Earticle

민사소송 등에서 요건사실론을 살펴보면, 주로 원고가 소장 등을 작성할 때 심판대상, 즉 소송 물에 대한 법률요건을 구성하는 구체적인 공격방법인 요건사실을 중심으로 연구⋅검토가 되고 항변 등은 위 공격방법에 첨부되어 기술되어 있는 것에 불과한 것이 통상적이다. 그러나 민사소 송 등에서 원고의 공격방법만 존재하는 것이 아니라 상대방인 피고의 방어방법도 존재한다는 사실이 있음을 인식하여야 하므로 이를 중심으로 한 검토의 필요성도 중요하다고 말할 수 있다. 민사소송에서는 원칙적으로 원고가 심판대상인 권리의무관계(=법률관계)를 공적으로 인정받 기 위하여 처분권주의와 변론주의에 입각하여 법요건을 구성하는 개개의 요건사실을 법원에 주장⋅입증하는 것이 최대의 관심사일 것이고 피고도 마찬가지의 법리에 따라 원고 주장의 법률 요건을 구성하는 개개의 요건사실을 탄핵하기 위하여 부인, 부지 또는 항변 등의 주장⋅입증을 하게 될 것이라는 사실을 전제로 이 글에서는 민사소송에서 일반적으로 통용될 수 있는 피고의 방어방법을 연구하였다. 외관상으로는 매매대금청구에 대한 항변 등을 중심으로 정리하였지만 사실상 피고가 응소하여 항변을 하는 경우 각각의 개별적 항변사항을 제외하면 후술하는 바와 같이 이 글에서 연구한 변제, 이행기한, 대물변제, 상계, 동시이행, 소멸시효, 착오, 사기, 이행지체, 정지기한부, 해제, 무최고해제특약, 당연해제특약, 하자담보책임에 따른 해제, 계약금계약 등의 각 항변을 중심으로 하는 것이 일반적일 것이다. 따라서 피고 또는 그 소송대리인은 기본적 인 소송전략을 마련하기 위해 반드시 숙지하여야할 것이다. 즉, 통상적으로 원고는 승소를 위해 서는 심판대상(소송물)을 전제로 법률요건을 구성하는 개개의 요건사실을 주장하는 반면, 이 논문은 피고가 일반적으로 원고 주장의 요건사실에 대하여 그것에 대한 항변을 중심으로 연구하였다.

Looking at the requirement facts in civil litigation, the plaintiff studies and examines the requirements facts, which are the specific attack methods that constitute the legal requirements for the proceedings. Therefore, defenses are usually attached and described in the above attack method. However, it is necessary to recognize the fact that not only the plaintiff's attack method exists but also the defendant's defense method exists in civil proceedings, and there is a need for consideration centered on this. Therefore, in a civil lawsuit, as a general rule, in order for the plaintiff to publicly recognize the rights and obligations that are the subject of the trial, the individual requirement facts that make up the legal requirements based on the dispositionism and apology should be asserted and proved to the court. It is is of greatest interest, and the fact that the defendant will also make denial, ignorance or defense allegations and proofs in order to denounce the individual requirement facts that make up the plaintiff's alleged legal requirements by similar doctrine. As a premise, the paper studied the defendant's defense methods that are generally accepted in civil lawsuits. In terms of appearance, the defenses against the purchase price claim are summarized, but in fact, except for each individual defense item in most of the defendants' complaints, the repayment, performance deadline, objective repayment, and phase total studied in the text below, Simultaneous performance, extinction prescription, error, fraud, delay in performance, suspension deadline, cancellation, unannounced cancellation special contract, of course cancellation special contract, cancellation due to defect warranty, contract money contract, etc. As it is common, it can be said that the defendant or its litigation agent is a defense that must be familiar to in order to establish a basic litigation strategy. In other words, the plaintiff asserts to the court the individual requirement facts that make up the legal requirements that can be met on the premise of the subject of trial in order to win the case, while the plaintiff generally asserts in the civil lawsuit in which the defendant proceeds. I researched the facts about the requirements for the legal requirements that make up the legal relationship that is the subject of the trial, focusing on the defense that makes it possible to overcome this and lead to the victory of the defendant.

척추측만증은 척추가 관상면에서 10도 이상 굽은 상태입니다. 하지만 관상면 뿐만 아니라 횡단면, 시상면에 서의 변형도 포함되기 때문에 단순하지 않은 문제입니다. 측만증의 만곡은 성장기 어린이에게 상당히 진행되면 문 제를 일으킵니다. 척추측만증의 치료는 관찰을 포함해서 기브스, 보조기, 물리치료, 운동 및 수술 등이 있습니다. 관리의 목표는 낮은 측만각을 유지하여 비대칭을 최소화하는 것이지만, 학업과 시간 부족으로 청소년들은 지속적인 치료를 받기 어려운 형편입니다. 이에 가정용 온열-마사지를 통해 측만각의 유지 또는 개선을 경험한 척추측만증 사례를 보고합니다.

Scoliosis is defined as a condition in which the spine curves more than 10 degrees in frontal plane. However, it is complicated because it involves transverse and sagittal components as well as the frontal plane. Curvature can progress to growing children and cause serious problems. Treatments of Scoliosis, including observation, are casting, braces, physical therapy, exercise, and surgery. The goal of scoliosis management is to achieve minimal asymmetry by maintaining low angle values. However, it is difficult for adolescents to receive continuous treatment due to study and lack of time. We report cases of scoliosis that have experienced improvement of Cobb’s angle through spinal thermal massage management at home.

This Research is for finding the ways of improving the effectiveness of Quality Control Circle(QCC). Group Working and QCC are jointly applied in a small work unit and this was called, in this paper, Work Circle. In order to examine the effectiveness of Work Circle, it has been applied to the production line of the small electronic company. Action Research has been adopted to this research as a research methodology. The experiments were implemented during eight weeks, first four weeks was for the existing system and the other was for Work Circle. According to the results, Work Circle has been shown to the pros and cons. Work Circle has proven to increase production rates, reduced WIP level and defect rates, while it has created the conflicts between the supervisors and the leaders of Work Circles. Although Work Circle has the certain weaknesses of human relations on the shop floor, it has the great strong points of productivity improvement. Furthermore, Work Circle has become a control mechanism of QCC indirectly. The conclusion of this experiment was that QCC could improve its productivity by applying it with Group Working method Simultaneous.

In this paper, we propose one-bit feedback-based distributed beamforming (DBF) techniques for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in interference channels where the information transfer and power transfer networks coexist in the same frequency spectrum band. In a power transfer network, multiple distributed energy transmission nodes transmit their energy signals to a single energy receiving node capable of harvesting wireless radio frequency energy. Here, by considering the Internet-of-Things sensor network, the energy harvesting/information decoding receivers (ERx/IRx) can report their status (which may include the received signal strength, interference, and channel state information) through one-bit feedback channels. To maximize the amount of energy transferred to the ERx and simultaneously minimize the interference to the IRx, we developed a DBF technique based on one-bit feedback from the ERx/IRx without sharing the information among distributed transmit nodes. Finally, the proposed DBF algorithm in the interference channel is verified through the simulations and also implemented in real time by using GNU radio and universal software radio peripheral.

In recent years, the use of robot arms has increased rapidly in both industrial and service applications. Unlike production sites, where only one type of gripper is used for productivity, service sites often use a tool changer to replace fingered grippers or vacuum grippers to cover various objects to be grasped. To this end, a tool changer-based pneumatic grasping system was developed in this study. In order to simultaneously use a positive pressure-based pneumatic gripper and a negative pressure-based vacuum gripper, a small vane pump capable of generating positive and negative pressures depending on the direction of rotation was developed. Experiments with actual prototypes have shown that the pneumatic system based on the developed vane pump can effectively realize both pneumatic grippers and vacuum grippers.

산업플랜트 현장에서 별도의 배선 없이 쉽고 빠르게 기계상태를 측정하기 위해서는 다중무선센서를 기계에 부착하고 측정과 전송이 동시에 가능한 시분할전송 방식이 필요하다. 그러나 아직까지 연속적인 신호를 동시에 100Hz이상 샘플로 시분할다중전송(TDMA;Time Division Multiple Access)하는 현장적용 연구가 알려지지 않고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 현장적용을 위해 100Hz이상의 샘플주기로 다수의 센서에서 동시에 취득할 수 있는 시분할다중전송 네트워크프로토콜을 구현하고 그 결과를 나타내고자 한다. 단일 클러스터 스타토폴로지를 대상으로 노드 개수와 거리에 따른 네트워크 가용성 확인을 위해 ns-2 시뮬레이터로 유사한 환경 조건으로 구동하여 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 4개의 센서노드로 동시에 연속적인 센서신호를 전송하는 비-시분할다중전송과 시분할다중전송프로토콜을 비교 분석하였다. 전송시간이 20초와 40초 일 경우는 수신율 차이가 작았지만 60초일 경우는 많은 차이를 나타냄을 관찰하였다.

Wireless sensors, installed on machinery, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmission make an ideal system for monitoring machine conditions in industrial plants because there is no need for electronic wiring. However, there has not yet been a successful field application of such a system, capable of continuously transmitting data at sample rates greater than 100 Hz. In this research, a TDMA network protocol capable of acquiring data from multiple sensors at sample rates greater than 100 Hz was developed for field application. The protocol was implemented in a single cluster-star topology network, and the system was evaluated based on the node number and transmission distance. Network simulator 2 (ns-2) was used for a real field simulation. Non-TDMA and TDMA protocol cases were compared using four sensor nodes. In the cases of 20-s and 40-s transmission times, there was little difference between the reception rates of the non-TDMA and TDMA systems. However, the difference was much greater when using a 60-s transmission time.

In this paper we propose multi-functional telephone rejecting a simultaneous call at home or small office with several telephones in one line. Also we describe the protocol to transfer a call to the other telephone in different place with ease. So the proposed scheme can protect a personal privacy and provide the conveniency. Since the proposed phone is implemented with Holtek HT95C20P microprocessor, the most of functions can be easily changed accordance with user's needs.