Earticle

Purpose: Falls and medication errors are the most common patient safety incidents globally. Kolb’s experiential learning theory supports the application of cognitive learning in clinical settings. This study examined the effectiveness of Experiential Learning?Based Fall and Medication Error Prevention Education (EFMPE), utilizing virtual reality and room of errors. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 28 fourth-year nursing students (15 experimental, 13 control). The experimental group participated in EFMPE from February 1 to 6, 2024, comprising six sessions of 2 hours each. The control group received traditional lectures. Safety control confidence and course interest were measured before and immediately after the intervention; safety control confidence was reassessed 6 weeks later. Results: Both groups showed immediate improvement; however, only the experimental group sustained increased safety control confidence after 6 weeks (Wald χ2=13.21, p<.001). Course interest was significantly higher in the experimental group post-intervention (Wald χ2=10.64, p=.001). Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that EFMPE potentially supports the prevention of falls and medication errors in clinical practice.

The goal of this research was to find out the effect of dispensing error prevention program on the incidence of the error in a university hospital pharmacy in Daegu. Dispensing error in this research was defined as the error identified during double-checking process, so it does not mean that the wrong dispensing was administered to patient. Drug name error was the most frequently found error, accounting for about one third of all dispensing errors, and was followed by counting error, strength error, dosage form error, and others. Similar drug name was identified as the most frequent reason for the error, taking up about two thirds of all drug name errors. In this research, six months of dispensing error prevention program resulted in statistically significant reduction of dispensing error by 42 percent. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital pharmacy implement such prevention program regularly to reduce the incidence of the error. Finally, it appears that drug approval authority should closely check the similar drug names and have power to command pharmaceutical company to change the name if pertinent.

온실가스 감축을 위한 탄소은행제는 개별 가구들의 온실가스 감축 노력에 대한인센티브를 제공하기 위하여 최근에 국내에 도입되어 운영되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 개별 인센티브 제도가 에너지 사용 절감 효과에 얼마나 기여했는지에 대한실증연구는 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 연구는 광주광역시에서 실시하고 있는 탄소은행제가 가정용 전력수요를 구조적으로 감소시켰는지를 시계열 계량모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 단위근 및 공적분 검증을 실시한 결과 시계열이 공적분 관계에 있기 때문에 오차항 수정모형을 이용한 FM-OLS 추정법을 이용하여가정용 전력수요를 추정하였다. 분석 결과 탄소은행제가 가정용 전력수요를 구조적으로 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

As one of the CO2 emission reduction programs, the carbon banking program is designed to encourage individual efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. In this program, consumers earn eco-points that can be used to buy other goods and services if they reduce consumption on electricity, town gas, and source water. We estimated household electricity demand for Gwangju and examined if the carbon banking program affected significantly the household electricity demand. We found that monthly time series on electricity demand, electricity price, town gas price, population, and per capita gross regional income have cointegration relations. Thus we used fully modified error correction model (FMOLS) to examine the effect of carbon banking program on the household electricity demand. We found that the carbon banking program reduces significantly electricity demand.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a morphine overdose patient care simulation education program on nursing students’ error reporting intention, disclosure self-efficacy, patient safety attitude, and ethical decision-making confidence. Method: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest?posttest?follow-up design was used with 44 senior nursing students enrolled in a nursing management simulation course. Participants completed a simulation program incorporating error reporting, disclosure, and ethical decision-making. Data were collected at pretest, posttest, and a 4-week follow-up and analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: All outcome variables significantly improved over time. Compared with pretest scores, error reporting intention significantly increased at posttest and follow-up (β=.415, p=.001; β=.401, p<.001). Disclosure self-efficacy also increased at posttest and follow-up (β=.523, p=.002; β=.541, p=.001), as did patient safety attitude (β=.260, p<.001; β=.292, p=.003) and ethical decision-making confidence (β=.381, p=.002; β=.505, p<.001). No significant differences were found between posttest and follow-up. Conclusion: The program was associated with improvements in nursing students’ error reporting intention, disclosure self-efficacy, patient safety attitude, and ethical decision-making confidence. These findings suggest that the program may help strengthen nursing students’ competencies in responding to patient safety incidents.

국민기초생활보장제도의 시행 초기부터 제기되어온 사각지대와 부정수급집단의 특성을 파악하고자 한 본 논문은 차상위실태조사자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 기존 문헌연구를 통해 사각지대(적격비수급 집단)와 부정수급집단(부적격수급 집단)이 발생하는 원인에 대해 수급자 측면의 욕구 및 낙인감 가설과 행정측면의 외형적 편의지표 의존가설이란 두 가지 가설을 제시하였고, 각각에 대해 다시 두 개씩의 하위 가설을 제시하였다. 차상위실태조사자료에서 적격비수급 집단, 부적격수급 집단, 적격수급 집단 등 3개 집단을 가려내고 이 3개 집단 중 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 적격비수급 집단과 부적격수급 집단을 각각 비교하여 그 특성 차이를 분석하였다. 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 적격비수급 집단을 비교한 결과 낙인감이 클수록 적격비수급 집단에 속할 가능성이 높아진다는 가설과 부양의무자가 존재가 행정담당자들의 편의적 판단과 결부되어 사각지대 발생 가능성을 높인다는 가설이 모두 지지 되었다. 이에 반해 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 부적격수급 집단의 특성을 비교한 결과 미충족 욕구가 클수록 부적격수급집단으로 편성될 가능성이 높다는 가설은 지지되지 못했지만, 근로능력을 가진 자가 불완전한 자산조사로 인해 부적격수급 집단으로 남을 가능성이 높다는 행정측면의 외형적 편의지표 의존가설은 지지되었다.

This paper tests the stigma hypothesis and administration hypothesis on the illegal take-up group and non take-up group in the National Livelihood Security Program. A set of survey data, using multinomial logistic model, was analyzed for this purpose. Compared with the legal take-up group, the feature of illegal take-up group which has more workable household supports the administration hypothesis - the low skill of means-test office would increase the possibility of benefit fraud. The features of non take-up group support both the stigma hypothesis - the stigma prevents eligible person from participating in the social assistance program, and the administration hypothesis - the administration office is apt to make error to deny the eligibility of person who has supposed family supporters.

초등학교 SW교육의 내용은 컴퓨터과학을 기반으로 하는 언플러그드교육을 적합한 교육방안으로 제시하고 있다. 언플러그드교육에 주된 구성요소인 정보표현 교육 내용 중 데이터 에러 검출과 수정에 대한 교육자료와 교수법이 부족하여 우리나라 학교 현장에 도입하기에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 주제와 관련된 선행 연 구를 바탕으로 초등 고학년의 발달단계에 적합한 교육자료를 개발하였다. 학습모형은 학습자의 자기 주도적 문 제해결 탐구과정과 조별 활동중심학습으로 구성 하였다.

CS Unplugged education at the base of computer science is emphasized as an instrument for teaching the basic principles of Elementary SW education. One of the main components of CS Unplugged education is the digital education, and this materials for elementary education are very lacking. So We’ll present the data error detection and correction materials for elementary school classes. Learning model is a process of self-directed problem solving process and group activity-based learning.

Blood pattern analysis is a technique that analyzes the size, location, shape, and distribution of blood pattern distributed at the scene of the incident to reveal the cause of the bleeding, and reconstructs a series of actions in chronological order. At the site of the bloodshed, gush, cast-off, impact spatter, expectorate, which are blood marks caused by projected, are observed in the classification system by the generation mechanism. In order to find the area of the origin of these bloodstains and to reconstruct the site, analysts are training using laser protractors and string connections or using a program called Hemospat to find the convergence point of the space, which is the price position. This study ignored gravity and air resistance, and compared the error value of using the triangular function and Spatter Angle app with using the Hemospat program. As a result of the study, when using the triangular function and Spatter Angle app, error value is derived to be less than 2 cm if the distance is less than 40 cm and the height is less than 120 cm.

When carrying out computer programming, the process of checking and correcting errors in the source code is essential work for the completion of the program. Non-computer majors who are learning programming for the first time receive feedback from instructors to correct errors that occur when writing the source code. However, in a learning environment where the time for the learner to practice alone is long, such as an online learning environment, the learner starts to feel many difficulties in solving program errors by himself/herself. Therefore, training on how to check and correct errors after writing the program source code is necessary. In this paper, various types of errors that can occur in a Python program were described, the errors were classified into simple errors and complex errors according to the characteristics of the errors, and the distributions of errors by Python grammar category were analyzed. In addition, a coding learning process to refer error lists was designed to present a coding learning method that enables learners to solve program errors by themselves.

This paper presents an error analysis on classroom discourse of non-native Korean language teachers by focusing on their ‘teacher talk’. The purpose of this study is to analyse linguistic errors in the discourse of non-native trainees who finished a Korean language teacher training program and to present useful data for non-native Korean teacher education. Ten Korean classes were videotaped, transcribed and analysed. The results show that there are verbal errors such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary & expression and pragmatic errors, and non-verbal problems such as kinesics and paralanguage in their classroom discourse. Among the total 498 verbal errors, pronunciation errors(397, 79.7%) appeared the most frequently, and grammatic errors(79, 15.9%), vocabulary & expression errors(11, 2.2%) and pragmatic errors(11, 2.2%) appeared with subsequent frequency. As for non-verbal aspects, problems in gesture, facial expression, posture, and oculesics were observed in two teachers' behaviors, and intonation problems were observed in most of the teachers' discourse. According to the results of the research, their linguistic problems could cause such negative influences on the classroom interaction process as: 1) inaccurate input, 2) inappropriate feedback, and 3) communication breakdowns in teacher-student interactions.

At the conclusion from the hypothesis testing, there is a possibility of making Type I error and Type II error. The purpose of this article is to use this program in statistics teaching through developing the program for studying on the concept about these two errors, two kinds of the probability of errors by the variation of rejection region, two kinds of the probability of errors by the variation of sample size, the relations of the probability $\alpha$ and $\beta$ by these two errors, and power function, power curve.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an error reporting promoting program(ERPP) to systematically reduce the incidence rate of nursing errors in operating room. Methods. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Twenty-six operating room nurses who were in one university hospital in Busan participated in this study. They were stratified into four groups according to their operating room experience and were allocated to the experimental and control groups using a matching method. Mann-Whitney U Test was used to analyze the differences pre and post incidence rates of nursing errors between the two groups. Results. The incidence rate of nursing errors decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the pre-test score from 28.4% to 15.7%. The incidence rate by domains, it decreased significantly in the 3 domains-"compliance of aseptic technique", "management of document", "environmental management" in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group which was applied ordinary error-reporting method. Conclusion. Error-reporting system can make possible to hold the errors in common and to learn from them. ERPP was effective to reduce the errors of recognition-related nursing activities. For the wake of more effective error-prevention, we will be better to apply effort of risk management along the whole health care system with this program.

Purpose: We aimed to develop a program for error disclosure for emergency medicine (EM) residents to determine its effects. Methods: Fifteen EM residents participated in 2020. The program included two-error disclosure sessions using standardized patients (SPs), a didactic lecture, and debriefing. The Kirkpatrick model was used to evaluate this program. Satisfaction scores and narrative reactions were collected (level 1). Residents were asked to choose their actions and explain reasons for the representative error cases before and after the program (level 2). After 2 months, they were asked to write their experiences of disclosing errors to real patients (level 3). The differences in the disclosing communication scores allocated by the SPs were compared between the senior and junior residents. Results: The residents’ satisfaction scores were high. Before the program, some residents chose not to disclose errors when there were no harmful sequelae at the time of the incident. After the program, opinions changed, and the residents thought that all errors should be disclosed. Before the program, most residents disclosed the errors to patients first; after the program, they would report to the hospital first to receive guidance. After 2 months, five residents reported disclosing errors to real patients. The senior residents’ total scores and the scores for “prevention of future errors” were higher. Conclusion: The residents showed confidence in error disclosure while maintaining rapport with the real patient, and some were satisfied with their disclosure approach. Our error disclosure program for EM residents had a positive effect on their behavior and attitude toward error disclosure.

The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which foreign language learners can improve their writing capacities using a specific set of online instruction materials, the error-correction program online essay writing tool. Several years ago, the online error-correction program feedback tool was adopted by a number of universities in Korea. Since then, many instructors have started using online methods to teach writing. The error-correction program provides students with immediate essay feedback using tools that can analyze and critique writing automatically. 106 intermediate English university students participate in the study. 53 students participated in control group and 53 students participated in experimental group (Using Criterion group).

방사선 치료 시 환자 호흡에 의한 치료부위의 움직임 영향을 줄이기 위해 환자 복부에 배치한 적외선 반사체 표식자의 호흡에 따른 주기적 움직임을 분석하여 안정된 일정 영역에서만 방사선이 조사되도록 하는 호흡연동 방사선치료 방법이 임상에서 활용되고 있다. 이러한 호흡연동 방사선치료에서 표식자의 운동 주기 중 안정된 특정 위상영역을 기반으로 방사선 조사 구간을 설정하는 방법은 진폭변위를 기반으로 하는 방법보다 안정적으로 치료를 수행할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 치료 시 방사선 조사 구간 내 표식자 진폭의 변화가 발생해도 설정 위상 기반영역에만 포함되면 방사선이 조사되는 경우가 발생할 수 있어, 실제 호흡량의 변위에 따른 내부 장기의 움직임 정도를 정확히 반영하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 위상기반 호흡연동 방사선치료 시 발생할 수 있는 표식자 진폭의 변화와 이로 인한 치료 부위의 움직임에 의한 오차를 분석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하여 정확성과 임상 적용 타당성을 분석하였다. 모의치료 시 설정된 방사선 조사 구간 내 가상의 진폭 변위를 주어 작성한 치료 기록 파일과 팬텀을 사용하여 임상에서 발생할 수 있는 진폭 변위의 크기와 불규칙한 변화가 발생하였을 경우의 환경 설정 후 방사선을 조사하고 생성된 치료 기록 파일들을 개발한 프로그램으로 분석하였을 때, 정확한 오차 구간의 판별과 오차 계산이 수행됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 실제 위상기반 호흡연동 방사선 치료 환자에 적용하였을 때에도 설정된 허용기준을 벗어나는 지점의 오차 영역 인식과 오차 계산이 정확히 수행됨을 확인하여, 향후 위상기반 호흡연동 방사선치료 시 발생할 수 있는 방사선 조사 구간 내 환자 호흡량의 변화로 인한 치료 표적의 변위 오차 분석에 유용한 도구로 사용될 것으로 생각된다.

The respiratory gating radiation therapy which Irradiates only in the stable respiratory period with analyzing the periodic motion of a reflective marker on the patient's abdomen has been applied to the precise radiation treatment in order to minimize the effect of organ motion induced by the respiration. This respiratory gating system establishes irradiation region using the amplitude-based or phase-based method. Although phase-based method Is preferred because of the stability in the real treatment conditions, it has some limits to explain the exact correlation between the marker motion and organ motion. Even when the variation of amplitude which can introduce target motion considered as an error is produced, the phase-based method has the possibility to irradiate including the error positions. In this study, the error analysis program was developed for the verification of the tumor position's variation correlated with the variation of marker's amplitude which can be occurred during a phase-based respiratory sating treatment. The analysis program was tested with a virtual treatment record file and with a record file using moving phantom which were modified considering the irregular amplitude's variation simulating the real clinical situations. In both cases, accurate discrimination of error points and error calculation were produced. When the treatment record files of a real patient were analyzed with the program, the accurate recognition and calculation of the error points were also verified. The analysis program developed in this study will be applied as a useful tool for the analysis of errors due to the irregular variation of patients' respiration during the phase-base respiratory gating radiation treatment.

이 논문에서는 다중 프로브 교정 시 발생하는 오차를 측정하여 보정함으로써 측정 정밀도를 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발에 대하여 연구하였다. 교정 시와 동일한 조건으로 기준구를 측정하여 오차를 산출한 다음 프로브 파라미터가 기록된 시스템 파일을 수정함으로써 교정 오차를 보정하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 실험 결과 이론값과 실제값의 차가 CMM 분해능의 2배 이내임을 확인하였으며 프로그램은 CMM 사용자가 직접 작성 및 편집 가능하도록 DMIS 언어를 사용하였다.

급속한 산업의 발달에 따른 화학산업 시설의 공정 및 설비의 세분화는 대규모의 잠재 위험성을 증가시키며, 산업현장에서는 인간의 불안전한 행동 및 상태의 잠재위험으로 인한 중대재해 사고의 우려가 더 한층 증가하고 있다.(중략)

소축척 수치지도 및 지형도 제작을 위한 자동화 처리 과정에서는 기하학적 및 논리적인 오류가 발생하고 있고, 기하학적 오류는 많은 부분에서 자동화 처리가 가능하나 논리적 오류는 논리적으로 자동 판단이 곤란한 경우가 많기 때문에 대부분 수작업으로 이루어 지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 논리적 오류문제를 해결하기 위하여 폴리곤 겹침에 대해서 도로와 건물 폴리곤간의 겹침위치를 탐색하고, 이를 처리하기 위해 유전자알고리즘을 이용하여 프로그램을 개발하였다. 그 결과 지도제작 과정에서의 논리적 오류에 대한 자동화가 가능하도록 하였고, 그로 인한 지도제작 오류를 최소화할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 장애인복지관을 중심으로 사회복지사들이 활용하고 있는 프로그램 이론을 분석하는 것이다. 프로그램 이론은 문제와 개입전략, 성과 간의 논리적 인과성을 담고 있는 메커니즘이다. 사회복지사들은 특정한 사회문제와 욕구에 개입할 때 프로그램 이론을 구축하여 실행하게 된다. 사회복지사들의 역할을 설명할 때 프로그램에 내포되어 있는 프로그램 이론이 유용한 수단이 되며, 사회복지사의 전문성과 책임성을 부각시킬 수 있는 근거가 된다. 본 연구는 사회복지사가 활용하는 프로그램 이론은 무엇인가, 표적문제에 따라 사회복지사는 어떠한 프로그램 이론을 선택하는가, 사회복지사들이 채택한 프로그램 이론의 구조가 논리적 인과성에 부합하는가의 3가지 연구문제를 가지고 프로그램 이론 및 오류를 분석하였다. 부산복지개발원에서 수집한 부산지역 장애인복지관 14곳의 프로그램 관련 자료를 확보하였으며, 총 1,152개의 프로그램에 대해서 내용분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 표적문제와 개입전략, 성과 간의 논리적 인과성의 관계를 분석한 것으로, 사회복지사들이 주로 활용하는 프로그램 이론은 ‘생물리적 문제에 대한 인지적 접근으로 생물리적 변화’였다. 개입문제에 따라 채택된 프로그램 이론의 경향은 ① 경제적 문제에 대한 기회제공으로 환경의 변화, ② 사회관계적 문제에 대한 기회제공으로 환경의 변화, ③ 생물리적 문제에 대한 인지적 접근으로 생물리적 변화, ④ 심리정서적 문제에 대한 환경적 접근으로 심리정서적 변화, ⑤ 인지적 문제에 대한 인지적 접근으로 인지적 변화, ⑥ 행동의 문제에 대한 인지적 접근으로 행동의 변화, ⑦ 환경의 문제에 대한 인지적 접근으로 환경의 변화로 나타났다. 프로그램 이론의 오류는 전체 프로그램 중에 45.1%로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 근거로 사회복지조직은 사회복지사들이 프로그램 이론을 구축할 수 있는 조직학습 시스템을 구축하고, 사회복지사들은 사회문제에 대해서 가지는 원인론에 대한 근본적인 실천적 고찰을 수행하고, 프로그램 이론 구축 및 기획과 관련한 사회복지교육을 활성화할 것을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the program theory that social workers use to focus on social welfare center for the disabled. Program theory is a mechanism that contains the logical causality between problems, intervention strategies, and outcomes. Social workers will run the program by building a theory of these programs when certain interventions in social issues and needs arise. In describing the role of social workers, the program theory contained in the program itself becomes a useful tool as it serves a basis for emphasizing the professionalism and accountability of the social workers in general. The purpose of this study is conducted based on the following three research problems to analyze the theory; What program theories are used by social workers? What program theories are used for social workers according to intervention problems? and finally Whether the structure of program theories that social workers use is consistent with logical causality? We had secured resources of the social welfare centers for the disabled in Busan collected by the Busan Welfare Development Institution and analyzed the contents of 1,152 programs in total accordingly. After analyzing, the results show that the most used program theory of social workers is ‘biophysical problem → cognitive approach → biophysical change’. By categorizing the favored program theory in terms of intervention problems reached following result; ① economic problem → opportunity provision → environmental change, ② social relationship problem → opportunity provision → environmental change, ③ biophysical problem → cognitive approach → biophysical change, ④ psycho-emotional problem → environmental approach → psycho-emotional change, ⑤ cognitive problem → cognitive approach → cognitive change, ⑥ behavioral problem → cognitive approach → change of behavior, ⑦ environmental problem → cognitive approach → environmental change. Errors in program theory accounted for 45.1% of all programs. Based on the results of this analysis, social welfare organization should established an organizational learning system in which social workers can build program theory, social workers proposes a fundamental practical study on the causes of social problems, and it's required to social work education that social workers can build program theory.

해양에서 관측되는 해양지구물리 탐사자료에는 위치오차, 기기오차, 관측오차, 해상 상태 등 다양한 원인에 기인하는 오차가 포함되어 있다. 이에 의해 한 기관에서 해양지구물리 탐사 자료를 취득할 때나 여러 기관에서 취득된 해양지구물리 탐사자료를 취합할 때 많은 교차점오차가 발생하고, 이러한 교차점오차는 부적절한 해석을 야기하는 인위적인 이 상대를 만든다. 교차점오차를 줄이기 위한 다양한 방법들이 제시되었지만, 이들 대부분의 방법들은 교차점을 찾기 위해 각각의 점자료(point data) 혹은 선분자료(segment data)를 모두 비교함으로써, 불필요하게 많은 계산시간을 요구하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중복구역나눔 방법을 도입하여 빠르게 교차점을 찾고, 가중치선형내삽 방법을 이용하여 교차점오차를 보정하는 포트란(FORTRAN) 프로그램 (FastXcorr)을 개발하였다.

Many cross-over errors due to position errors, meter errors, observation errors, sea conditions and so on occur when marine geophysical data collected by own and other agencies are merged, and these errors can create artificial anomalies which cause an improper interpretation. Many methods have been introduced to reduce cross-over errors. However, most methods are designed to compare each point or segment data to find cross-over points, and require a long processing time. Therefore, FORTRAN program (FastXcorr) is presented to fast determine cross-over points using an overlap-sector, and to adjust cross-over errors using a weighted linear interpolation algorithm.

이 연구의 목적은 BAR 프로그램 적용이 저시력 아동의 보행 오류에 어떤 효과를 가져 오는 지 알아보는데 있다. 구체적인 연구 목적은 첫째, BAR 프로그램이 저시력 아동의 보행 오류 빈도에 미치는 효과를 밝힌다. 둘째, BAR 프로그램이 저시력 아동의 보행 오류 형태의 변화에 미치는 효과를 밝힌다. 연구 결과와 논의를 바탕으로 얻어진 결론은 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에 사용된 BAR 프로그램은 저시력 아동의 보행 오류 빈도 감소에 효과적이다. 특히 오류 빈도는 저시력 아동의 원인 질환과 시력 상태에 상관없이 감소가 나타났으며, 부가적으로는 본 연구에서 평가한 보행 오류 항목인 충돌 오류, 심도지각 오류, 명순응/암순응 오류, 교차로 오류 이외의 오류 항목에서도 빈도의 감소가 나타났다.둘째, 본 연구에 사용된 BAR 프로그램은 저시력 아동의 보행 오류 형태의 변화를 가져왔다. 오류 형태의 변화 중 주로 충돌, 교차로 오류에는 아동의 원인 질환 및 시력 상태에 상관없이 전반적으로 빈도가 감소하였으나, 심도지각 오류와 암순응/명순응 오류에서는 보행 시간이 짧은 아동일수록 즉 속도가 빠른 아동에게는 오류의 감소가 별로 나타나지 않았다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the BAR program on travel error of children with low vision. This study targeted four children with low vision in K school for the blind in Daegu. Children were selected on the recommendation by the school's homeroom teacher, befitting the study purpose. They were given a prior test on travel level, and their related activities were observed in classes for one month. Thus I determined their travel features and status. Lastly, the children were selected through them and their parents' agreement. The results of this study are as follows.First, the BAR program was effective in reducing travel error frequencies of children with low vision. In particular, the error frequencies were reduced regardless of diseases and eyesight status. Second, the BAR program was effective in changing travel error types of children with low vision. Of error type changes, error frequencies in collision and intersections were reduced overall, regardless of diseases and eyesight status. However, errors in depth perception and light adaptation were not significantly reduced to children with travel faster.