Earticle

Through recent instances of satellite hacking threats and the development of satellite security technologies in foreign countries, this study suggests the direction of the development of satellite cybersecurity in the domestic defense sector. Satellites currently operating in Earth's orbit are an important element that cannot be missed out in modern society, and are usually used for various purposes such as communication, transportation, weather forecasting, and military purposes. However, as the space industry becomes active and the number of small satellites increases, the threat to cyber hacking is also on the rise. Here, satellite hacking not only threatens national security and military operations, but it can also have negative effects at the national level, which in turn is directly linked to economic losses. As such, cybersecurity of satellites is very important in the operation of satellites, but the current cybersecurity system relies on a one-way information and communication network, making it difficult to continue patching or upgrading the security system, and security weaknesses also exist due to the absence of a supply chain security management system. Accordingly, we wanted to present a realistic solution to provide confidentiality and stability against satellite hacking threats by describing the direction of development of satellite cybersecurity in our defense field through the development of confidential communication satellite technology using the U.S. Department of Defense's satellite jamming prevention system (OCX), the European Union, and quantum cryptography technology (QKD).

양자기술의 발전에 따라 기존의 암호화는 취약점이 될 수 있다. 고전적인 수학적 어려움의 암호화 방식을 양자 키 분배(QKD)로 대체하여 발생할 수 있는 취약점을 보완하여야 한다. Q-IPsec(Quantum-IPsec)은 2021년 한국과학 기술정보연구원에 의해 제안된 개념으로, 양자 환경에서 안전한 키 교환을 위해 적용 가능한 IPsec 시스템을 의미 한다. IPSec의 기능적 장점과 키 교환의 취약점을 양자 키 교환으로 보완한다면 중요한 여러 분야에서 활용이 가 능할 것이다. 양자정보통신 기술과 시장은 진입장벽이 높고 경제⋅사회적 부가가치가 매우 높아 핵심기술 확보를 위해 세계 각국이 치열한 경쟁을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 변화와 기대의 양자정보통신 시대에 Q-IPSec을 활용 한 다양한 분야를 알아보고자 한다.

With the development of quantum technology, existing encryption can become a weakness. By replacing the encryption method of classical mathematical difficulties with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), vulnerabilities that may occur should be supplemented. Q-IPsec (Quantum-IPsec) is a concept proposed by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information in 2021 and refers to an IPsec system applicable for secure key exchange in a quantum environment. If the functional strength of IPSec and the weakness of key exchange are supplemented with quantum key exchange, it will be able to be utilized in many important fields. Quantum information and communication technologies and markets have high entry barriers and very high economic and social added value, so countries around the world are competing fiercely to secure core technologies. In this paper, we are going to investigate the various fields using Q-IPSec in the era of quantum information communication of change and expectation.

본 논문은 양자 키 분배 시스템에서의 보안성을 증폭시키기 위한 유니버셜 랜덤 해쉬 함수의 개념을 소개하고 양자 오류 정정과 보안 사이의 관계를 이용하여 보안성 증폭을 제공하는 것을 보인다. 또한, 보안성 증폭 측면에서 접근 방식이 위상 오차 보정 방식을 소개하며 위상 오차 방식이 다른 방식보다 더 나은 보안성을 제시한다는 것을 보인다. 양자 키 분배의 대표적인 예인 BB84 프로토콜을 이용하여 유니버셜 해시 함수가 보안성을 강화하는 과정을 설명한다. 마지막으로 랜덤 프라 이버시 증폭을 사용하는 BB84 프로토콜이 동일한 오류율을 가지는 Mayers의 성능보다 높은 키 레이트를 가지는 것을 보여 보안성이 강화된 것을 확인한다.

This paper introduces the concept of a random universal hash function to amplify security in a quantum key distribution system. It seems to provide security amplification using the relationship between quantum error correction and security. In addition, the approach in terms of security amplification shows that phase error correction offers better security. We explain how the universal hash function enhances security using the BB84 protocol, which is a typical example of QKD(Quantum Key Distribution). Finally, we show that the BB84 protocol using random privacy amplification is safe at higher key rates than Mayers' performance at the same error rate.

Data Aggregation Scheduling in Ubiquitous sensor networks is a major research interest for many researchers with the objective of reducing energy consumption and maximizing the network lifetime. Also the capacity of a channel for transmitting quantum states called the quantum capacity should be maximized,The sensor nodes should periodically forward data to the base station. Since battery power and bandwidth are the two resources to be effectively utilized the sensor nodes forwards data to the nearest neighbor node which inturn forwards the data to its neighbors and this repeats until all the sensors data aggregates at the base station. In a large network scheduling the sensor nodes for forwarding the data is very much essential and since the topology of the USN changes dynamically , finding such a schedule is also very difficult. In [1] the authors proposed a bosonic network model for communication. In this paper we present a quantum bosonic data aggregation method for constructing the optimal schedule of nodes for data aggregation called QBDAS (Quantum Boson Data aggregation scheduling) protocol. The main idea is to search a optimal schedule through utilizing the observable or measurable physical properties the network topology.

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a secure key sharing technology with unconditional security. Certain well-known protocols for QKD have been presented, which claim their security by means of higher eavesdropping error-rates. A generalized quantum key distribution protocol that can be optimized for arbitrary number of bases and dimensions of photon states is presented in this paper. The protocol can provide higher eavesdropping error-rates than the well-known existing QKD protocols like BB84 [4] and B92 [5]. The higher error-rate makes it possible for Alice and Bob to share secure keys on relatively large distances.