 간편하고도 의미 있는 단기 처치방법이라 할 수 있다.

The aim of study is to identify the effects of thoracic deep breathing stretching on pulmonary function and aerobic exercise capacity of male university student in physical education major. Lung function(FVC, PIF, PEF, MVV) and aerobic exercise capacity(VO2max, RER, VE, Exercise Duration) were measured by pulmonary function test and Graded exercise testing before and after thoracic deep breathing stretching program. All data were compared and analyzed to provided fundamental data for development of stretching program that can be effectively. Thoracic deep breathing stretching improved the result of lung function(PIF(p=.046), MVV(p=.008)) and aerobic capacity(RER(p=.029), VE(p=.027), Endurance Time(p=.001)). Therefore, thoracic deep breathing stretching is a simple and effective treatment method to improve lung function and aerobic capacity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular stretching program upon the development of physical flexibility and power of elementary school students with mental retardation in a special school and to provide the fundamental data as an warming up during the physical education class in the field. 30 students in a special school who composed of 14 special school students and 16 inclusive class in regular school students, who are mainly identificated as metal retardation and emotional disorder, participated in the program. Experiment procedures were taken pre-test, implementation of the program and post-test, each session lasted for 20 minutes per every weeks and 30 sessions in total were conducted at the environment of a special school. To verify effects between the experimental group and the control group, the pretest scores of two groups was used with SPSS/PC as a covariate variable. The difference of pre and post-test scores regarding two group were verified using MANOVA. This study found that below. Firstly, there was a significant positive effects of the regular stretching program upon the development of physical flexibility and power of experimental group and especially inclusive class student group was much more than special school student group. Secondly, according as gender, there was significant effect both gender especially male students' development of basic training of Standing Long Jump. Thirdly, according as kinds of disability, there was positive effects of mental retardation and emotional disorders group students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a stretching program, based on the Janda approach and compared with a static stretching program, on range of motion (ROM), muscle strength and pain. Subjects for this study were 11 middle-aged women with self-re-ported muscular skeletal symptoms. The subjects were randomly divid-ed into six women as an experimental group (stretching based on Jan-da approach group, SJAG) and five women as the comparison group (traditional static stretching group, TSSG). Static stretching program in both groups consisted of 14 types of exercise and strength program in SJAG was comprised of five isometric contractions. The stretching pro-gram was performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The ROM and mus-cle strength of the neck and shoulder region were measured and a nu-merical rating scale was used for measuring pain. Significant differenc-es between groups were determined with two-way repeated analysis of variance and paired t-test. As a result of this study, the ROM did not show generally significant changes but was affirmatively improved in both groups. SJAG showed significant improvement in muscle strength and pain reduction compared to the TSSG. Consequently, a stretching program based on the Janda approach would be more effective on self-reported muscular skeletal symptoms caused by posture misalign-ment than a static stretching program.

[목적] 본 연구는 운동전문가들이 골퍼들의 스윙과 경기 시 발생되는 상해를 비롯한 다양한 문제점을 해결하고 최상의 컨디셔닝을 위한 안전하고 과학적인 수동적 스트레칭을 기법을 습득할 수 있도록 프로그램을 제공하는데 있다. [방법] 골프 경기력 향상과 부상 예방을 위한 임상현장에서의 매뉴얼에 대한 수요에 맞춰 운동전문가가 개 인 골퍼들의 문제점을 찾아내고 최상의 컨디셔닝 향상의 목적을 달성할 수 있도록 신체 부위별 수동적 스트레칭 방법을 제안하였다. [결과] 골프스윙을 안전하게 수행하는데 있어 적절한 유연성은 매우 필수적이다. 다시 말해서, 근력과 유연성이 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 골프스윙과 관련된 핵심근육의 효과적인 스트레칭이 이루어질 경우 볼 의 비거리와 정확성은 높아지게 되며, 급격한 근수축 작용에 의한 상해를 예방하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있겠 다. [결론] 이에 골퍼들의 근육의 유연성을 확보하고 상해발생의 위험을 감소시키기 위해 운동전문가의 도움을 통 한 수동적 스트레칭은 골퍼들에게 매우 필요한 트레이닝 방법이라고 생각된다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to provide a program that enables exercise experts to solve various problems including golfers' swing and injury during competition, and to acquire safe and scientific passive stretching techniques for optimal conditioning. [Method] In order to improve golf performance and prevent injuries, we have proposed a passive stretching method for body parts in order to find the problems of individual golfers and to achieve the best conditioning improvement purpose in accordance with the demand for the manual in the clinical field. [Result] Appropriate flexibility is essential to safely perform golf swing. In other words, if an effective stretching of the important muscles associated with the golf swing is made to balance strength and flexibility, the distance and accuracy of the ball will increase, and it may play an important role in preventing injury caused by rapid muscle contraction. [Conclusion] Therefore, the application of passive stretching of the exercise specialist to secure the flexibility of the muscles of the golfers and to reduce the risk of injury is considered to be a very necessary training method for the golfers.

본 연구의 목적은 경부스트레칭프로그램이 스마트폰을 과다 사용으로 발생하는 경부통증, 피로, 관절운동범위 에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 스마트폰을 과다 사용하는 간호대학생 실험군(n=25), 대조군(n=27)을 대상으로 경부스트레칭프로그램 적용 전·후 경부통증, 피로, 관절운동범위의 정도를 측정하였다. 대상자의 일반적인 특성과 경 부통증, 피로, 관절운동범위는 기술통계와 추론통계를 사용하여 분석하였다. 경부통증, 피로, 관절운동범위에 대한 경 부스트레칭프로그램의 효과는 독립 t 검정으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대상자에게 경부스트레칭프로그램 적용 후 경 부통증(t=2.86, p=.006), 피로(t=5.44, p<.001). 굴곡((t=-2.10, p=.041), 신전(t=-2.84, p=.006), 오른쪽 측방굴곡(t=-2.4, p=.047) 왼쪽 측방의 굴곡(t=-2.05, p=0.46)) 및 오른쪽 회전 범위(t=-4.48, p<.001), 왼쪽 회전범위(t=-3.38, p=.001) 가 개선되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 경부스트레칭프로그램이 스마트폰 사용에 따른 근골격계 장애에 건강 문제에 대한 효과적인 중재로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cervical stretching program on neck pain, fatigue and range of motion caused by overuse of smartphone. Methods: We treated stretching program to measure the pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck before and after cervical stretching program for experiment group (n=25), control group(n=27) nursing college students using the smartphone. The general characteristics of the subjects and the range of neck pain, fatigue, and cervical range of motion were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the cervical stretching program for neck pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: After cervical stretching program, the pain of the neck(t=2.86, p=.006), fatigue(t=5.44, p<.001). flexion(t=-2.10, p=.041), extension(t=-2.84, p=.006), right lateral flexion(t=-2.4, p=.047), left lateral flexion(t=-2.05, p=0.46) and right rotation(t=-4.48, p<.001), left rotation(t=-3.38, p=.001) range of rotation were improved. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a cervical stretching program can be used as an effective intervention for health problems in musculoskeletal disorders due to smartphone overuse.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8 week, self-managed, app-based and poster-based stretching program on musculoskeletal symptoms, flexibility, stretching frequency, self-efficacy, social support, and musculoskeletal disorder knowledge in small manufacturing business workers. Methods: This was a cluster randomized, two-group pretest-posttest design. Workers were assigned to either an app-based (n=20) or a posterbased (n=25) stretching intervention. Both groups received an educational class. The app group also received mobile phone text messages and an app with stretching videos, stretching alarms, stretching records, and information on musculoskeletal disorders. The poster group received workplace stretching posters. Data were collected from April to September 2018 and analyzed with the x2 test, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: There was only a significant difference in social support. Significant increase in flexibility and musculoskeletal symptoms were noted for both groups, but social support and musculoskeletal disorder knowledge were significantly changed only in the poster group. More than half of the workers practiced stretching at least 3 times a week. Conclusion: The 8 week, self-managed, workplace stretching program was effective to increase flexibility and stretching frequency to at least 3 times a week. However, effective interventions for musculoskeletal symptoms could not be identified.

This study was carried out to identify how a self-stretching exercise program affects pain for each body area, pain relief and job satisfaction for care workers. 20 of 40 care workers with musculoskeletal symptom were randomly selected and participated a self-stretching exercise program consisting of 15 motions. The intervention was done five times or more per weeks for 8 weeks and 1 session lasted within 15 minutes. 'Musculoskeletal symptom survey table' of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and JDI(Job Descriptive Index) was used for pain on the musculoskeletal symptom and job satisfaction. Survey were done twice before and after the program. The result of this study showed that self-stretching exercise program group(SSPG) relieved from pain significantly in the shoulders(p<.01) and lumbar(p<.05), comparing to the non self-stretching exercise program group(NSPG). Although no significant difference on variations in the JDI appeared in SSPG, the significant reduction appeared from the colleague relationship and organization in NSPG(p<.05). SSPG showed the significant increase on variations in JDI from the job and organization comparing to NSPG. Especially, the improvement on satisfaction for the organization was shown(p<.05). Accordingly, the self-stretching exercise program for care workers can be said to positively affect the overall pain relief and increase on the JDI.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8 week, self-managed, app-based and poster-based stretching program on musculoskeletal symptoms, flexibility, stretching frequency, self-efficacy, social support, and musculoskeletal disorder knowledge in small manufacturing business workers. Methods: This was a cluster randomized, two-group pretest-posttest design. Workers were assigned to either an app-based (n=20) or a poster-based (n=25) stretching intervention. Both groups received an educational class. The app group also received mobile phone text messages and an app with stretching videos, stretching alarms, stretching records, and information on musculoskeletal disorders. The poster group received workplace stretching posters. Data were collected from April to September 2018 and analyzed with the 𝑥² test, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: There was only a significant difference in social support. Significant increase in flexibility and musculoskeletal symptoms were noted for both groups, but social support and musculoskeletal disorder knowledge were significantly changed only in the poster group. More than half of the workers practiced stretching at least 3 times a week. Conclusion: The 8 week, self-managed, workplace stretching program was effective to increase flexibility and stretching frequency to at least 3 times a week. However, effective interventions for musculoskeletal symptoms could not be identified.

본 증례는 약 8 주간의 운동치료와 스트레칭 프로그램의 운용으로 요통의 감소와 함께 요부근력의 상승을 가져왔다. 환자 관리에 유용한 입원 치료를 통하여 타 연구에 비해 뛰어난 요부근력의 향상을 보였는데 이는 일정 기간 내에서 환자 관리에 따라서 요부 근력의 상승정도를 높일 수 있음을 보여준다고 생각된다. 추나치료, 침구치료 등이 미치는 영향에 대해서 일일이 제한을 두지 않았고 이러한 한방치료의 병행 자체가 미치는 영향에 대하여서는 보다 많은 case 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

Objective : We found out improvement at low back pain and lumber strength by isotonic lumbar extension training on lumbar strength and self low back exercise stretching program. Methods : We evaluated the symptom's changes VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and lumbar strength by Medx which could estimate and exercise lumbar muscle. Conclusions: We can decrease low back pain by strengthening lumbar muscle, in additionally when patients are In admission state we may improve lumbar muscle more than Opd. state.

>본 연구는 정신지체 초등부 아동의 특성에 맞게 구성한 스트레칭 운동이 운동기술 관련 체력 요소인 유연성, 평형성에 미치는 영향과 목표 스트레칭 동작에 대한 과제 지속 시간의 변화를 확인하는 것이 목적이다. 연구 대상은 경기도 소재 H 특수학교 초등부 4학년(만 9세-10세)에 재학 중인 정신지체 아동 3명(남 2명, 여 1명)으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 스트레칭 운동 프로그램이 연구 대상자들의 유연성과 평형성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 총 23주(주 3회, 총 65회) 동안 매회 20개의 스트레칭 동작을 시행하였으며, 실험 회기에 따른 과제지속 시간의 변화를 분석하기 위해 중다간헐기초선 설계를 통해 회기별 목표 동작에 대한 수행 지속시간을 측정하였다.이상의 연구방법과 자료의 분석을 통해 연구대상 아동의 개인적인 차이는 있으나 3명 모두 유연성과 평형성이 향상되었으며, 목표 동작으로 선정된 스트레칭 동작에 대해 과제지속 시간이 점증적으로 증가한 것을 확인하였다. <주제어> 스트레칭, 정신지체, 유연성, 평형성, 과제지속시간

The Purpose of this study was to verify the influence of the stretching exercise program on flexibility, balance and time-on-task of students with mental retardation. Participants were two male and one female elementary students(age range from 9 to 10) with mental retardation(MD) who were going to the 'H' special school at Gyeonggi province. We had proceeded the stretching exercise program 65 sessions for 23 weeks(3/week). We employed two experimental designs that were pre-mid-post test design and multiple probe design across subjects. We use Sit and reach and stretching back-forth with feet test to assess flexibility and use standing with one foot and walking to back side test to assess balance. It was concluded that stretching exercise program can be effectively used to improve the flexibility, balance and time-on-task of student with MD.

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of a ten-week stretching exercise program on physiological, psychological functions, and activities of daily living(ADL) among elderly women. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, the experimental group received a ten-week stretching exercise program 3 times a week from March to May in 2002. They were divided into 22 persons in the experimental groups in 2 halls where the program was incorporated, and 22 persons in the control group in 2 halls, where the program wasnot incorporated. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Fisher's Exact test, and ANCOVA was considered significant as a 2-tailed test. Results: There was a significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure(P=0.023), total cholesterol (P=0.019), triglycerides (P=0.002), spine ROM(P=0.000), trunk and hip-joint ROM(P=0.000), percent of body fat(P=0.039) as physiological functions, depression(P=0.041) as a psychological function, and activities of daily living(P=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: A stretching exercise program showed good effects on improving physiological functions, psychological functions and activities of daily living among the elderly women in a city. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program for the elderly in the community.

》본 연구는 스트레칭 훈련 프로그램이 정신지체 학생의 체력 향상에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한 것 으로 연구의 대상은 전남 H 특수학교 중학부 2학년에 재학중인 정신지체 학생 3명이었다. 연구 대상간 중다기초선 설계를 이용하여 근지구력, 순발력, 유연성의 변화를 알아 본 결과 첫째, 스트레칭 훈련 프로그램은 정신지체 학생의 턱걸이와 윗몸 일으키기의 기록을 증가시켜 근지구력의 향상에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 스트레칭 훈련 프로그램은 정신지체 학생의 제자리 높이뛰기와 제자리 넓이뛰기의 기록을 증가시켜 순발력 향상에 효과적이었다. 셋째, 스트레칭 훈련 프로그램은 정신지체 학생의 윗몸 굽히기 기록의 증가를 가져와 유연성 향상에 효과적이었다. 후속 연구에서는 연구 대상의 범위를 확대하고, 근지구력과 순발력, 유연성 이외에 체력의 전 요소로 범위를 확대시켜 연구할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a stretching training program on the physical fitness improvement of students with mental retardation. The three subjects with mental retardation were from a special middle school of Jellanamdo, whose IQs range from standard deviation of -3 to -2, and below -1 in their social quotient. Multiple-basline design across subjects were used to see changes in their muscular endurance, muscle power and flexibility through the stretching training.The conclusions drawn from this study were as follows :First, the stretching training program was effective to improve the muscular endurance, of students with mental retarded. The stretching training program improved their score of the chinning and the sit-up test.Second, the stretching training program was effective to improve the muscle power, of students with mental retarded. The stretching training program improved their score of the standing long jump and sargent jump.Third, the stretching training program was effective to improve the flexibility, of students with mental retarded. The stretching training program improved their score of the trunk flexion. In order to apply this program in the further-studies and more wider educational fields, some recommendation are suggested.First, studies in the future should cover more testes in larger physical fitness areas.Second, future studies should investigate more elements of physical strength of the children with mental retardation.Third, rather than stretching, other programs to improve disabled children's physical strength should be developed and the national government is required to support financially and administratively.