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Many organizations need to comply with ISMS-P for information systems and personal information management for ISMS-P certification. Organizations should safeguard vulnerablities to information systems. However, as the kinds of information systems are diversified and the number of information systems increases, management of such vulnerabilities manually accompanies with many difficulties. SCAP is a protocol to manage the vulnerabilities of information system automatically with security standards. In this paper, for the introduction of SCAP in domestic domains we verify the applicability of server-oriented system which is one of ISMS-P certification targets. For SCAP applicability, For obtaining this goal, we analyze the structures and functions of SCAP. Then we propose schemes to check vulnerabilities of the serveroriented system. Finally, we implement the proposed schemes with SCAP to show the applicability of SCAP for verifying vulnerabilities of the server-oriented system.

The 129 public institutions in Korea are subject to Information Security Management Condition Evaluation (ISMCE) as a part of the government management evaluation system by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. ISMCE is started in 2006 with the central government institutions, and applied to the all public institutions in 2009. This evaluation is annually conducted by the National Intelligence Service through the site visits, and the number of the evaluated institutions is increasing year by year. However, the process of ISMCE - identifying existing vulnerabilities in the information system - is conducted manually. To improve this inconvenience, this paper introduces the various evaluation system in the major countries, especially in the United States, and analyzes the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) by NIST. SCAP is automation protocol for the system vulnerability management (in technical fields) and security policy compliance evaluation. Based on SCAP, this paper suggests an improvement plan for the ISMCE of Korea.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process by which Noh and Utai, which were mobilized and cooperated in wartime propaganda as the “quintessence of the Japanese spirit” during the war, returned from “Noh of warlike spirit(尚武の能, martial Noh)” to the “Noh of Yugen(幽玄の能, Mysterious Noh)” of today after the defeat of the Asia-Pacific War. First, I thoroughly examined GHQ/SCAP censorship documents to ascertain the evaluation and policies under which Noh survived the period of occupation by GHQ. Nevertheless, from this brief mention, we can see the outline of what kind of informants GHQ obtained information from and what kind of knowledge the censors had. The GHQ/SCAP descriptions of Noh are the kind of content that only someone with considerable specialized knowledge could have written, and are orthodox, like descriptions of the history of Noh. It can be judged that the censors were Japanese with knowledge of Japanese performing arts and literature. n fact, previous research on GHQ censors has confirmed that Japanese censors had considerable academic ability. Based on this judgment, I tried to find out what kind of Japanese censors GHQ obtained information about Noh from, but unfortunately I was unable to find any documents that would provide such information. Noh, which was thus “relatively free” advertised the Tokyo Restoration Noh Theatre about 40 days after the Emperor’s radio broadcast, and Noh performances were held about 50 days later. There are two possible reasons for such a rapid movement towards “restoration.” The first is the “restoration of the arts scene.” It was a new start as an arts house, freed from the control by the authorities that turned to fascism during the war and the resulting mobilization and pandering. The other reason was the issue of the livelihood of Noh performers. As I have already pointed out in my previous article, the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars led to a halt in Noh chanting practice due to the self-restraint of performing arts during the wartime, which led to a sharp decline in the income that Noh performers received from teaching Noh chanting, and the self-restraint of performances meant that Noh performers had fewer opportunities to perform on stage, which put them in a difficult position and made it impossible for them to continue their art. This phenomenon was also true in the Noh world in the colonies. Focusing on the issue of wartime and Noh, I have also pointed out that while Noh declined due to the problem of securing an income, by staying close to those in power, there was a dual structure in which Noh rose to the top of the performing arts reports that contributed to national unity. There is a big difference between Japan’s victories in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War and its defeat in the Asia-Pacific War, but when considering the issues of Japan’s shrinkage and rise during the “wartime period” and its progress in the “postwar period,” it becomes clear that the practical issue of entertainers’ livelihoods was actually an important factor, contrary to the desire of today’s nation-state system to be a “country with an excellent culture” as in World Cultural Heritage sites. Due to Noh’s contribution as a cultural device for national unity that was useful to the power of the state and the emergency situation of wartime, the ideology of “Noh of warlike spirit” was added to “Noh of Yugen,” and Noh survived the war period. There is a Noh performance that has come a long time. Exploring the significance of the fact that performances began in the ruins of Tokyo just 50 days after Japan’s defeat on August 15, 1945, is an aspect of history that must be clarified when considering the nation-state and Noh, and war and performing arts.

‘제국 일본’ 해체 이후, ‘밀항’을 통해 한반도와 일본 사이를 잠행하던 제주 사람들은 연합국 최고사령부(GHQ/SCAP)의 대일 점령정책을 교란하는 존재로 취급됐던 까닭에, 이동의 규모나 실태 역시 대부분 체험자의 증언이나 2차 사료를 통해 추정될 수밖에 없었다. 4･3에 대한 한국 정부의 공식 보고서에는 1948년 이후의 밀항이 불가능했을 것이라는 증언을 인용할 뿐, 그 시기 제주를 탈출하여 일본행을 모색했던 사람들의 경험과 역사에 대해서는 구체적인 언급을 하지 않는다. 그러나 정부 보고서와 달리, 1948년 4월의 봉기 이후에도 일본으로 건너갔던 사람들의 다양한 삶과 경험이 증언되면서 4･3 시기의 밀항을 둘러싼 공백이 조금씩 채워지게 됐다. 한편, GHQ가 작성한 1차 사료가 공개되지 않은 상황에서, 밀항의 규모나 실상에 대해서는 단편적인 기술에 머물러 왔던 것도 사실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 봉기 직후부터 강경진압작전이 개시되기 전인 48년 5∼9월 시점에 GHQ가 작성한 ‘불법입국’ 관련 보고서를 분석함으로써 4･3 초기 제주 사람들의 일본행 밀항의 궤적을 좇아가 본다.

Since the Jeju people who had been stowing away between the Korean peninsula and Japan after the end of the Empire Japan were treated as disturbing the occupation policy of the GHQ/SCAP, the size and actual condition of the movement had to be estimated through the testimony of the experimenter or the second historical reports. The Korean government’s official report on 4.3 quotes testimony that it would not have been possible to smuggle after 1948, but does not specifically mention the experiences and history of those who escaped Jeju and sought to travel to Japan at that time. However, unlike the government report, the various lives and experiences of those who went to Japan after the armed uprising of 1948 had been testified, and the gap surrounding the stowage of the 4.3 period has been gradually filled. On the other hand, it is also true that the scale and reality of the stowaway has remained fragmentary in a situation where the primary historical documents written by GHQ has not been disclosed. In this paper, we analyze the report on illegal immigration written by GHQ from May to September in 1948, when was right after the armed uprising occurred and before the hard-line suppression operation began, and follow the trajectory of the stowaway of Jeju people to Japan in the early 4.3 period.

Many organizations need to comply with ISMS-P for information systems and personal information management for ISMS-P certification. Organizations should safeguard vulnerablities to information systems. However, as the kinds of information systems are diversified and the number of information systems increases, management of such vulnerabilities manually accompanies with many difficulties. SCAP is a protocol to manage the vulnerabilities of information system automatically with security standards. In this paper, for the introduction of SCAP in domestic domains we verify the applicability of server-oriented system which is one of ISMS-P certification targets. For SCAP applicability, For obtaining this goal, we analyze the structures and functions of SCAP. Then we propose schemes to check vulnerabilities of the server-oriented system. Finally, we implement the proposed schemes with SCAP to show the applicability of SCAP for verifying vulnerabilities of the server-oriented system.

공공기관과 기업에서 관리하는 정보 시스템 종류의 증가로, 국내에서는 보안 점검의 미흡으로 발생할 수 있는 취약성에 신속하게 대응하기 위한 보안 인증제도를 시행하고 있다. ISMS-P와 같은 국내의 정보보호체계 평가는 기술적 점검 항목들에 대해 범주를 나누어 평가함으로써 각 범주에 대한 체계적인 보안성 평가를 수행하고 있다. 미국의 NIST에서는 보안 점검 목록을 작성하고 취약성 점검을 자동화할 수 있는 프로토콜인 SCAP을 개발했으며 SCAP에 사용되는 보안 점검 목록은 OVAL로 작성할 수 있다. 제조사 별로 보안 점검 목록을 작성하여 SCAP 커뮤니티를 통해 공유하고 있지만, 국내 보안평가체제에 맞게 범주화되어있지 않아 국내에서는 실질적으로 사용하기에 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 국내 정보보호체계에 SCAP을 적용하기 위해 OVAL로 작성된 점검 항목인 OVAL 정의를 범주화하는 메커니즘을 제시한다. 레드햇 8 STIG 파일을 대상으로 230개 항목 중 189개의 OVAL 정의를 국내 보안 평가체제에 적용할 수 있음을 보였고, 범주화된 레드햇 정의 파일의 통계를 분석하여 범주별 시스템 취약성 추이를 확인할 수 있었다.

With the increase in the types of information systems managed by public institutions and companies, a security certification system is being implemented in Korea to quickly respond to vulnerabilities that may arise due to insufficient security checks. The korea security evaluation system, such as ISMS-P, performs a systematic security evaluation for each category by dividing the categories for technical inspection items. NIST in the United States has developed SCAP that can create security checklists and automate vulnerability checks, and the security checklists used for SCAP can be written in OVAL. Each manufacturer prepares a security check list and shares it through the SCAP community, but it's difficult to use it in Korea because it is not categorized according to the korea security evaluation system. Therefore, in this paper, we present a mechanism to categorize the OVAL definition, which is an inspection item written in OVAL, to apply SCAP to the korea security evaluation system. It was shown that 189 out of 230 items of the Red Hat 8 STIG file could be applied to the korea security evaluation system, and the statistics of the categorized Redhat definition file could be analyzed to confirm the trend of system vulnerabilities by category.

본 연구는 한일어업레짐의 성격을 규정하는 전사(前史)로서 당시 일본을 점령·통치하고 있던 연합국 최고사령관 총사령부(GHQ-SCAP: General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers)의 관련 문서를 중심으로 한일어업협정의 태동 과정을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이것은 한·미·일 관계라는 프리즘을 통해 한일어업협정의 성격을 규정하는 전사를 추적한다는 외교사적 의미를 지니고 있다. 특히 본 연구는 일국사적 관점을 넘어서 국제해양레짐의 재편과 연동되어 나타난 동북아 지역 영해 질서의 이해를 ‘영해 자원민족주의’라는 개념을 변형·발전시켜 한일어업협정에 대한 전사(前史)의 규명에 초점을 맞추었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 GHQ-SCAP의 자료를 중심으로 ‘맥아더라인’이 ‘평화선’으로 바뀐 한일어업협정 전사를 추적하여 한국 사회과학 연구의 공백으로 남아 있는 GHQ-SCAP의 일본 점령과 그 정책에 대한 실증적 분석뿐만 아니라 한일관계의 구조적 틀이 형성된 이 시기를 외교사적으로 재조명하고 있다. 흥미롭게도 맥아더라인에서 평화선으로 이어지는 한일어업협정은 ‘해결되지 않은 것을 해결된 것으로 간주한다’는 미완성의 합의 방식을 채택했기 때문에 한일관계가 엇박자로 나아가면 언제든지 여러 가지 문제가 분출될 수 있는 협정이었다.

The purpose of this study is to define the nature of Korea-Japan Fisheries Regime at the time when Japan was occupied and governed by GHO-SCAP relevant documentation and to explore the beginning process of the Korea-Japan Fisheries agreement with GHO-SCAP relevant documentations. This study has the diplomatic meaning as the circumstances leading up to pursuit defining the nature of the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement through the trilateral relations of South Korea, US and Japan. In particular, this research has a focus on understanding the region of Northeast territorial waters order beyond the historical perspectives of a country in conjunction with reorganization of the international maritime regime transformed the concepts of ‘territorial waters resource nationalism’. To do this, the study illuminates diplomatically this period formed empirical analysis about Japanese occupation and occupation policies that remain in the space of the research of Korea social science, as well as structural framework of model of Korea-Japan relations with the data of GHO-SCAP through tracking the circumstances leading up to the Korea-Japan fisheries agreement, which transformed from the MacArthur Line to the Rhee Line. Interestingly, the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement, which the MacArthur Line leading to the Rhee Line, does not solve but is considered as solved since the adoption of unfinished consensus method. Therefore if there are some problematic relations between Korea and Japan, this agreement could unleash a dispute at anytime.

This study focus on the GHQ/SCAP(General Headquarters/Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers)’s repatriation policy of the Koreans in Japan. GHQ/SCAP was the competent authorities that administer occupation policy of Japan and postwar East Asia. GHQ/SCAP was in charge of coordinating processing of war between Britain, China and the Soviet Union while represents United States as a General Headquarters of Pacific Army. After the war, South Korea was independent. However, the Allies assumed the trusteeship, and to find ways to realize about this. And United States was looking for future measures for Koreans in Japan during the Pacific War. U.S. State Department was discussed issues of repatriating Overseas Koreans and their nationality. U.S. State Department decided to neglect adapt to Repatriation of Koreans in Japan. Meanwhile, they was concerned that the korean will remain in Japan to be ‘unstable elements’ or ‘threat power’. Repatriation of Koreans progressed incidentally to the Repatriation of the Japanese after World WarⅡ. And Return of Koreans in Japan have slowed since 1946. GHQ/SCAP was actively promoting the repatriation of Koreans. On the other hand, GHQ/SCAP is implement policies to Koreans that it was oppressive and discriminatory enforce. This gave a great antipathy to the Koreans in Japan. Koreans is reduced who hope to return to oneself’s country. And It was resulted that Koreans in Japan oranized ethnic groups and to resist aggressively. U.S. Army Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK) make several times requested for temporary postpone of repatriation. At that time, USAMGIK cited the increasing of economical and social unrest. Koreans in japan were recognized as an obstacle of the occupation policy, the government did not accept the request. Rather to eased regulation of repatriation for facilitate the repatriation of Koreans. GHQ took an aggressive stance on security control, Also, Japanese government took as an opportunity for control to Korean in japan. Police organization of Japanese government checked Korean explicitly and secured the control to Korean. Japanese society also derogatory and condemning the Korean, and pressured for minorities went. About 600,000 Korean in Japan remain in the Japan, they made prototype of Korean community in Japan.

Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the signi?cance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.

In the modern society various types of transportation mode are utilized, among them the subway system is the one of the main transportation mode which more than 7.21 million people ride a day. Because of interests on the indoor air quality (IAQ) of underground public facilities, concerns on IAQ of subway system by many people are increasing. There are several approach to improve IAQ of subway station, such as installing platform screen door (PSD), frequent tunnel washing-out, and etc, however there has not been any attempt to improve IAQ of subway cabin inside. Most technologies for removing airborne particulate matters are known to be difficult to adopt on the subway cabin since the problem of maintenance cost. Therefore, the ultimate object of this study is a practical development of cabin air cleaning system which can reduce the concentration of airborne particles and harmful gases at the same time. The subway cabin air purifier (SCAP) was developed for removing particulate matters and gases pollutants inside a cabin. The whole system was designed and the roll-filter device was manufactured based on numerical prediction results. It is expected that SCAP could reduce indoor air pollutants in the subway cabin practically and it can be applied to other part of transportation vehicles.

The 129 public institutions in Korea are subject to Information Security Management Condition Evaluation (ISMCE) as a part of the government management evaluation system by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. ISMCE is started in 2006 with the central government institutions, and applied to the all public institutions in 2009. This evaluation is annually conducted by the National Intelligence Service through the site visits, and the number of the evaluated institutions is increasing year by year. However, the process of ISMCE - identifying existing vulnerabilities in the information system - is conducted manually. To improve this inconvenience, this paper introduces the various evaluation system in the major countries, especially in the United States, and analyzes the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) by NIST. SCAP is automation protocol for the system vulnerability management (in technical fields) and security policy compliance evaluation. Based on SCAP, this paper suggests an improvement plan for the ISMCE of Korea.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a leading cause of disability globally. Although iron accumulation in arthritic lesions has been observed in patients with RA, its specific contribution to disability outcomes remains unclear. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive multiomics approach to elucidate the impact and underlying mechanisms of iron overload in RA. First, clinical radiology in an RA cohort reveals a positive correlation between elevated ferrous iron levels in synovial fluid and joint damage extent. Iron chelator DFO administration significantly alleviates bone destruction in the K/BxN serum-transfer induced arthritis mice model. In terms of cellular function, we identify the aggressive migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) induced by excess iron utilizing a humanized synovitis model. Mechanistically, the multiomics integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicates the enriched lipid synthesis pathway in the FLS response to iron exposure. The lipid transcription factor SREBP1 is particularly highly expressed in RA-FLSs, and its genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition markedly mitigates the pathogenic effects of iron overload both in vitro and in vivo. At the molecular level, iron regulatory protein IRP1 enhances the translation of SREBP1 adapter protein SCAP by disengaging from its mRNA 5′ untranslated region upon iron stimulation. This process facilitates SREBP1 cleavage and activation, driving the upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Our findings elucidate the IRP1?SCAP axis as a critical modulator of lipid metabolic reprogramming in aggressive FLSs, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target for RA by modulating the ‘iron?lipid’ crosstalk.

The diabetic environment, characterized by hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products and cerebral insulin resistance, triggers pathological astrocytic responses that contribute to cognitive decline in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Cholesterol accumulation in the brain, particularly in astrocytes, contributes to this pathological process. SCAP, a cholesterol sensor involved in lipid imbalances, regulates metabolic diseases, but its role in astrocytes remains unclear. C57BL/6J wild-type and astrocyte-specific SCAP knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Behavioral tests and hippocampal histology were performed at 28?weeks. We investigated the NF-κB?C3 signaling pathway to elucidate how SCAP induces pathological astrocytic responses under diabetic conditions. Cognitive function was assessed in patients with T2DM using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). We found elevated SCAP expression in the astrocytes of T2DM mice, correlated with cognitive dysfunction, impaired synaptic plasticity and altered astrocyte morphology. These effects were mitigated in astrocyte-specific SCAP knockout mice. SCAP elevation activates NF-κB by recruiting IκBα to the Golgi apparatus, promoting C3 transcription. Conversely, the inhibition of SCAP suppressed NF-κB activation. In patients with T2DM, serum C3 levels were higher in those with mild cognitive impairment, showing a U-shaped correlation with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. These findings uncover a critical regulatory axis underlying astrocytic dysfunction, where SCAP mediates pathological astrocytic responses via the NF-κB?C3 pathway, with the Golgi acting as the platform for SCAP-driven activation. Here we highlight the interaction between cholesterol disorders and pathological astrocytic responses, presenting SCAP as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.

Purpose Decision-making for treatment of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) is complex due to the multiple initial treatment modalities available. We aimed to externally validate the SCaP (Severance Study Group of Prostate Cancer) Survival Calculator that incorporates a long short-term memory artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate survival outcomes of PCa according to initial treatment modality. Materials and Methods The validation cohort consisted of clinicopathological data of 4,415 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven PCa between April 2005 and November 2018 at three institutions. Area under the curves (AUCs) and time-to-event calibration plots were utilized to determine the predictive accuracies of the SCaP Survival Calculator in terms of progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC)?free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Results Excellent discrimination was observed for CRPC-free survival, CSS, and OS outcomes, with AUCs of 0.962, 0.944, and 0.884 for 5-year outcomes and 0.959, 0.928, and 0.854 for 10-year outcomes, respectively. The AUC values were higher for all survival endpoints compared to those of the development cohort. Calibration plots showed that predicted probabilities of 5-year survival endpoints had concordance comparable to those of the observed frequencies. However, calibration performances declined for 10-year predictions with an overall underestimation. Conclusion The SCaP Survival Calculator is a reliable and useful tool for determining the optimal initial treatment modality and for guiding survival predictions for patients with newly diagnosed PCa. Further modifications in the ANN model incorporating cases with more extended follow-up periods are warranted to improve the ANN model for long-term predictions.

연합국 최고사령관 총사령부에 설치된 특별참모부의 관할 지역은 일본과 더불어 한반도 남부지역을 포괄하고 있었다. 이것은 점령행정을 담당할 중앙 군정 기구로서 직접적인 관할에 두어졌다기보다는, 현지를 점령한 점령군으로서 미국 태평양 육군의 점령 관할지로서 먼저 형성되었기 때문이었다고 할 수 있다. 이는 미국 태평양 육군 총사령부 내에 조직되었던 군정국이 직접통치를 전제로 설치되었고, 이 조건 속에서 제24군단이 점령한 한반도 남부에 직접 군정이 설치되면서 주한미군정이 설치되었다는 점과 깊은 연관을 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 한편, 일본의 경우에는 간접통치로 정책이 변경되었지만, 중앙 군정기구 대신에 연합국 최고사령관 총사령부가 설치되었던 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 이 과정에서 점령부대가 관할하는 지역의 군정 상황에 대해 연합국 최고사령관 총사령부는 미국 태평양 육군 총사령관이기도 했던 맥아더 사령관에 조언할 필요가 발생했다. 이런 점은 지방 군정기구가 일관된 편제로 일본은 물론 한반도 남부에까지 전개된 상황이나, 검열지대의 운영이 양 지역을 포괄하고 있었다는 점에서도 확인할 수있을 것이다.

The nine special staff members of the GHQ/SCAP had jurisdiction over the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, along with Japan. This was first formed as an occupation force and a control point for the occupation of the U.S. Pacific Army rather than as a direct jurisdiction as a central military governmental organization. In other words, the USAFIK was established on the premise of direct rule by the military government, which was organized within the GHQ/AFPAC, and under this condition, the USAFIK was established by the direct military regime on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula occupied by the XXIV Corps. Keywords