Earticle

언어자료언어학은 새롭게 뜨고 있는 학문이다. 또한 새롭게 뜨고 있는 연구수단과 연구방법이기도 한다. 이 논문은 언어자료언어학의 붐과 발전 후, CNKI(National KnowledgeInfrastructure)데이터를 기반으로 하여, 정기간행논문, 박사학위논문, 석사학위논문 세 가지의 각도에서 학문 분포, 저자 분포, 정기간행물 분포, 학위수여기관 분포, 연도 분포 다섯 가지의 관점으로 언어 연구에서의 중국 언어자료언어학의 응용 상황을 통계 분석하였다. 데이터를근거로 중국 언어자료언어학연구의 핵심, 내용 등의 분포와 특징을 분석 설명하였다.

The Corpus Linguistics is a new and developing subject, which is anemerging research tool and research technique. After summarizing thedevelopment of Corpus Linguistics, from the discipline distribution, authordistribution, periodical distribution, institute distribution and the yeardistribution, this paper statistics and analyzes the application of CorpusLinguistics on language research based on CNKI. According to the data, weanalyze and explain the distribution and characteristics of the research focusand content of Corpus Linguistics in China.

The demand of cyclotron for PET (positron emission tomography) has rapidly grown as the more use of PET or PET-CT equipment requires the increased amount of radioactive isotopes for clinical positron emission. While research on failure statistics of medical equipment used in medical centers has continued to be done, the analysis and study on failure statistics of cyclotron have rarely been conducted. However, the growing demand shows the urgency of systematical management guideline and countermeasures for device failure to minimize any supply delay of radiopharmaceuticals occurred by such failure and complains from waiting patients for PET-CT diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the failure report from Minitrace equipped in cyclotron which is owned by the department of nuclear medicine at Yeungnam University Medical Center and draws on the data to build effective management system for cyclotron.

As long as the effective contributions of satellite images in the continuous monitoring of the wide area and long range of time period, Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ satellite images are surveyed. After quantization and classification of the deviations between TM and ETM+ images based on approved thresholds such as gains and biases or offsets, a correlation analysis method for the compared calibration is suggested in this paper. Four time points of raster data for 15 years of the highest group of land surface temperature and the lowest group of vegetation of the Kunsan city Chollabuk_do Korea located beneath the Yellow sea coast, are observed and analyzed their correlations for the change detection of urban land cover. This experiment based on proposed algorithm detected strong and proportional correlation relationship between the highest group of land surface temperature and the lowest group of vegetation index which exceeded R=(+)0.9478, so the proposed Correlation Analysis Model between the highest group of land surface temperature and the lowest group of vegetation index will be able to give proof an effective suitability to the land cover change detection and monitoring.

Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common condition among logistics workers (LWs) that can significantly impact workplace productivity. Accurate classification of CAI using the Y-Balance Test (YBT) is crucial for effective management and timely return to work. Purpose To compare the effectiveness of K-means clustering and Youden’s J statistic in determining YBT cut-off values for classifying CAI in LWs with a history of ankle sprains. Study design Retrospective cohort study Methods Data from 121 LWs with a history of ankle sprains were analyzed. YBT measures included anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial reach distances, and composite scores. Cut-off values were determined using Youden’s J statistic and two K-means clustering approaches (Mean and Top 2). Performance metrics including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios were calculated for each method. Results The YBT posteromedial direction distance, using Youden’s method, demonstrated the highest discriminative ability for CAI classification (AUC: 0.62, OR: 5.41, 95% CI: 2.09?14.04). The K-means Top 2 method consistently provided higher cut-offs with improved specificity across all YBT measures, notably achieving 87% specificity for the YBT composite score (cut-off: 96.98%). Conclusions While both methods effectively identify CAI risk, the K-means clustering approach, particularly the Top 2 method, offers higher cut-offs with improved specificity. This suggests potential benefits in occupational health settings where stringent screening criteria are necessary for early identification and management of CAI risk in LWs.

In the present study, we explored whether there are items that function differently across women and men on Tellegen’s Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire(MPQ; Tellegen, 1982; Tellegen & Waller, In Press) by using Mantel-Haenszel(MH) statistic. For the purpose of the study, we applied MHITER program to a sample of responses to the 300-item MPQ personality test. The subjects were 300 individuals(137 men and 163 women, with a mean age of 39.72). The findings of the present study are as following. Firstly, some of the MPQ scales showed significant mean differences across gender; these were Social Potency, Social Closeness, Stress Reaction, Aggression, Harm Avoidance, and Absorption scales. Secondly, six MPQ scales showed more than three items functioning differently. Among others, the Traditionalism scale had the most DIF items, which is followed by Stress Reaction, Aggression, Social Potency, Achievement, and Harm Avoidance. In conclusion, there was a non-negligible number of DIF items across gender in MPQ scales, implying that there may be many DIF items in other personality tests that are currently used. The fact that men and women differently responded to some items reflect a socio-cultural impact in their perspectives on the personality items/tests.

The protein has become a major subject of research in the field of life sciences. However, it has recently leaped over the boundaries of structure biology and has become the topic of interest in many other fields including that of physics. Because the behavior of protein is affected tremendously by its surroundings, the approach in physics requires various calculations and predictions. In this paper, we have developed a lattice model to ease this problem and tried to analyze the protein thermodynamically using this model together with principles in statistical physics. The lattice model could successfully be applied to understand the major phenomena of protein which included the folding and unfolding process.

수문시계열 분석과 예측을 위하여 통상적으로 기존의 선형적인 모형들을 이용하여 왔다. 그러나 최근 자연현상이나 수문시계열의 패턴 그리고 변동성에 비선형구조가 존재하고 있다는 것이 입증되고 있다. 따라서 기존의 선형적인 방법들에 의한 시계열분석이나 예측은 비선형 시스템에 대해서 적절하지 않을 것이다. 최근, 시계열의 비선형성 구조를 판단하기 위해 카오스 이론을 토대로 한 상관적분으로부터 BDS(Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman) 통계 기법이 유도되었다. BDS 통계는 시스템의 비선형구조와 무작위성 구조를 구별하는데 매우 효과적으로 이용되어 오고 있다. 또한 DVS(Deterministic Versus Stochastic) 알고리즘은 카오스와 추계학적 시스템을 구별하고 예측하는데 주로 이용되어 왔다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 DVS 알고리즘에 의해 시계열의 비선형성을 판별할 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추계학적 시계열과 수문학적 시계열들의 비선형성을 검사하고자 한다. ARMA 모형과 TAR(Threshold autoregressive) 모형으로부터로 발생시킨 추계학적 시계열, 미국 유타주 GSL 체적자료, 미국 플로리다 주 St. Johns 강 Cocoa 지점의 유출량 자료, 소양강 댐 일 유입량 자료 등의 수문시계열에 대해 비선형성 분석을 수행하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 분석결과 BDS 통계가 선형 및 비선형 시계열을 구분하는데 매우 강력한 도구임을 보였고, DVS 알고리즘 또한 시계열의 비선형성을 구별하는데 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 보였다.

Classical linear models have been generally used to analyze and forecast hydrologic time series. However, there is growing evidence of nonlinear structure in natural phenomena and hydrologic time series associated with their patterns and fluctuations. Therefore, the classical linear techniques for time series analysis and forecasting may not be appropriate for nonlinear processes. In recent, the BDS (Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman) statistic instead of conventional techniques has been used for detecting nonlinearity of time series. The BDS statistic was derived from the statistical properties of the correlation integral which is used to analyze chaotic system and has been effectively used for distinguishing nonlinear structure in dynamic system from random structures. DVS (Deterministic Versus Stochastic) algorithm has been used for detecting chaos and stochastic systems and for forecasting of chaotic system. This study showed the DVS algorithm can be also used for detecting nonlinearity of the time series. In this study, the stochastic and hydrologic time series are analyzed to detect their nonlinearity. The linear and nonlinear stochastic time series generated from ARMA and TAR (Threshold Auto Regressive) models, a daily streamflow at St. Johns river near Cocoa, Florida, USA and Great Salt Lake Volume (GSL) data, Utah, USA are analyzed, daily inflow series of Soyang dam and the results are compared. The results showed the BDS statistic is a powerful tool for distinguishing between linearity and nonlinearity of the time series and DVS plot can be also effectively used for distinguishing the nonlinearity of the time series.

This study investigates the statistical identity of 3D toolmarks using two types of screwdrivers. Toolmarks were created on dental wax, captured using 2D and 3D microscopes, and analyzed with MATLAB to calculate cross-correlation coefficients and likelihood ratios. Results show that same-tool toolmarks exhibit cross-correlation coefficients centered around 0.9, while different-tool toolmarks center around 0.4. Both 2D and 3D analyses followed a Weibull distribution, confirmed by goodness-of-fit tests. Likelihood ratio calculations demonstrated distinct separation between same-tool and different-tool marks, with 3D analysis showing slightly overlapping ranges due to tool shape-induced depth variations. The study confirms the efficacy of 3D microscopy for toolmark identification, with potential for enhanced 3D analysis through refined techniques and broader data accumulation.

연구목적: 본 연구는 긴장방식을 복합적으로 적용한 세그멘탈 PSC U형 거더에 대한 해석적 거동을 기 반으로 실대형 실험체의 휨 거동 결과를 평가하여 거동의 안전성을 검증하고자 한다. 연구방법: 도로교 설계기준 한계상태설계법의 사용한계 및 극한한계상태 설계 결과를 바탕으로 40m 실대형 실험체의 가 력하중을 산정하고 이에 대한 4점재하방식 정적 하중재하 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과: 설계하중, 균 열하중 및 극한하중이 작용할 때 해석적 처짐값 대비 97.1%, 98.5% 그리고 79.0%에 해당하는 실험체 처 짐이 발생하였다. 설계하중, 균열하중 및 극한하중이 작용할 때 균열계는 각 연결부에서 0.009~0.035mm, 0.014~0.050mm, 6.383~5.522mm로 계측되었다. 결론: 균열하중 재하시까지 실험체는 탄성적으로 거 동하였고 균열발생 후 극한하중까지 변형율-경화현상을 보이며 작용하중에 대하여 휨 저항 거동이 뚜 렷이 나타났음을 확인하였다. 실대형 실험체 연결부(Dry Joint) 균열은 시설물 상태평가 B등급 기준 25% 미만의 결과로써 연결부의 탄성적 거동을 확인하였고 극한하중 제거 후 최종적 잔류 변형은 0.114mm로써 세그먼트 연결부의 안정적 거동을 확인하였다.

Purpose: This study verified the safety of the improved box-type girder behavior by comparing and evaluating the bending behavior results of a full-scale specimen based on the analytical behavior of the splice element PSC U-shaped girder with integrated tensioning systems. Method: Based on the results of the service and strength limit state design using the bridge design standard(limit state design method), the applied load of a 40m full-scale specimen was calculated and a static loading experiment using the four-point loading method was performed. Result: When the design load, crack load, and ultimate load were applied, the specimen deflection occurred at 97.1%, 98.5%, and 79.0% of the analytical deflection value. When the design load, crack load, and ultimate load were applied, the crack gauge was measured at 0.009~0.035mm, 0.014~0.050mm, and 6.383~5.522mm at each connection. Conclusion: The specimen behaved linear-elastically until the crack load was applied, and after cracks occurred, it showed strainhardening up to the ultimate load, and it was confirmed that the resistance of bending behavior was clearly displayed against the applied load. The cracks in the dry joints were less than 25% of grade B based on the evaluation of facility condition standard. The final residual deformation after removing the ultimate load was 0.114mm, confirming the stable behavior of the segment connection.

화학사고에 대한 경각심이 지속적으로 높아지고 있는 동향 속에서 매년 꾸준히 발생하고 있는 유해화학물질 운송차량 사고의 추세 및 특성을 조사하고 향후 운송차량에 의한 사고 예방‧대응분야에서의 개선방향을 연구하였다. 2014년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 발생한 총 383건의 화학사고를 분석한 결과 운송차량 사고는 83건으로 전체 화학사고의 21.67%를 차지했다. 현행제도에서는 사업장과 다르게 위험물을 직접적으로 취급함에도 불구하고 피해예측에 대한 규제에서 벗어나 있으며 실제 사고 시 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 피해예측에 대한 정보가 있어야하고 각 관계부처와 이를 공유하는 것이 필요하다. 그리고 유해화학물질을 포함하는 위험물의 통합적인 컨트롤타워를 통한 운송차량 실시간 모니터링이 이뤄지는 방향으로 발전되어야 한다.

In the trend of increasing awareness of chemical accidents, hazardous chemical transport vehicle accidents are occurring every year. In this study, we analyzed improvement of accident prevention and countermeasures through statistical analysis of hazardous chemical transport vehicle accidents. A total of 383 chemical accidents between January 2014 and December 2017 were analyzed. During this period, number of transportation accidents was 83 cases, accounting for 21.67% of total chemical accidents. In the current system, despite the direct handling of hazardous chemical, it is out of regulation of damage prediction unlike the workplace. In order to effectively respond to actual accident, information on damage prediction is required and should be shared with related ministry. And it should be developed to real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical transport vehicle through integrated control tower.

국내 신재생에너지 보급계획 확대로 기존 전력시스템과 다른 형태의 전력 수급이 진행될 것으로 평가되고 있다. 특히 태양광에너지는 배전계통을 중심으로 전 지역에 공급될 예정이며, 이에 대한 전국적인 송전망 보강이 요구될 것으로 전망된다. 태양광 발전 시스템은 일사량에 비례하여 출력이 증가하기 때문에, 해당 데이터에 근거하 여 전력 출력 예상량을 도출할 수 있으며, 이를 중심으로 송전망 보강을 진행할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문 에서는, 국내 주요 지역의 일사량 데이터를 가공하여, 전국 규모의 출력량을 2030년 기준으로 예측하여, 전력수급 계획에서 도출되는 전력 공급 시나리오를 마련하고자 한다. 이를 중심으로, 신재생에너지 확대 시 예상되는 보강 조치를 도출하는데 기여하고자 한다.

It is estimated that a power system operation which is different from the existing power grid would be required with the expansion of domestic renewable energy. In particular, solar energy extraction will be progressed in most of distribution network, and to do this, a nationwide reinforcement is expected to be required. Since an output of photovoltaic generation system increases in proportion to the amount of irradiation, it is possible to derive a prediction of output power based on a measured historical data. In this paper, we intend to prepare a power supply scenario, which is based on an electricity supply and demand plan of 2013 in Korea, by processing the irradiation data about major domestic regions. Based on this, we would like to contribute to deriving a reinforcement requirement according to the scenario regarding renewable energy expansion.

산사태 발생을 예측하기 위해서 지형, 지질, 강우자료를 이용하여 GIS기법을 이용하거나, 회귀분석을 이용한 기법들이 연구되어져 왔다. 동아시아 몬순기후대에 속한 우리나라는 태풍이나 집중호우의 영향으로 산지토사재해가 빈발하고 있으며, 토석류를 포함한 산사태 재해의 발생을 예측하여 적극적으로 대비하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 산사태 발생시키는 강우의 임계치에 대한 검토를 하였다. 이를 위해 산사태를 발생시킨 18개의 강우사상과 발생시키지 않은 17개의 강우사상에 대한 강우자료 값을 이용하였다. 그리고 산사태 발생에 대한 예측을 위해 선행강우의 누적강우량과 현재 강우의 강우강도를 이용한 판별분석기법을 제안하였다. 총 38개 강우에 대한 판별분석 결과 97.1%의 판별율을 보였으며, 판별식의 검증을 위해 제천지역의 산사태 발생/미발생 강우에 대한 판별분석 결과 실제 발생 여부를 정확하게 예측함을 볼 때, 제안된 판별분석 기법은 우리나라에서의 산사태 발생의 예측기법으로서 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

Climatic factors are an important subject for a better understanding of hydrological response of landslide activity and are essential for developing warning system. In this paper, we proposed a method that incorporates antecedent rainfall accumulation and rainfall intensity to develop a landslide initiation threshold for the Korea. Hydroclimatic data were hathered for 18 rainfalls that triggered landslide and 17 storms that did not. Discriminant analysis is a technique for classifying a set of observations into predefined classes. Discriminant functions were developed for the landslide triggering and non landslide triggering storms with the antecedent rainfall accumulation variables and rainfall intensity variables. Discriminant function analysis classified the landslide triggering rainfall from those storms did not trigger landslide and classification results of 97.1% for the 38 cases were obtained with a satisfactory success rate. For the validation of suggested discriminant function, a heavy rainfall affected the Jecheon-si on July 14, 2009 occuring landslide and a large storm 'USAGI' on August 5, 2007 did not document landslide-triggering were applied to the discriminant function, and the calculated discriminant score shows good matching for the landslide occurring. These results show the possibility of prediction tool for the landslide occurring.

The aim of this work was the classification of fresh lubricants for forensic science field. The seventy five kinds of lubricants were analyzed three times by GC/MS. And each lubricant (class) had three TIC data. Lubricant database were made with the two TIC data (samples)of all of lubricants. The rest of TIC data were sample (test). The HQI statistical technique was used for classification. The HQI values of samples were calculated from DB. For lubricant classification, when the criterion of identification was 0.95 of HQI value, the rate of matching was 91 %. And when the criterion of identification was 0.90 of HQI value, the rate of matching was 96 %.

The Secrete History of Mongols (SHM) is a special Mongolian historical document transliterated with Chinese characters as phonetic symbols, which features caused many interested researches in later ages. The discussion of this paper is mostly about the used Chinese characters, the frequencies, and the rules of transliteration on SHM. All the statistic data and the analysis is based on the electronic text of SHM, which supports providing those important data in an all‐round way, including the whole transliterated Chinese characters, aligned Chinese glosses by the side of characters, and translated original Chinese paragraphs. Furthermore, four types of Chinese characters as phonetic symbols and their information have been discussed, which are type C, xC, Cy, and xCy as in original forms: 安, 中豁, 阿勒, and 舌魯黑. Shortly, this statistics is so far a most completed inspection on the text of the Secrete History of Mongols.

북한의 핵문제는 한반도 평화 프로세스 및 동북아시아 발전의 걸림돌로 작용 하고 있다. 수많은 나라의 학술계가 이 문제에 대해 큰 관심을 가지고 연구해 왔고, 중국은 그 수많은 나라 중 하나이다. “북핵문제”의 발전 과정속에 많은 이슈를 불러 낳았다, 6자회담, 여러차례의 핵실험, 안보리 제재, 김정은의 핵실 험 가속화, 2017년 수소폭탄 실험 및 ICBM 등등이다. 다행히 한국 문재인 정 부의 노력으로 2018년 “평창올림픽”을 전환점으로 현재는 핵포기 협상 프로세 스가 진행중에 있다. 중국의 학술계는 1993년부터 북핵문제에 대한 논문을 등 재하기 시작했고, 그 이후에도 많은 논문들이 쏟아져 나왔다. 지금까지 등재된 1962편 논문은 각각 연구포커스가 다르고, 시기마다 다양한 연구특징을 가지고 있다. 기존연구 중 중국 논문은 북핵문제의 연구특징에 대한 연구가 부족하여, 본 논문은 CiteSpace 소프트웨어를 통해 중국 논문은 북핵문제에 대해 어떻게 분석했는가, 어떤 발전과정을 겪었는가, 그리고 어떤 특징이 나타난 것인가에 대해 문제의식을 가지고 이들의 저자, 연구기관, 논문 키워드 등 핵심요소를 통 계분석하여 결과를 도출하였다.

The North Korean nuclear issue is a stumbling block to the peace process on the Korean Peninsula and the development of Northeast Asia. The North Korean nuclear issue has gone through series of ups and downs, including the six-party talks, several nuclear tests, the accelerated pace of nuclear tests by Kim, Jongun, a hydrogen bomb test, the launch of ICBM in 2017, and finally the “Pyeongchang Olympics” as the starting point for negotiations which aimed at denuclearization. The Chinese Academic Circle (CAC) has been paying attention to the North Korean nuclear issue since the beginning, and various research results were published. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the North Korean nuclear issue in CAC. Current literature gave enormous contribution to future research, however lack of statistics analysis. This paper, by using CiteSpace software to extract the CAC’s North Korean nuclear issue related literature, and through the deep mining the main factors of their scientific research institutions, authors, keywords, solves how CAC studied the Korean peninsula nuclear issue, what kind of development process they experienced, and what kind of characteristics they have. This paper finds that the academic circle in China has several core authors and core scientific research institutions in certain periods of the North Koran nuclear issue. And these researches can be divided into four different periods, and each period’s academic achievements have their own characteristics.

北韩核问题是影响韩半岛和平进程和东北亚发展的绊脚石, 一直以来受到包 括中国学界在内国际社会的广泛关注。北韩核问题的发展历程跌宕起伏, 经历 了六方会谈、数次核试验, 以及后来的金正恩加速核试验的步伐, 并在2017年 试爆氢弹和发射洲际导弹, 到最后以 “平昌奥运会”为起点进入以弃核为最终目 标的谈判过程。中国学界也保持着对北韩核问题的关注, 各种研究成果也在不 同时期各有特点, 分析中国学界对北核问题的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实 指导意义。本文在肯定现存文献的巨大贡献和当中不足后, 运用CiteSpace 软件 来提取了中国知网有关北韩核问题的相关文献, 并通过深度挖掘相关科研机构、 主要作者和关键词等要素, 解决了中国学术界是如何围绕北韩核问题来展开研 究的, 经历了什么样的发展过程, 并在发展过程中出现了什么样的特点等问 题。本文通过研究, 发现中国的学界在不同的发展时期都有核心作者和核心科 研机构围绕北核问题进行了持续的关注; 同时这些研究可以分为准备-早期-加 速-谈判等四个阶段, 每个阶段的学术成果反映了不同时期的客观时事背景, 同 时具有各自的研究特点。

To prodcue ethanol from concentrated sweet sorghum juice for bio-ethanol production, the effect of fermentation medium was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). A 23 factorial central composite design (CCD) was chosen to explain the combined effects of the medium constituents, viz. nitrogen (adjusted by adding (NH4)2SO4),phosphorus (adjusted by adding KH2PO4), and sugar concentration.Optimum sugar condition was 29.28 BX°. Additional supplement of nitrogen and phosphorus source was not required. The model predicted that maximum ethanol production rate under the above optimum conditions was 2.2 g/lh.

Hagerty and Draper [3] presented a theoretical result that explains the probabilistic back- ground of the NIST's entropy test at the random bit generation workshop in 2012. They introduced the notion of an entropic statistic and desired to bound the entropy rate of an unknown output distribution of a given entropy source. However there has been no detailed derivation process about the upper bound, while the theoretical steps of obtaining the lower bound are well described. In this paper we give an elaborate mathematical analysis to obtain the upper bound for the collision statistic. We also present an extended simulation results to investigate practical usefulness of the entropy bounds.

In most previously reported studies on pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition, independent additive noises have been assumed in various noise environments. The use of an independent observation model may cause considerable performance degradation in modern high data-rate communication systems. In these studies, only additive noise model is considered. In this paper, a new detector for PN code acquisition in multiplicative and weakly dependent non-Gaussian noises is proposed. Modeling the acquisition problem as a hypothesis testing problem, the test statistical is derived for multiplicative and weakly dependent non-Gaussian noises, based on the locally optimum detection technique. Numerical results show that the proposed detector can offer substantial performance improvement over the conventional schemes in multiplicative and weakly dependent non-Gaussian noises.