Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 뇌파 훈련이 중학생의 집중력과 수면 양상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 실험의 대상자는 중학생 58명(실험군 29명, 대조군 29명)이며 뇌파 훈련을 주 3회 실시하였다. 기간은 2023년 7월부터 2023년 12월까지이며, 뇌파 훈련 전후 집중력과 수면 양상의 차이를 보기 위해 뇌파 측정과 설문지를 진행하였다. 뇌파 측정은 한국뇌과학연구소에서 개발한 뇌파측정기(Neurobrain)를 통해 실시하였고, 뇌파 분석은 뇌기능분석 프로그램(BFM)을 사용하였으며, 수면 양상 설문지를 통해 훈련 전과 후를 비교하였다. 사후 측정 후 공분산분석 을 한 결과 집중력(F=12.088, p=.001), 수면 양상(F=8.287, p=.006)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이 결과는 뇌파 훈련이 중학생들의 집중력과 수면의 질을 높여 학습 능력을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brainwave training on concentration and sleep pattern of middle school students. The subjects of the experiment were 58 middle school students (29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group), and brain wave training was performed three times a week. The period is from July 2023 to December 2023, and EEG measurements and questionnaires were conducted to see the difference in concentration and sleep pattern before and after EEG training. EEG measurement was conducted using an EEG measuring device (Neurobrain) developed by the Korea Neuroscience Research Institute. EEG analysis was performed using the Brain Function Analysis Program (BFM), and comparison was made before and after training through a sleep pattern questionnaire. Analysis of covariance after post-measurement showed significant differences in concentration(F=12.088, p=.001) and sleep pattern(F=8.287, p=.006). Positive changes in concentration and sleep patterns suggest that brain wave training can improve middle school students' learning ability by increasing their sense of immersion and sleep quality.

본 연구는 대학생들의 피톤치드 아로마 흡입과 운동의 복합 처치가 그들의 대학생활스트레스, 기분상태 및 수면에 미치는 영향을 12주 장기간 실험을 통하여 규명하고자 하였다. 피톤치드 아로마 흡입과 운동의 복합 처치의 효과를 탐색하고자 피톤치드 아로마 흡입군(18명), 운동군(17명), 피톤치드 아로마 흡입군+운동군(17명), 대조군(20명) 의 4집단 총 72명을 대상으로 하였으며, 사전측정(0week), 중간측정(6week), 사후측정(12week)으로 구성되는 4×3 반 복측정에 의한 요인설계(4×3 factorial design with repeated measure)로 설계하여 대학생의 대학생활 스트레스 지수, 기분상태의 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 통제집단을 제외한 모든 집단에서 기분상태, 수면, 대학생활스트레스의 점수 가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 특히 피톤치드 아로마 흡입과 운동만을 실시한 집단보다 피톤치드 아로마 흡입과 더불 어 운동을 병행한 집단이 더 유익한 효과를 나타냈다는 점에서 매우 의미 있는 연구라고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of phytoncide Aroma inhalation and exercise combination therapy on the college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern of the university students. Participants were 72 college students of four groups of Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation group(n=18), Exercise group(n=17), Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation and exercise combination therapy group(n=17), control group(n=20). Research subjects pre-test(0week), mid-test(6week), post-test(12week) measurement was made equally on college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern. As a result, mood status, college life satisfaction and sleep scores were improved in all groups except the control group. Especially, phytoncide inhalation and exercise combination therapy group showed the greatest change in scores.

Purpose: This is a descriptive study conducted in order to survey sleep patterns and factors responsible for sleep disturbance among adolescent cancer patients after hospital admission. Methods: The study group included 46 adolescent cancer patients aged 10 to 19 who received admission care in multi-bed hospital rooms from March to June 2016. Data on patterns and quality of sleep, and factors causing sleep disturbance were recorded using the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a sleep disturbance questionnaire. Results: There was no difference in patterns and quality of sleep prior to and after hospital admission in the study group. However, patients experienced sleep disturbance, as defined by PSQI > 5, both before (5.43) and after (6.30) admission. The most important physical, emotional and environmental factors causing sleep disturbance after admission were nocturnal diuresis, monotony of admission care, and crying of younger patients respectively. Conclusion: This study focused on sleep patterns and factors causing sleep disturbance after hospital admission for adolescent cancer patients. Future studies should aim to develop nursing interventions resulting in an environment that improves sleep quality. Additional studies should focus on developing daytime programs to determine the impact of admission care on other quality of life parameters.

Purpose: The study compared rest-activity rhythm and sleep pattern of elderly with young group. Methods: The subjects were 22 over than 65 years old and 23 under 65 years old. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for this study. The data were analyzed with χ^2, Lamda test, t-test and correlation with SPSS 15.0 program. Results: Elderly had lower curve than young group in rest-activity rhythm on each time zone. Specially elderly group had lower rest-activity rhythm curve of 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 time zone than those of young group. Sleep pattern had statistical difference in the total sleep time, PSQI and insomnia. Total sleep time of elderly had lower score and PSQI and Insomnia had higher score than young group. Age had correlation with rest-activity rhythm, sleep efficiency, PSQI and insomnia. Conclusion:Rest-activity rhythm of elderly showed an increase in activity in the early morning because of earlier get up then young group and an decrease in activity in the afternoon because of having a nap at this time. Elderly sleep was that total sleep time increased but sleep efficiency decreased and insomnia intensified more. this sleep pattern related to age and rest-activity rhythm.

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of Aroma inhalation on stress, anxiety and sleep pattern, and sleep satisfaction in patients with hemodialysis. Methods: This study was done with non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design. The subjects were 50 patients who received hemodialysis in two hospitals located at C medical center in Seoul. The 25 patients who received the Aroma inhalation were assigned to experimental group and the 25 patients who did not received the Aroma inhalation were to control group. For one week, experimental group received Aroma inhalation intervention using essential oils of Lavender, Sweet Orange at 10AM, 4PM, and before bed. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 11.0 program for windows package, using frequency, percentages(%), Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and paired t-test. Results: Hypothesis 1 was supported; experimental group showed lower physical and psychological stress scores than control group(p=.000). Hypothesis 2 was supported; experimental group showed lower anxiety scores than control group(p=.000). Hypothesis 3 was supported ; experimental group had lower sleep pattern scores(p=.004), and higher sleep satisfaction score(p=.000) than control group. Conclusion: This study suggests that Aroma Inhalation would be applied as a method of nursing intervention for improvement of quality of life for patients with hemodialysis by reducing their stress, anxiety, and increasing their sleep pattern and sleep satisfaction. Accordingly, Aroma therapy is expected to be comprehensively adopted for patients with hemodialysis.

목적 : 고유감각을 기초로 한 감각식이가 유아의 수면패턴에 미치는 영향과 효과의 지속 여부를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 단일사례 연구로서 2주간 14회기의 고유감각을 기초로 한 감각식이를 실시하고, 아동이 잠들기까지 소요 되는 시간, 수면시간, 취침시각, 잠들기까지 하는 행동의 정도를 통해 수면 패턴의 변화를 평가하였다. 관찰기록은 사전에 연구자로 부터 교육을 받은 주양육자인 어머니가 실시하였다. 결과 : 고유감각을 기초로 한 감각식이의 적용 후 아동은 잠들기까지 소요되는 시간, 수면시간, 취침시각, 잠들기까지 의 행동의 정도에 변화를 보였으며, 추적조사에서 잠들기 까지 걸리는 시간은 일정기간 유지되었다. 결론 : 고유감각을 기초로 한 감각식이가 유아의 수면 패턴의 안정과 관계가 있으며, 감각식이 활동의 효과는 수면 패턴 의 유지에 지속적인 영향을 주었다. 앞으로 일반화를 위해 많은 수의 유아를 대상으로 한 대조군 연구가 필요하다.

Objective : The aim of the present single subject research was to identify the effect of sensory diet based on proprioception on toddler's sleep pattern and the continuance of the effect. Methods : The sensory diet based on proprioception consisted of 14 session was provided to a 13 months old girl for 2 weeks. The time taken to fall asleep, amount of sleep, bed time and severity of behavior before sleep were recorded by her mother who was taken the education about observation. Results : After the sensory diet, the child present change of time taken to fall asleep, amount of sleep, bed time and severity of behavior before sleep, and the effect on time taken to fall asleep, continued temporally. Conclusion : The sensory diet based on proprioception was related to stabilize the sleep pattern of a toddler, and the effect of the sensory diet continued temporally after the sensory diet. For future research, more subjects and methodical measure are need to generalize the result of sensory diet based on proprioception affecting to toddler's sleep pattern.

본 연구는 수면패턴이 노인의 규칙적 운동 수행에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 수면패턴과 규칙적 운동의 관계에 서 주관적 건강상태가 매개효과를 가지는지 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구의 목적을 위해 통계청의 2020년 사회조사에 응답한 65세 이상 노인을 분석대상으로 하였다. 총 4,567명의 노인을 대상으로 다중회귀분석을 실시하였 으며, 매개효과의 유의미성은 Sobel test를 통해 검증하였다. 분석결과 노인의 수면패턴은 규칙적 운동수행에 유의미 한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 적정수면을 하는 경우 규칙적 운동을 수행할 가능성이 높아지는 것으로 나타 나 수면패턴이 노인의 규칙적 운동수행에 직접적인 영향을 미침이 확인되었다. 또한 수면패턴은 노인의 주관적 건강 상태에 유의미한 영향을 미쳐 적정수면을 할 경우 자신의 주관적 건강상태에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하는 것으로 나타 났다. 매개효과에 있어서는 주관적 건강상태가 노인의 수면패턴과 규칙적 운동과의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 노인의 건강관리를 위한 규칙적 운동 수행을 위한 개입에 있어 노인의 수면패턴 이 고려되어야 함을 보여준다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sleep pattern on regular exercise and to examine mediating effect of subjective health status in the relationship between sleep pattern and regular exercise of older people. For the purpose of the study, older people aged over 65 years old who participated in 2020 Social Survey conducted by Statistics Korea were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses were used and significance of mediating effect was examined using Sobel test for 4,567 older people. Results of the analyses showed that sleep pattern had a significant effect on regular exercise of older people. That is, having an appropriate sleep increased the possibility of doing regular exercise, so the direct effect of sleep pattern on regular exercise was found. Sleep pattern had a significant effect on subjective health status, so older people having an appropriate sleep perceive their subjective health status more positively. As for the mediating effect, subjective health status had partial mediating effects in the relationship between sleep pattern and regular exercise of older people. Results of this study show that sleep pattern of older people should be considered in intervention for improving practicing regular exercise.

최근 인구의 고령화 현상으로 노인환자의 비율이 증가하고 있는데, 병원이나 시설기관의 입소와 같은 환경 변화는 노인의 수면을 방해하는 요인이 되고 있다. 역시 입원환자들이 신체적, 사회적, 정신적 문제 등을 지니고 있다면 수면장애는 더 심화될 가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 입원환자들을 성인과 노인 집단으로 분류하여 입원이라는 환경 변화에서 경험하는 수면양상을 비교한 것이었는데, 두 집단 모두 수면양상의 변화와 휴식 부족을 유사하게 호소하고 있었다. 또 수면을 방해하는 요인은 환자의 신체적이나 정신적 요소보다도 병실내의 소음, 낯선 환경, 의료행위, 불빛과 같은 환경 요소가 더 심한 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과는 간호사들이 입원환자에 대한 수면사정 및 수면향상을 위한 간호 중재를 할 때 환자의 수면을 방해하는 일이 없도록 주의를 촉구해야 한다는 것을 시사해주고 있다.

The numbers of the elderly people and patients have recently been increasing due to increase of the life expectancy. At the same time, the rate of the elderly patients who have been in hospital is increasing. Most patients in hospital may experience sleep disturbances due to the different environmental factors as well as their physical and emotional problems. Pattern of the sleep disturbances for the adult and elderly patients were compared, but there found no specific differences between two groups. Nevertheless, most patients complained a variety of environmental factors that might disturb their sleep while they were in hospital. The findings were discussed in the context of nursing interventions which improve the quality of sleep for the patients in hospital.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effects of sleep pattern, stress, and attitude towards menstruation, and behavior that causes a reduction in exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the course of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in female adolescents. Method: In total, 200 girls attending middle school in K city were recruited via convenience sampling between December 11 and 31, 2018, and 192 subjects were selected for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Overall, 9 (4.7%), 152 (79.2%), and 31 (16.1%) students had morning-, intermediate-, and evening-type sleep pattern, respectively. The mean scores for school-related stress were highest. Scores for stress regarding relationships with friends were the lowest. The mean score for attitudes toward menstruation was 72.33 out of 147. The mean score for behavior that led to a reduction in EDCs exposure was 56.57 out of 85. The mean scores for PMS severity were 25.30 and 38.39 out of 60. Analysis of factors affecting PMS revealed that severity of menstrual pain (β=.28), use of analgesics during menstruation (β=.17), family history of PMS (β=-.16), stress (β=.19), and behavior that reduces EDCs exposure (β=-.17) exerted significant effects on PMS. The explanatory power of these variables was 37%. Conclusion: The findings propose the necessity of a health intervention program including educational information, which can reduce PMS in adolescents, induce the behaviors which can decrease exposure to EDCs, and activities for managing the stress levels.

The rising trend of breast cancer both in developed and developing countries is a real threat challenging all efforts to screening, prevention and treatment aspects to reduce its impact. In spite of modern preventive strategies, the upward trend of breast cancer has become a matter of great concern in both developed and developing countries. Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute is a premier regional cancer institute in eastern region of India catering to a large number of cancer patients every year. A pilot case control study of fifty breast cancer patients and 100 matched controls was conducted during 2013 to evaluate the effects of habitual factors like working in night shift, not having adequate sleep, and not sleeping in total darkness on breast cancer of women. The study revealed that not sleeping in total darkness was associated with higher odds of outcome of breast cancer of women. This positive correlation can play a vital role in formulation of preventive strategies through life style modification.

Background: Sleep apnea, characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep, presents health risks and has been associated with various dietary patterns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns, as measured by the Recommended Food Score (RFS), and the risk of sleep apnea, as assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire.Methods: A total of 11,586 adults from a general hospital in Korea were included in the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire covering demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits. Dietary quality was assessed using the RFS, while sleep apnea risk was evaluated using the Berlin Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of RFS on sleep quality, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results: Higher RFS was negatively correlated with sleep apnea risk (odds ratio=0.91 [95% confidence interval, 0.82?1.00, P=0.048)]. Significant positive associations were observed between male sex, low education level, marital status, smoking, drinking, inactivity, high blood pressure, high waist circumference, high levels of triglycerides, and poor sleep quality. Hematologic markers such as C-reactive protein levels and glutamic pyruvic transaminase also displayed significant associations with sleep quality.Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between diet, lifestyle, metabolic health, and sleep quality. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions in managing sleep apnea and highlight avenues for further research.

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Objective : Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is known to reduce the quality of sleep and is associated with various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PMS with depression, sleep qulity and sleep pattern in Korean female adolescents. Methods : Out of 867 high school female students, 400 female subjects were included in this study. All participants completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic variables, shortened premenstrual assessment form (SPAF), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI) and Korean translation of composite scale (CS). A total of 394 individuals who completed the questionnaires were analyzed. Results : As score of SPAF, 143 subjects was defined PMDD group. They had more prevalence of eveningness, more depressive symptom, poorer sleep quality, and more excessive sleepiness than non-PMDD groups. Although the PMDD groups showed more menstrual dysmenorrhea, no difference was found in bleeding duration and cycle. PMS symptom had correlations with depression, poorer sleep quality and excessive sleepiness during the daytime. There was no difference in sleep duration between two groups, but PMS might have a relationship with eveningness of chronotype. Conclusions : Among Korean female high school students, the PMS might have an association with depression and poor sleep quality, and it might lead to daytime impairment due to excessive sleepiness. An appropriate evaluation of PMS could be helpful in determining the mental health condition of adolescents.

Sleep is a necessity for survival. Disruption of sleep leads to numerous adverse physiological and psychological consequences. These could be particularly undesirable for older patients, who are subject to many additional factors. But there is limited research related to hospitalized elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study is to explore sleep patterns and disturbing factors of before and after hospitalization, in order to present basic information regarding elderly sleep to develop nursing intervention. The sample consisted of 32 elderly men and women between the ages of n and 87 years. Data collection was done from September to November 1997. Measures of sleep patterns and related factors were obtained from self-reported sleep questionnaires. Analysis of data was done by use of t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In comparision between before and after admission of their sleep pattern, “sleep onset” tends to be delayed and nocturnal sleep time was significantly reduced. So, hospitalized elderly reported less total sleep time than before admission. 2. Regarding the sleep disturbing factors, medication(hypnotics ; 37.5%), physiological factor (snoring ; 59.4%) environmental factor (pillow ; 78.1%), emotional factor(anxiety related to disease ; 37.5%), and illness factor(fatigue ; 34.7%) were reported. 3. Significant differences in gender were found. Men had more disturbances in sleep than women owing to difficulty in falling a sleep and lack of nocturnal sleep. Women consumed more sleep inducing drugs. Significant increase was reported in napping during the day with increasing age. 4. Significant differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers were found for the following variables : nocturnal sleep time, total sleep time, bed time, sleep onset latency time, sleep latency time after nocturnal awakening, time spent in bed upon arousal, environmental factors, and emotional factors. In conclusion, it was found that the quantity and quality of sleep were significantly altered in hospitalized elderly, but adequate strategies for better sleep were not practiced. Further research is needed to develop Intervention strategies to promote sleep and to prevent sleep problems.

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the association between the sleep pattern, chronotype (midpoint of sleep on free days) and the depressive symptoms in adults aged 19 years and over in Korea. This study also investigated the mediating effect of perceived usual stress (PUS) and self-rated health (SRH) on the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Methods Among the subjects of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018, 16142 adults aged 19 or over responded to the survey and finally 8604 were analyzed according to the exclusion conditions. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the risk of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation over sleep pattern, chronotype. Finally, mediation analysis was performed in order to clarify how PUS and SRH are associated to chronoytpe and depression. Results After controlling for potential covariates, weekly sleep duration < 5 hours, ≥ 10 hours was associated with depressive symptoms. And late bed time sleeping after am 1:00 and later midpoints of sleep was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms. Additionally, the PUS and SRH between chronotype and depressive symptoms showed a serial multiple mediation effect. Conclusions Short or long sleep duration, late bed time and later midpoints of sleep on free days are associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mechanism between chronotype and depressive symptoms needs to be further clarified by identifying the serial multiple mediation effects of PUS and SRH.

본 연구는 3∼5세 유아의 일주기유형에 따른 수면양상과 일상생활의 차이를 알아보는데 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 일주기유형에 따라 연령별로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났지만, 전체적으로는 중간형 비율이 가장 높았고 아침형, 저녁형 순이었다. 둘째, 일주기유형에 따른 수면양상은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일주기유형에 따라 유아의 주중과 주말 수면양상은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. ‘총수면 양’에서 주중에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났지만, 주말에는 아침형보다 중간형, 저녁형의 수면량이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아들도 주중에 부족한 수면 양을 주말에 보충하고 있다는 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 마지막으로 일주기유형에 따른 유아의 주중 일상생활은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아도 성인과 같이 아침형, 중간형, 저녁형의 일주기 특성이 나타나며 이 특성에 따라 수면양상의 차이가 있음을 규명하였다. 본 연구 결과는 가정에서의 리듬과 유아교육기관의 하루 일과리듬 조화의 중요성을 암시하며 추후 건강한 어린이집 생활을 위한 정책 마련의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The objective of this study is to understand differences of sleep pattern and daily life according to the chronotype of young children in 3-5 years old. In the results of this study, first, there were no differences in each age according to chronotype. Overall, however, the percentage of neither-type was the highest, which was followed by morning-type and evening-type in order. Second, there were differences of sleep pattern according to chronotype. Third, there were differences of sleep pattern in weekdays and weekends according to the chronotype of young children. In the ‘quantity of total sleep’, there were no differences in weekdays while the neither-type and evening-type had more quantity of sleep than the morning-type in weekends. Such results could be interpreted into the meaning that young children also replenish insufficient quantity of sleep in weekdays during weekends. Lastly, there were differences of weekday daily life according to the chronotype of young children. This study verified that young children also showed the characteristics of chronotype such as morning-type, neither-type, and evening-type just as adults, and there were differences of sleep pattern according to those characteristics. Such results of this study imply the importance of balance between rhythm at home and daily schedule rhythm at early childhood educational institution, which could be utilized as the basic data for establishing policies for healthy life in daycare centers afterwards.

Purpose: In this study rest-activity rhythm, sleep pattern and quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome were compared with those of a normal group. Methods: The participants in this study were 36 patients with restless legs syndrome diagnosed by a neurologist and 36 participants in the normal group. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for the study. Chi-square test, Lamda test, t-test and Kendall's correlation with SPSS 12.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with restless legs syndrome had a higher rest-activity rhythm curve of Least 5 hr's activity(L5) and Most 10 hr's activity(M10) than those of normal group and sleep problems included decreased sleep efficiency and increased sleep latency, wake time and number of awakenings. The scores for the subscales of quality of life in patients with restless legs syndrome were lower than the normal group for general health, physical functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, role limitation due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality and mental health. Conclusion: The results suggest that further studies are needed to identify rest-activity rhythm according to symptom severity and to develop nursing interventions which consider rest-activity rhythm.

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 A형 행동유형의 분포를 확인하고 A형 행동유형에 따른 수면의 질및 우울정도의 차이를 검증하고자 시행하였다. 자료는 2013년 5월 8일부터 28일까지 S특별시, B광역시 및 K도에 7개교에 재학 중인 대학생 379명을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문지를 이용하여 수집하였다. A형 행동유형은 JAS(Jenkins activity survey), 수면의 질은 PSQI(Pittsburgh sleep quality index)와 우울은 BDI(Beck depression index)를 국내에서 번안한 도구를 활용하여 측정하였으며, SPSS 21.0 program을 이용하여 수집한 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 A형 행동유형의 대상자는 55.4%로 나타났고, A형 행동유형 대상자의 수면의 질은 대학계열에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고, 우울정도는 연령, 학년, 계열 및 흡연여부에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. A형 성격유형에 따른 수면의 질과 우울정도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 대학생의 과반수이상을 차지하는 A형 행동유형에 대한 관심이 필요하며, 이들의 학년 및 대학계열에 따른 건강증진 프로그램을 모색할 필요가 있다.

This study was to examine the relationship among A type behavior pattern, sleep quality, and depression in university students. The subject were 379 university students who were attending 7 universities in S-city, B-city and K-do. Data was collected from May 8 to May 28, 2013 using self-report questionnaire which included Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Jenkins activity survey and Beck depression index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheff? test, chi-square test with Fisher exact test by SPSS 21.0 program. The percentage of the A type behavior pattern was 55.4%. The mean score of sleep quality was 5.89, depression was 8.09. There was no significant difference of sleep quality, depression and A type behavior pattern. In type A behavior pattern, difference in depression according to general characteristic were age, grade, course, and smoking. Difference in sleep quality according to general characteristic of type A behavior personality was course. The finding form this study indicate when manage depression and sleep disorder among type A behavior pattern university students, the strategies need to address smoking and general characteristic.

삶의 질이란 평가자에 따라 달라질 수 있지만 개인이 인 생을 살면서 자신의 위치에 대하여 어떻게 지각하느냐의 정도라고 정의할 수 있다.1) 따라서 질병으로 인한 스트레 스는 평균수명과는 별개로 삶의 질에 중요한 영향을 미친 다. 즉 현대의학의 발달로 인하여 만성신부전 환자들의 생 존율은 증가하고 있지만2) 그것이 곧 삶의 질이 높아졌다 는 것을 반영하는 것은 아니다.3) 만성신부전 환자에서 불면, 수면유지곤란, 주간졸음 등 의 수면장애는 흔하다고 알려져 있다.4,5) 야간수면다원검 사(polysomnography)를 시행한 연구에서 수면무호흡증 (obstructive sleep apnea, OSA), 주기성 사지운동증(periodic limb movements during sleep, PMLS), 자발성 각성(spontaneous arousals)등의 일차적 수면장애의 발 병률이 매우 높다고 한다.6-8) 일반인에서 이런 수면장애는 삶의 질에 부정적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 일반적 건강상태, 삶의 만족도, 기분, 작업 수행 등에 부정적으로 작용하게 된 다.9) 주간 졸리움은 일상생활에 지장을 초래하고 여행과 작업 중에 사고위험을 높이며, 일반적 건강상태를 악화시 킬 수 있다.10-12) 또한 만성 불면증은 인지기능의 저하13,14) 및 치료결과에도 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다.15) 특히 수 면 무호흡증은 여러 연구에서 고혈압, 협심증, 부정맥, 관상 동맥질환, 심부전과 같은 심혈관 질환과 관련되었고16,17) 중 풍(stroke)과 같은 합병증을 야기할 수 있으며18) 이로 인 접수일자：2006년 2월 1일 / 심사완료：2006년 2월 28일 Address for correspondence Jung Hie Lee, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University, College of Medicine, and Kangwon National University Hospital, 17-1 Hyoja- 3-dong, Chuncheon 200-947, Korea Tel：+82.33-258-2310, Fax：+82.33-256-3344 E-mail：jhielee@kangwon.ac.kr 만성신부전 환자의 수면과 삶의 질 J.I. Park, et al J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc / Volume 45, No 2 / March, 2006 146 해 삶의 질은 상당히 영향을 받는다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 수면장애가 흔히 동반되는 만성신부전 환자에서 수면장애와 삶의 질에 관한 연구는 제한적이다. 외국의 경 우 설문지만을 이용한 연구들이 있었고,19,20) 야간수면다원 검사를 이용하여 수면장애와 삶의 질과의 관련성을 조사 한 연구들이 있으나21,22) 국내에는 전무하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 혈액투석을 받는 만성신부전 환자에서 야간수면다원검사를 통하여 평가한 수면장애의 특성을 통 해 삶의 질과의 연관성을 살펴보고자 하였다.

Objectives：We aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) between patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and normal control subjects, and to examine the relationship of QOL with the sleep characteristics in CRF patients. Methods：The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument- Brief form (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered to 26 CRF patients (male：20 Age：53.5±8.7 years) and 26 age- and sexmatched control subjects (male：20 Age：51.9±9.7 years). Nocturnal polysomnography (Embla S7000 Medcare system, New York, USA) was conducted for 26 CRF patients to measure the sleep parameters. Results：The total score and all the subscale scores of WHOQOL-BREF in the CRF patients were lower than those of the control subjects (p<0.01). The amount of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) was positively correlated with the physical health domain score (r=0.457). In addition, there were significantly negative correlations of the respiratory disturbance index and hypopnea index with the physical health domain score (r=-0.415, -0.616). Conclusion：The QOL of CRF patients was lower than that of the normal controls. Particularly, lower QOL of the physical health domain in CRF patients was associated with greater severity of sleep breathing disorder and lower amount of REMS. (J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2006;45(2):145-151)