Earticle

The exclusion rules of the illegal-obtained evidences in a way of stipulating “non-available evidences for verdict” in China are a kind of result control instead of process control. Therefore, illegal evidence exclusion, interpreted as that illegal evidence “shall be excluded from the program” in court is a paralogism. On the one hand, the illegal evidence exclusion from the proceedings is only for similar evidence to take off the “illegal” coat or to put on a “legal” vest; on the other hand, it will be truly beneficial to the defendant, to focus on reasoning out the inadmissibility characteristics of the illegal evidence in the judgment, and further to convert the issue of admissibility of the illegal evidence to reductive application of probative force.

我国 “不得作为定案根据” 的非法证据排除规则是一种结果控制, 而不是过程控制, 因此, 非法证 据排除, 被解释为将非法证据当庭 “从程序上予以排除” 是一种逻辑倒错。 一方面, 将非法证据排除 于程序之外只不过是让同类证据脱下了 “非法” 外套或者换了一个 “合法” 马甲而已。 另一方面, 侧 重于将非法证据不可采的特征在判决书之中进行说理, 并进一步通过将非法证据的证据能力问题 转化为证明力规则的减等适用才可能真正让被告人得实惠。

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), altered perception of bodily sensations, and somatization in the etiology of overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: A total of 124 participants were included in the study. The case group consisted of 63 female patients diagnosed with OAB, and the control group comprised 61 age-matched healthy females. Demographic data were collected from all par ticipants. All participants completed the OAB Questionnaire-V8 (OABQ-V8), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44), Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), and Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, education, or marital status. The OAB group demonstrated significantly higher scores on the OABQ-V8, OBQ-44, BSQ, and SSAS. Furthermore, the OABQ V8 score exhibited a significant positive correlation with the OBQ-44, BSQ, and SSAS scores. Conclusions: This study offers a new perspective on the psychological aspects of OAB, suggesting that OAB symptoms may result from heightened bodily sensations and subsequent somatization associated with OCD.

본 연구는 재무제표의 감사의견과 내부회계관리제도에 대한 검토결과에 따라 국내 유가증권 및 코스닥 상장법인을 4그룹으로 분류하여 각 그룹에 속한 기업들에 대한 감사위험을 감사시간과 감사보수를 통하여 실증 분석하고, 현행 내부회계관리제도가 효과적으로 운영되고 있는지에 대한 시사점을 제공하는데 연구목적이 있다. 검증결과, 재무제표에 대한 감사의견 및 내부회계관리제도에 대한 검토결과가 비적정 및 비표준보고인 기업은 그렇지 않은 기업과 감사시간에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 감사보수에 대하여는 유의한 차이가 발생하였다. 또한, 재무제표의 감사의견과 내부회계관리제도에 대한 검토결과가 비적정 및 비표준보고인 기업의 주요변수에 대한 통계량을 분석하여 각 그룹별 기업특성에 따른 감사위험을 분석하였다. 실증분석에서 감사시간의 변화를 동반하지 않은 감사보수의 변화는 감사위험에 대한 보상으로 해석될 수 있으며, 각 그룹별 감사위험 분석은 이러한 해석을 뒷받침 해 주었다. 또한, 실증분석을 통해 내부회계관리제도의 검토결과가 감사시간에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 내부회계관리제도에 대한 검토결과가 감사인의 감사절차에 영향을 미치지 않음을 의미하며, 이를 통해 현행 내부회계관리제도가 그 실효성을 다하지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

In this paper, we classify the sample companies into four groups according to their audit opinion and internal control review result. The purpose of this study is to examine the audit risk of the four groups through audit hours and audit fee and to give information on whether current internal control system is efficient. We found that the companies with the non-unqualified opinion of their financial audits or non-standard internal control review reports pay statistically significant audit fee compared to the companies with unqualified and standard report in financial audits and internal control review results, respectively. However, we do not found statistically significant results in audit hours. We also statistically analyze characteristics of each group by using financial data and estimate audit risk of each group through such characteristics. According to prior literature, changes in audit fee without changes in audit hour suggest that auditors consider audit risk of their client companies. Our analyses of characteristics of each group can provide the ground of such interpretation. The results also indicate that the results of internal control reviews have no effect on audit hours suggesting that the results of internal control reviews have no influence on financial audit procedure. The results of these analyses would be interpreted as ineffective operations of the existing internal control review systems.

Since being granted permission for self-assessment of the work environment by the Department of Labor in 1992, POSCO's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory has participated in domestic and Foreign Quality Control Programs 8 times and has obtained remarkable results. It has made a lot of effort to be a proficient laboratory with the ability to observe and analyse environmental monitoring data. The summary of results is as follows: 1. POSCO's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory has received a "P(Proficient)" grade from the round 115 to round 119 of AIHA/NIOSH PAT Program for analysis of such metals as lead, cadmium, zinc, and chromium, and also has received a "P(Proficient)" grade from its round 119 of for organic solvent analysis, i,e,. Trichloroethylene(TCE), Carbon Tetr-achloride(CTC), 1,2-Dichloroethane(DCE), 1,1,1-Trichloroethane(MCM), Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), Chloroform(CFM), Benzene(BNZ), toluene(TOL), and O-xylene(OXY). 2. In the Quality Control Evaluation Program performed by the Industrial Health Research Institute,Korea Industrial Safety Corporation, POSCO has passed impressively in the3-metal analysis test for lead, cadmium, cupper, and in the 6 organic solvent analysis test for Benzene(BNZ), toluene(TOL), O-xylene(OXY), Trichloroethylene(TCE) and Methyl isobutyl keton(MIBK), n-Hexane with 2 standard deviations. These analytic techniques should be practically applied to various fields, and reliable results of environmental monitoring should be considered to improve the work environment and to keep workers from occupation related diseases.

목적 : 백내장 수술 시에 사용자조절소프트웨어를 이용한 초단속 초음파 방법이 효과적이고 안전한지를 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 : 서로 다른 초음파 전달 방식인 지속적인 초음파 방법과 초단속 초음파 방법을 사용하여 백내장 수술을 시행한 560안을 초음파 전달방식에 따라 두 군으로 나눈 뒤 같은 정도의 핵경화도를 가진 4개의 하위 군별로 술 후 1병일, 2달 후의 시력을 비교하고 술 전과 술 후 2달의 각막내피세포를 평가하여 그 손실 정도 및 육면체률을 비교하였으며, 술 중 사용된 총 초음파에너지량은 절대 초음파 시간으로 비교하였다. 결과 : 술 후 시력 및 각막내피세포수의 감소는 모든 핵경화도에서 통계학적으로 차이가 없었다. 그러나 술 후 2달째 각막내피세포 중 육면체률은 핵경화도 3, 4군에서 초단속 방법을 사용했을 때 지속적인 방법을 사용했을 때 보다 의미있게 높았으며 초음파의 총 에너지량은 핵경화도 1, 2, 3군에서 초단속 방법을 사용했을 때 지속적인 방법을 사용했을 때 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 적었다. 결론 : 사용자조절소프트웨어를 이용한 백내장 수술은 단점 없이 총 초음파에너지량과 각막내피손상을 줄일 수 있어 수술 예후에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. <한안지 47(5):735-739, 2006>

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the hyperpulse phaco mode based on the custom control software with those of the conventional continuous phaco mode. Methods: This study included 560 eyes of 496 patients, which were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of phacoemulsification. Each group was further stratified into 4 groups according to their nuclear opacity. The following parameters were compared between groups having the same degree of nuclear opacity: the best corrected visual acuity preoperatively, at 1 day and 2 months postoperatively, the change of endothelial cell count and hexagonality preoperatively and at 2 months postoperatively, as well as the total phaco energy used in the operation. Results: There were no significant differences in visual acuity between control and experiment groups. As for change in endothelial cell count, there were also no statisticallysignificant differences. Hexagonality was significantly higher in the nuclear opacity groups 3 and 4 of the hyperpulse mode than those of the continuous mode. The absolute phaco time was significantly less in the nuclear opacity groups 1, 2 and 3 of the hyperpulse mode than those of the continuous mode. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification using the custom control software showed an advantage decrease in the total phaco energy and corneal endothelial cell damage. This result will improve the postoperative prognosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 47(5):735-739, 2006

ATC/ATO/TWC System is the used for the train operation instead of drivels. It is interfaced with train, train equipment, wayside facilities. In this paper described configuration signaling system, construction of signaling system software and structure of system safety. This paper describes the method of performing automatic driving by ATC/ATO/TWC. Also, reported test result for mainline static test and mainline running test.

TCMS(Train Control ＆ Management System) control monitor and test the main on-board equipments including propulsion/brake unit by the serial transmission line. TCMS reduces interface circuits and number of train lines by the software logic and utilizing serial communication method. This paper describes the method of powering and braking control by TCMS software logic, and the software logic is verified by running test at Seoul Subway Line＃ 6. By running test result, we can see TCMS successfully control Powering/Braking of train

The purposes of this research are, first, to investigate the present condition of indoor thermal environment in winter. Second, to find out how residents' knowledge, consciousness, and behavior changed after provided with education and information of indoor climate. Finally, to reveal how this changes make alteration to their indoor environment. Thirty apartments were collected, and then divided into three groups as Control Group, Education Group, and Edu-information Group in order to conduct the purposes. Provided education and environmental information turn out to have a positive effect to residents' knowledge, consciousness, and behavior, and consequently, it leads residents to control their indoor environment more actively in some cases. Thus, it is important to provide residents with environmental education and information, and it should be conducted regularly in order to maximize the positive effect of education since it tends to decrease as time goes by.

EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) is the ability of an electronic device that operates properly in its intended electromagnetic environment and not be a source of pollution to that environment. The designer anticipates EMC problems at beginning of the process and finds remaining problems in early prototype stages, and tests the final prototypes for EMC as thoroughly as possible. This is a more cost-effective method. In this paper, it analyzes EMC problems that were appeared in actual measurement of electric power control device and presents reduction technique of these problems.

This study is implemented to figure out the mobile advertisement responses by the interaction when exposed to advertisement from the smartphone environment. Research result, we verified that how smart phone user react on impulse buying by response of mobile advertisement from self control and self effect. when realized on self control and self efficacy, the result is positive for interaction recognized but trust on advertisement and advertisement avoidance are not appear on the advertisement. So the advertisement is not accepted as information at smart phone condition. Finally for the impulsive buying, advertisement trust and advertisement avoidance are same result as we expected. Therefore we realized that advertisement trust and advertisement avoidance are effect on impulsive buying. In this research, the most important thing is that we figure out what is effect facts for the impulsive buying and how relate each other.

오늘날 위성은 통신, 기상, 해양탐사, 광학, 레이다등 민수분야에서 군사분야까지 폭넓게 적용되어 그 유용성이 점점 더 증가되고 있다. 또한, 부품기술의 발달로 위성 전장품의 기능도 더욱 능동적인 형태로 진화되고 있다. 위성선진국에서는 통신위성의 중계기 효율을 증가시키고, 간섭신호를 제거하여 가입자 서비스 품질을 유지하기 위해서 디지털중계기를 탑재하고 있다. 디지털중계기는 다양한 기능구현을 위해 신호처리용 부품들을 다수 사용한다. 따라서, 기존의 수동형 중계기에 비해 많은 전력을 소모하여 더 높은 발열 상태를 유지한다. 본 논문에서는 우주인증모델(EQM)급으로 자체 제작된 디지털중계기 열진공 시험결과의 성능을 분석한다. 열진공시험과정중 디지털중계기의 기능검증을 위해 디지털 이득조정 시험결과를 제시한다. 또한, 열진공 시험결과를 근거로 주요부품의 부하경감(Derating)을 분석하여 디지털중계기 설계의 적절성을 논의한다.

Recently, the usage of the satellite is increased more and more in the areas that are communication, weather, marine, optical, radar etc. The functions of the Satellite are evolving from passive transponder to active transponder by the developing of a technology. Advanced countries in satellites install the DCAMP for increase of bandwidth efficiency, improvement of QoS by interference rejection. DCAMP includes many digital components in order to implement functions. Thus, these kinds of active transponders consume much more power compared to passive transponder and then increase the heat. In this paper, we discuss the TVAC test result of DCAMP in EQM(Engineering Qualification Model) level. The paper shows the test results of digital gain control in order to verify DCAMP status under the TVAC test. In addition, the temperature and heat condition of main components from viewpoint of derating will be treated through the official environment test for qualification.

ITER AC/DC Converter의 부하는 초전도 코일이며 이에 필요한 컨버터는 총 6종류(2상한:TF, 4상한:PF, CS, VS, CCU/L, CCS)가 있다. 이중 VS 컨버터(${\pm}1050V$, ${\pm}22.5kA$)는 6대가 직렬로 접속되어 운전되고 CS 컨버터(${\pm}1050V$, ${\pm}4.5kA$)는 4대가 직렬로 접속되어 운전한다. 이들 컨버터용 제어기의 개발 단계에서 실 부하상태를 준비하는 것은 어렵기 때문에 $RTDS^{TM}$ (Real Time Digital Simulator)를 이용하여 제어 대상인 High Power 부분과 초전도 코일의 동적 시스템 모델을 HILS(Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation)로 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 HILS 구축에 대한 상세한 내용과 이를 활용하여 Control 시스템을 검증한 결과를 서술하였다.