Earticle

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) power cables are capable of transmitting bulk power without any loss compared to conventional copper cables. The major challenge in the design of such HTS cables is the high stresses (electro-thermal/electro-mechanical) developed at high voltages, high currents and cryogenic temperatures. The safe and reliable operation of HTS cables involves lots of instrumentation for monitoring, measurement, control and safe operation. In principle, a four probe method for resistance (RTD PT-100) is used for temperature measurements at various locations of HTS cable. The number of connecting leads required for this is four times that of the number of sensors. The present paper discusses a novel way of connecting 128 RTD sensors with the help of only 14 leads using a cold electronics based multiplexer board. LabVIEW 11.0 software was used for interfacing and displaying the readings of all the sensors on computer screen.

본 연구에서는 마이크로소프트 키넥트 센서와 굽힘 감지 데이터 글러브를 이용하여 광업 분야 소프트웨어를제어할 수 있는 3차원 사용자 인터페이스를 개발하였다. 개발된 인터페이스는 키넥트 센서로 추적되는 사용자의 손위치에 따라 윈도우즈 환경에서 마우스 커서를 제어한다. 또한 굽힘 감지 데이터 글러브로 측정한 사용자 손가락의구부러짐 정도에 따라 윈도우즈 환경에서 마우스 클릭 이벤트를 처리한다. 인터페이스의 개발에는 오픈소스 하드웨어인 아두이노 Lilypad 보드와 National Instrument의 LabVIEW 소프트웨어가 사용되었다. 3차원 사용자 인터페이스를 광업 분야에서 사용되고 있는 몇 가지 3차원 소프트웨어에 적용해본 결과, 마우스나 키보드와 같은 전통적인 인터페이스보다 더 직관적으로 3차원 소프트웨어를 제어할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed a 3D user interface (UI) using the Microsoft’s Kinect sensor and bend-sensing data glove to control software in the mining industry. The developed UI controls the mouse cursor in Windows according to the user’s hand position tracked by the Kinect sensor. In addition, it controls the mouse click events in Windows by measuring the user’s finger flexion using the bend-sensing data glove. An open-source hardware, Arduino Lilypad Board, and National Instrument’s LabVIEW software were used to develop the UI. Applications of the 3D UI to several 3D software utilized in the mining industry revealed that it can control the 3D software in more intuitive way than traditional UIs such as mouse and keyboard.

Virtual Reality(VR)은 1950년대에 제안된 기술이었지만 최근에서야 활발하게 VR 기기와 콘텐츠 보급이 이루어 지고 있다. 기존의 VR 콘텐츠는 사전에 만들어진 콘텐츠를 사용자가 보ㄴ는 것이 대부분 이었지만, 최근의 컴퓨팅 기술의 급격한 발전 덕분에 작은 사이즈에 사용자의 행동을 추적할 수 있는 기기가 등장함으로서 사용자와 상호작용 을 하는 VR 콘텐츠가 등장할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 VR이 AR과 MR로 확장되고 있으므로, 3가지 가상 환경에서 모두 사용가능하며 효율적인 User Interface(UI)가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 아이트래킹 센서 기술기반의 UI를 제안한다. 아이트래킹 센서 기반 UI는 사용자가 직접 컨트롤러를 조작하는 부분을 줄임으로서 단순 조작에 사용되 는 시간을 극적으로 낮출 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 종류의 컨트롤러를 복합적으로 사용가능하게 함으로서 전용 컨트롤러의 필요성을 낮추었다.

Virtual Reality (VR) was a technology proposed in the 1950s, but it has only recently been actively distributing VR devices and contents. Traditional VR content was mostly pre-created by users, but thanks to the recent rapid development of computing technology, a device capable of tracking the user's behavior in a small size has appeared, and thus the VR content that interacts with the user has appeared. In addition, since VR is expanding to AR and MR, it can be used in all three virtual environments and requires an efficient user interface (UI). In this paper, we propose a UI based on eye tracking sensor technology. The eye tracking sensor-based UI not only dramatically reduces the time used for simple manipulation by reducing the part where the user directly controls the controller, but also reduces the need for a dedicated controller by enabling various types of controllers to be used in combination.

Food poisoning that can happen commonly, a little caution can be prevented in advance, but the average consumer can not know whether the poisoning infection of food. While there are many factors affecting food poisoning typically changes in temperature and humidity, and monitoring temperature and humidity variability during transport and storage is very important. So we proposed the food poisoning prevention monitoring system based on the smart RFID tag system. Proposed system consists of RFID tag, temperature and humidity sensor, sensor interface, RFID reader, and server. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, we performed experiments on the tofu. Proposed system measures the temperature and humidity using the smart RFID tag. The measured information can be calculated according to food poisoning index with four grade, interest, caution, warning, risk, and is monitored. The proposed system confirms usefulness through experiments.

In this paper we propose the use of cloud services to delivery next-generation dynamic mobile interface. The improvement is focused on existing soft keyboard application. Through a simple sign-in process, the customized keyboard interfaced defined by user own can by synced, stored on the cloud and ready to be apply on other compatible devices of the same user in anytime. With cloud based interface, through specific username and password, various smart mobile devices are able to receive their custom interface. Also, we use Gyro Sensor and Wi-Fi direct to help the users freely share their layout through the internet.

Touch screen interface is inconvenient since it requires both hands. So this study suggests new interface as replacement. Smart devices use built-in acceleration sensor. Low pass filter and Kalman filter reduce noise and variability of the output of the acceleration sensor to enhance precision and certainty, which is then applied in widgets or menus to test usability and functionality through experiments. Besides, sensor-based color detector is used to realize real-time color detection of the camera output image, and to search color information of the image, which is then analyzed and inferred for face detection. With the suggested algorithm, we can detect the face image even when it is slanted. Also, real-time detection of color information depending on the environment is possible. Experiments have proven its features which are particularly strong in the changes in the environment. The suggested algorithm is useful for further studies concerning various interfaces on smartphone.

Many new concepts have recently been developed for human–computer interfaces. Xbox, introduced by Microsoft, is a game console. Kinect is a low-cost device that supports multiple speakers, a microphone, a red-green-blue camera, and a depth sensor camera for motion recognition. In the beginning, Kinect was developed for Xbox, but then supported various functions for the Windows operating system (OS). Similar to a Smart TV interface, in this study, we propose an intelligent interface for the Windows OS using Microsoft Kinect. Instead of using a mouse or keyboard, the interface helps humans interact with the computer using voice and hand gesture recognition. To interact with our system, users first register their voice commands in our recognition system, and then utilize those registered commands control the Windows OS. Our proposed system also provides scalability and flexibility and was assessed with a high level of recognition rate and user’s satisfaction.

It is widely considered that it is very difficult to use a personal computer for people with disabilities. The mouse and keyboard based interfaces assumes that all people have hands and arms. System interface that will allow handicapped users without the hand and arm having a user experience similar to the general users is required. In this paper, by using the Kinect sensor, which is supplied with the MS X-box, with speech and motion recognition, author will offer a new computer interface for handicapped users with no hands and arms to be able to control personal computers at a level similar to the general user. It is shown that implemented application with the new interface system enables users to input user data, information and easily control the execution of the program.

현재 운영되는 주요 하·폐수 처리시설 관리에 있어 환경 보호를 위한 엄격한 규제로 수질오염 측정 시스템 에 관한 시스템이 부각되고 있다. 하지만 기존 하·폐수 처리 시스템은 하·폐수에 특화된 수질감시 기술이 미흡하며, 그중 센서와 네트워크를 통한 1:n 데이터 전송이 아닌 1:1을 지향하며, 이기종간 통신방식에 대한 호환성이 미비하다. 또한, 주로 수동방식의 검출방식을 준수하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 수질복원시설물 내에 자동화된 센서 네트워크 통합 인터페이스를 위한 센서와 수질감지통합인터페이스간의 효율적인 데이터 전송에 관한 프로토콜 기술에 관해 연 구하였다. 센서 네트워크 통합 인터페이스용 모니터링 구현을 통해 이기종간 통신방식으로 원활한 데이터 전송이 가 능함을 입증하였다.

Currently, the management system of wastewater treatment facility has magnified due to the stringent regulations for the protection of the environment. However, wastewater treatment system is insufficient in wastewater quality monitoring technology in specialized. Above all it aim one-to-one data transmission instead of one-to-n data transmission through sensor and network. And then, it lack compatibility toward communication system between different. Mainly it has observed detecting system of manual system. In this paper, we studied protocol technology about efficient data transmission between sensor and integration interface of water quality detecting interface for automated sensor network integration interface in water restoration facility. Therefore, we proved the possibility of efficient data transmission from communication system of different type through monitoring implementation of sensor network integration interface.

본 논문에서는 유헬스 시스템에 가장 기본이 되는 생체정보 측정에 대하여 하나의 휴대용 인터페이스만을 가지고 다양한 생체정보 측정기와 연계하여 다양한 생체정보를 취득할 수 있도록 하는 이식성 있는 임베디드 미들웨어 PSI(Portable Sensor Interface)를 제안한다. PSI는 U-health 서비스를 제공하기 위해 측정기 자동인식, 데이터 취득, 위험요소 표시 및 데이터 수집장치(DAS)와의 통신을 담당하는 기능을 갖는다.

본 논문에서는 유헬스 시스템에 가장 기본이 되는 생체정보 측정에 대하여 하나의 휴대용 인터페이스만을 가지고 다양한 생체정보 측정기와 연계하여 다양한 생체정보를 취득할 수 있도록 하는 이식성 있는 임베디드 미들웨어 PSI(Portable Sensor Interface)를 제안한다. PSI는 U-health 서비스를 제공하기 위해 측정기 자동인식, 데이터 취득, 위험요소 표시 및 데이터 수집장치(DAS)와의 통신을 담당하는 기능을 갖는다.

This paper proposes power-efficient ICs for measuring the signal of a Floating Gate (FG) radiation sensor. The ICs include the function of converting the current signal generated in the FG into a digital signal through a regulated-cascode current reference (RCCS) and a time-based quantizer. The proposed sensor interface ICs are implemented with the PDK of DB Hitek process, securing a 45 dB SNR with only 14.7 μW power consumption.

A kind of field bus called Actuator and Sensor interface bus(AS-i) was designed in this paper. The configuration of AS-i network system used Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) SAP5S chip and PLC S7-200 station, which included CPU 224 and AS-i master module CP 243-2. We also created an example program for PLC S7-200 to control AS-i network. The fire and smoke detection system was made with AS-i network system that was designed. This system had got more advantages than other system such as number of stations, easy installation, wide working area, etc. And designed system can be used as a partner network for higher level field bus networks.

Total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries are increasing worldwide due to the aging population and the growing activity levels of middle-aged patients. Continuous monitoring of knee-joint loading is crucial for enhancing implant design, facilitating early failure detection, and informing personalized rehabilitation. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through contact electrification and electrostatic induction, are attractive for wearable and implantable electronics owing to their high energy density and mechanical flexibility. However, implantable TENGs are often limited by small surface areas and low internal capacitance, which makes energy harvesting challenging. To address this limitation, this work employs TENGs as pressure sensors rather than energy harvesters. We present a TENG model suitable for integration into TKR implants and propose a low-power sensor interface that rectifies and digitizes the signal using a dual-output rectifier (DOR) and a 10-bit SAR ADC. Under a 1-Hz gait-like excitation, the system measured force-dependent voltage responses and monotonic ADC outputs. These results show that the proposed TENG model and TENG sensor interface enable pressure/load monitoring in TKR implants.

In this paper, a low-power CMOS interface circuit is designed and demonstrated for capacitive sensor applications, which is implemented using a standard 0.35-${\mu}m$ CMOS logic technology. To achieve low-power performance, the low-voltage capacitance-to-pulse-width converter based on a self-reset operation at a supply voltage of 1.5 V is designed and incorporated into a new interface circuit. Moreover, the external pulse signal for the reset operation is made unnecessary by the employment of the self-reset operation. At a low supply voltage of 1.5 V, the new circuit requires a total power consumption of 0.47 mW with ultra-low power dissipation of 157 ${\mu}W$ of the interface-circuit core. These results demonstrate that the new interface circuit with self-reset operation successfully reduces power consumption. In addition, a prototype wireless sensor-module with the proposed circuit is successfully implemented for practical applications. Consequently, the new CMOS interface circuit can be used for the sensor applications in ubiquitous sensor networks, where low-power performance is essential.

Ensuring the designed prestress force is very important for the safety of prestressed concrete bridge. The loss of prestress force in tendon could significantly reduce load carrying capacity of the structure. In this study, an automated prestress-loss monitoring system for prestressed concrete girder using PZT-interface and wireless impedance sensor node is presented. The following approaches are carried out to achieve the objective. Firstly, wireless impedance sensor nodes are designed for automated impedance-based monitoring technique. The sensor node is mounted on the high-performance Imote2 sensor platform to fulfill high operating speed, low power requirement and large storage memory. Secondly, a smart PZT-interface designed for monitoring prestress force is described. A linear regression model is established to predict prestress-loss. Finally, a system of the PZT-interface interacted with the wireless sensor node is evaluated from a lab-scale tendon-anchorage connection of a prestressed concrete girder.

In this paper, we designed HW / SW interfaces for processing the signals of capacitive sensors like Electric Potential Sensor (EPS) to detect the surrounding electric field disturbance as feature signals in motion recognition systems. We implemented a smart light control system with those interfaces. In the system, the on/off switch and brightness adjustment are controlled by hand gestures using the designed and fabricated interface circuits. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals of the controller with a driver IC are used to drive the LED and to control the brightness and on/off operation. Using the hand-gesture signals obtained through EPS sensors and the interface HW/SW, we can not only construct a gesture instructing system but also accomplish the faster recognition speed by developing dedicated interface hardware including control circuitry. Finally, using the proposed hand-gesture recognition and signal processing methods, the light control module was also designed and implemented. The experimental result shows that the smart light control system can control the LED module properly by accurate motion detection and gesture classification.

This paper describes a novel way of applying capacitive sensing technology to a mobile user interface. The key idea is to use grip-pattern, which is naturally produced when a user tries to use the mobile device, as a clue to determine an application to be launched. To this end, a capacitive touch sensing system is carefully designed and installed underneath the housing of the mobile device to capture the information of the user's grip-pattern. The captured data is then recognized by dedicated recognition algorithms. The feasibility of the proposed user interface system is thoroughly evaluated with various recognition tests.

Robot is composed of various devices but, those are incompatible with each other and hardly developing reusable control software. This study suggests standard abstract interface for robot software component to make portable device and reusable control software of robot, based on familiar techniques to abstract device in operating systems. This assures uniform abstracted interface to the device driver software like sensor and actuator and, control program can be transparent operation over device. This study can separately and independently develop devices and control software with this idea. This makes it possible to replace existing devices with new devices which have an improved performance.

An amperometric ascorbic acid selective sensor utilizing the transfer reaction of proton liberated from the dissociation of ascorbic acid in aqueous solution across an elliptic micro-hole water/organic gel interface is demonstrated. This redox inactive sensing platform offers an alternative way for the detection of ascorbic acid to avoid a fouling effect which is one of the major concerns in redox based sensing systems. The detection principle is simply measuring the current change with respect to the assisted transfer of protons by a proton selective ionophore (e.g., ETH 1778) across the micro-hole interface between the water and the polyvinylchloride-2-nitrophenyloctylether gel phase. The assisted transfer reaction of protons generated from ascorbic acid across the polarized micro-hole interface was first characterized using cyclic voltammetry. An improved sensitivity for the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid was achieved using differential pulse stripping voltammetry with a linear response ranging from 1 to $100\;{\mu}M$ concentrations of ascorbic acid. As a demonstration, the developed sensor was applied for analyzing the content of vitamin-C in different types of commercial pharmaceutical tablets and syrups, and a satisfactory recovery from these samples were also obtained.