Earticle

본 연구는 미국 내 직업교육과 사회이동성에 대한 학술적·정책적 논의를 고찰하여 한국 사회에 주는 시사점을 모색하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 미국 사회 맥락에서 직업교육의 기능과 한계를 설명하는 이론을 정리하고, 직업교육과 사회이동의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 미국 교육통계청(National Center for Education Statistics, NCES)의 대규모 교육자료인 National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88), 미국 노동통계국(Bureau of Labor Statistics)의 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)와 경제협력개발기구 (OECD)의 Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC) 자료분석을 바탕으로 직업교육훈련(Vocational Education Training, VET) 프로그램 효과를 실증한 연구 결과를 시계열적으로 탐색하였다. 아울러 직업교육의 효과를 제고 하기 위해 도입된 미국 내 직업교육훈련(VET) 주요 정책을 살펴보고, 미국 사례가 주 는 시사점을 결론에 제시하였다.

This study aims to review scholarly and policy discussions on what vocational education has brought in terms of social mobility in US and to provide insight for a Korean society. For this, I first put two contrasting perspectives, functionalism and conflict theory on vocational education in the US context and synthesize key literature which analyzes the relationship between vocational education and social mobility. In particular, time-series approach is applied for exploring antecedent and consequence of Vocational Education Training (VET) program by reviewing empirical studies drawing on National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88) and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Also, I scrutinize the contemporary research on vocational education effect of the American adult population using Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC). Lastly, I study how the US federal government has intervened in the field of Vocational Education Training (VET) and present implications of the US case for Korea.

본 연구는 미국 내 직업교육과 사회이동성에 대한 학술적·정책적 논의를 고찰하여 한국 사회에 주는 시사점을 모색하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 미국 사회 맥락에서 직업교육의 기능과 한계를 설명하는 이론을 정리하고, 직업교육과 사회이동의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 미국 교육통계청(National Center for Education Statistics, NCES)의 대규모 교육자료인 National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88), 미국 노동통계국(Bureau of Labor Statistics)의 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)와 경제협력개발기구 (OECD)의 Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC) 자료분석을 바탕으로 직업교육훈련(Vocational Education Training, VET) 프로그램 효과를 실증한 연구 결과를 시계열적으로 탐색하였다. 아울러 직업교육의 효과를 제고 하기 위해 도입된 미국 내 직업교육훈련(VET) 주요 정책을 살펴보고, 미국 사례가 주 는 시사점을 결론에 제시하였다.

This study aims to review scholarly and policy discussions on what vocational education has brought in terms of social mobility in US and to provide insight for a Korean society. For this, I first put two contrasting perspectives, functionalism and conflict theory on vocational education in the US context and synthesize key literature which analyzes the relationship between vocational education and social mobility. In particular, time-series approach is applied for exploring antecedent and consequence of Vocational Education Training (VET) program by reviewing empirical studies drawing on National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88) and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Also, I scrutinize the contemporary research on vocational education effect of the American adult population using Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC). Lastly, I study how the US federal government has intervened in the field of Vocational Education Training (VET) and present implications of the US case for Korea.

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라에 거주하는 이민자들에 대한 일반국민들의 인식개선 교육 프로그램의 이용실태와 문제점을 파악하고 이를 토대로 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 이민자들과 잦은 접촉이 있는 대표적인 기관인, 법무부 위탁 이민자 사회통합프로그램 운영기관과 여성가족부 산하 다문화가족지원센터에서 근무하는 교사 및 담당자 106명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상자 중 국민인식 개선프로그램 참여 비율은 64.2%(68명)로 나타났다. 둘째, 참여 프로그램 주관부처는 여성가족부 (67.6%), 기관으로는 다문화가족지원센터(73.5%)가 가장 많았다. 셋째, 참여 프로그램의 내용으로는 ‘이민자 인권과 다문화 감수성 제고(72.1%)’가 가장 많고, 교육대상자로는 주로 시설종사자(63.1%), 이민자(44.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 인식개선 교육 프로그램 효과성에 대해 효과 있음이 약 70%, 효과 없음이 약 5%로 나 타났다. 참여한 프로그램 중 효과로는 ‘이민자에 대한 편견과 고정관념이 감소되었다’가 73.5%로 가장 높게 나 타났다. 다섯째, 인식개선 프로그램의 문제점으로 ‘이벤트성(일회성) 프로그램 위주(50.0%)’, ‘이민자와 교류 없는 일방적 참여(45.6%)’, ‘콘텐츠 부족(44.1%)’의 순으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 바람직한 프로그램 제고방 안으로, 내용 측면에서는‘이민자의 인권/다문화감수성 제고를 다루어야 한다.’가 55.9%로 가장 높았고, 교육유 형 측면에서는 ‘상호문화 역량제고 활동(activity) 중심의 교육이 되어야 한다.’가 83.8%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the actual conditions of education programs for improving the public's awareness of immigrants and to present measures for improvement based on them. To that end, 106 teachers and staff members working at the social integration program management institution were surveyed. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, 64.2 percent (68) of those surveyed participated in the program to improve public awareness. Second, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (67.6%) and the Multicultural Family Support Center (73.5%) were the most in charge of the program. Third, the most common contents of the participatory education were the improvement of the human rights of immigrants and multicultural sensitivity (72.1%), followed by the number of facility workers (63.1%) and the number of immigrants (44.1%). Fourth, for the effectiveness of the awareness improvement program (approximately 70 percent) was overwhelmingly higher than that of the ineffective (approximately 5 percent), and for the effect," less prejudice and stereotypes about immigrants" (73.5%) were the highest. Fifth, problems with the awareness improvement program were "event (one-time) program-oriented (50.0%), "unilateral participation without interaction with migrants" (45.6%), and "lack of content" (44.1%). Finally, the contents of the desirable program were found to be "improving the human rights/multicultural sensitivity of foreigners and immigrants" (55.9%) and "focusing on activities to enhance mutual cultural capabilities (83.8%)" as a desirable type of education.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 14-week mentoring program for first year nursing students and their ways of coping with stress and locus of control. Methods: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental study. Sixty-six first year students (mentees) and 66 fourth year students (mentors) were eligible to be in the mentoring program. Mentors and mentees contacted each other weekly, as required, to provide information and support. In order to determine the efficiency of the mentoring program, a Locus of Control Scale, the Ways of Coping Inventory and Mentoring Assessment Form were filled out by mentees. Results: In this study the mentoring program increased students' internal locus of control and active coping with stress. The increase in internal locus of control showed parallelism with students' behaviors of seeking social support. Conclusion: It is recommended that in nursing schools, the mentoring program be used as an additional program.

Objective: To examine the effect of the telerehabilitation program on sleep quality and fatigue level in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was aimed in this study. MS is a demyelinating disease defined by various signs and symptoms that affects physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning. Fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are the among common symptoms of MS.Methods: The study implemented an individual exercise program for twice a week for 12 weeks via telerehabilitation. In the home-based video exercise group, the same exercises were given as video recordings and the patients were asked to do the exercises twice a week for 12 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Scale-54 and Timed 25 Foot Walk Test were used in the evaluation. The trial is registered with the number of NCT04979845 on ClinicalTrials.gov.Results: PSQI scores changed from 5.6 (2.1) to 3.66 (2.09) in telerehabilitation group (p=0.03) while no significant change were seen in the video exercise group. Similarly FSS scores decreased from 4.37 (1.42) to 3.67 (1.68) in telerehabilitation group (p=0.04) while no significant changes were seen in the video based exercise group.Conclusion: The telerehabilitation program is thought to be an effective and accessible non-pharmacological application that can be used in the treatment of sleep quality and fatigue in individuals with MS.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of combining physiotherapy techniques with conservative medical treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Methods: Sixty-eight volunteers with CRS were randomly assigned. Group A received only traditional medical treatment, whereas group B received a physiotherapy program that included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage techniques, and self-sinus massage technique in addition to traditional medical treatment. Interventions were applied 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI) served as the main outcome indicator for assessing the quality of life, and the secondary outcome measure was the pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a pressure algometer. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in total RSDI values from 71.08±1.13 pretest to 47.14±1.15 posttest for group A, while it decreased from 70.64±1.20 pretreatment to 31.76±1.04 posttreatment for group B; furthermore, Mann?Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference (p<0.001) in total RSDI values between both groups when comparing the change of the pre-post data values, it was 23.94±0.95 for group A and 38.88±0.67 for group B. The independent t-test revealed a highly statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the PPT values in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: The physiotherapy program which included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage technique, and self-sinus massage technique in conjunction with conventional medical treatment was more beneficial for enhancing the quality of life and PPT than traditional medical treatment alone in CRS patients.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different stocker management programs on skeletal muscle development and growth characteristics, satellite cell (SC) activity in growing-finishing beef cattle as well as the effects of SC-conditioned media on preadipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Fall-weaned Angus steers (n = 76; 258 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 stocker production systems: 1) grazing dormant native range (NR) supplemented with a 40% CP cottonseed meal-based supplement (1.02 kg ? steer?1 ? d?1) followed by long-season summer grazing (CON, 0.46 kg/d); 2) grazing dormant NR supplemented with a ground corn and soybean meal-based supplement fed at 1% of BW followed by short-season summer grazing (CORN, 0.61 kg/d); 3) grazing winter wheat pasture (WP) at high stocking density (3.21 steers/ha) to achieve a moderate rate of gain (LGWP, 0.83 kg/d); and 4) grazing winter WP at low stocking density (0.99 steers/ha) to achieve a high rate of gain (HGWP, 1.29 kg/d). At the end of the stocker (intermediate harvest, IH) and finishing (final harvest, FH) phases, 4 steers / treatment were harvested and longissimus muscles (LM) sampled for cryohistological immunofluorescence analysis and SC culture assays. At IH, WP steers had greater LM fiber cross-sectional area than NR steers; however, at FH, the opposite was observed (p < 0.0001). At IH, CORN steers had the lowest Myf-5+:Pax7+ SC density (p = 0.020), while LGWP steers had the most Pax7+ SC (p = 0.043). At FH, CON steers had the highest LM capillary density (p = 0.003) and their cultured SC differentiated more readily than all other treatments (p = 0.017). At FH, Pax7 mRNA was more abundant in 14 d-old SC cultures from HGWP cattle (p = 0.03). Preadipocytes exposed to culture media from proliferating SC cultures from WP cattle isolated at FH had more PPARγ (p = 0.037) and less FABP4 (p = 0.030) mRNA expression compared with NR cattle. These data suggest that different stocker management strategies can impact skeletal muscle growth, SC function, and potentially impact marbling development in growing-finishing beef cattle.

Objective To examine the effects of a bedside exercise program on the recovery of swallowing after a stroke.Method Fifty stroke patients with dysphagia (<6 months post-stroke) were enrolled and classified into two groups, the experimental (25 subjects) and control groups (25 subjects). The control group was treated with conventional swallowing therapy. The experimental group received additional bedside exercise training, which consisted of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and respiratory exercises, 1 hour per day for 2 months, and they were instructed regarding this program through the nursing intervention. All patients were assessed for their swallowing function by Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS), using the New VFSS scale, the level of functional oral intake, the frequency of dysphagia complications, the presence (or not) of tube feeding, the mood state and quality of life before the treatment and at 2 months after the treatment.Results After 2 months of treatment, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the swallowing function at the oral phase in the New VFSS Scale than that of the control group (p<0.05). Further, they also showed less depressive mood and better quality of life than the control group. However, there was no significant change in the incidence of dysphagia complication and the presence (or not) of tube feeding between the two groups.Conclusion Bedside exercise program showed an improvement of swallowing function and exhibited a positive secondary effect, such as mood state and quality of life, on subacute stroke patients with dysphagia. For improvement of rehabilitation results on subacute stroke patients with dysphagia, this study suggests that additional intensive bedside exercise would be necessary.

Purpose: Hybrid simulation has emerged to increase the practicality of simulation trainingby combining simulators and standardized patient (SP) that implement realistic clinicalenvironments at a high level. This study aimed to develop a hybrid simulation programfocused on case of pediatric cardiac catheterization and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The hybrid simulation program was developed according to the Analyze, Design,Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model. And deep learning-based analysisprogram was used to analyze non-verbal communication with SP and applied it fordebriefing sessions. To verify the effect of the program, a quasi-experimental study usinga random assignment design was conducted. In total, 48 nursing students (n=24 in theexperimental group; n=24 in the control group) participated in the study. Results:Knowledge (F=3.53, p=.038), confidence in clinical performance (F=9.73, p<.001), andcommunication self-efficacy (F=5.20, p=.007) showed a significant difference in bothgroups and interaction between time points, and the communication ability of the experimentalgroup increased significantly (t=3.32, p=.003). Conclusion: Hybrid simulationprogram developed in this study has been proven effective, it can be implemented inchild nursing education. Future research should focus on developing and incorporatingvarious hybrid simulation programs using SP into the nursing curriculum and evaluatingtheir effectiveness.

The purpose of this study is to analyze outcomes of a supported employment program implemented by the Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled(KEAD), a public employment promotion agency, in Korea. Data accumulated by KEAD regarding pre-vocational training for people with disabilities, and covering the period from 2000 to 2008, were utilized. The methodologies used in the study are logistic regression to assess the gaining employment effect, multiple regressions to examine the wage effect, and Cox’s proportional hazard regression to evaluate the job retention effect. As a result, the probability that people with severe disabilities who participated in the supported employment program would get a job was 29.9 times higher than that of people with severe disabilities who did not participate in the program. The effect of the supported employment program on average wage was appeared to raise wages by 39,119 Won. The risk of turnover of people with severe disabilities who did not participate in the supported employment program was 1.5 times higher than that of people with severe disabilities who participated in the program. This study suggested that the supported employment program should be expanded and developed as a means of increasing the employment of people with severe disabilities in Korea.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a novel and complex intervention in community-dwelling people with intellectual disabilities. Methods Forty-three participants completed the experiment. The subjects were randomly assigned the experimental (n=33) or control (n=10) groups. The multicomponent intervention program comprised exercise and nutrition management and behavior modification. The intervention was performed for 60 minutes once weekly for 10 weeks. The assessment included anthropometric data, body composition and blood pressure analysis, and blood tests. In addition, pulmonary function, physical function, and health-related quality of life were measured before and after the intervention. Results No adverse events occurred during the intervention. After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significantly higher increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than did the control group (effect size=0.152, p=0.019). Conclusion This innovative intervention was effective in improving cardiovascular health. Even greater effects could be achieved through improvements in implementation strategies to increase compliance.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a group integrated intervention program that simultaneously conducts cognitive activities, physical activities, emotional activities and social interactions by integrating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and integrated elderly play therapy based on the cognitive functions and depression of the elderly who live alone. This study follows a pre-test post-test design with a nonequivalent control group, to verify the effectiveness of a group integrated intervention. It applies a group integrated intervention program to 20 elderly people who live alone, aged 65 and above (10 in the experimental group, 10 in the control group), once a week for 90 minutes across eight weeks. The study went through MMSE-K, TMT-A and GDSSF-A to assess cognitive functions and the level of depression. The group integrated intervention increased the cognitive functions of the experimental group and decreased levels of depression. Therefore, this study verified that a group integrated intervention program of AAT and integrated play therapy of the elderly, is an effective for increasing cognitive functions and decreasing depression levels of the elderly who live alone. Based on these findings, the study suggests that there is a need to continuously expand group integrated intervention programs and provide relevant political support.

Objective To investigate the effect of a rehabilitation program in terms of De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) score, in hematologic cancer patients after chemotherapy. Methods Hematologic cancer patients admitted for chemotherapy were reviewed. They received a rehabilitation program during their hospital stay. DEMMI score measurement was performed, before and after rehabilitation. Demographics, diagnosis, chemotherapy information, rehabilitation program duration, mortality, body mass index (BMI), and laboratory test results were collected. For analysis, patients were classified according to diagnosis (multiple myeloma, leukemia, and others), mortality, and additional chemotherapy. Results There was statistically significant improvement in DEMMI score of 10.1 points (95% confidence interval, 5.9?14.3) after rehabilitation. It was more evident in the multiple myeloma group, and they revealed less mortality. When patients were divided according to mortality, survivors received the program earlier, and in a shorter period than in mortality cases. Although survivors revealed higher initial DEMMI score, improvement after rehabilitation did not differ significantly. Conclusion In hematologic cancer patients, rehabilitation program was effective for recovery from deconditioning, revealing significant increase in DEMMI score. Multiple myeloma patients may be good candidates for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation could be sustained during chemotherapy and for high-risk patients.

Objective To evaluate effects of caregiver’s education program on their satisfaction, as well as patient functional recovery, performed in addition to daily conventional rehabilitation treatment.Methods Three hundred eleven subjects diagnosed with first-onset stroke and transferred to the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Inha University Hospital were surveyed. In 2015, caregivers attended an education program for acute and subacute stroke patients. Patients who received an additional rehabilitation therapy were assigned to the experimental group (n=81), whereas the control group (n=100) consisted of transfer cases in 2014 with only conventional treatment. The experimental group was classified by severity using the Korean version of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (K-NIHSS), which was administered to all 181 subjects, in addition to, the Korean version of the Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), a Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), and the Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS). Caregiver satisfaction and burden before and after education programs were assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), as well as family burden and caregiver burnout scales.Results No significant intergroup difference was observed between initial K-NIHSS, K-MMSE, K-BBS, K-MBI scores, and times from admission to transfer. Those with moderate or severe strokes under the experimental condition showed a more significant improvement than the control group as determined by the K-NIHSS and K-BBS, as well as tendential K-MMSE and K-MBI score increases. Satisfaction was significantly greater for family members and formal caregivers of patients with strokes of moderate severity in the experimental group.Conclusion The caregiver’s education program for stroke subjects had a positive outcome on patients’ functional improvement and caregiver satisfaction. The authors believe that the additional rehabilitation therapy with the education program aids patients to achieve functional improvements for an optimal return to social life.

Purpose: The study aimed to develop a mind-body therapeutic program and evaluate its effects on mitigating uncertainty, anxiety, and implantation rate of second-trial in vitro fertilization (IVF) women. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. The conceptual framework and program content were developed from a preliminary survey of eight infertile women and the extensive review of the literature. Program focuses on three uncertainty-induced anxieties in infertile women: cognitive, emotional, and biological responses. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, the infertile women with unknown cause preparing for a second IVF treatment were sampled at convenience (26 experimental and 24 control). Results: The experimental group in the study showed greater decrease in uncertainty and anxiety in premeasurements and postmeasurements than the control group did. However, no statistically significant differences in the implantation rate between groups were observed. Conclusion: This study is meaningful as the first intervention program for alleviating uncertainty and anxiety provided during the IVF treatment process. The positive effects of the mind-body therapeutic program in alleviating both uncertainty and anxiety have direct meaning for clinical applications.

PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether an osteoarthritis adaptation program increased biological, psychological, and social integrity variables and quality of life in older women with osteoarthritis in Korea. MethodsThis study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, allocating 51 older women with osteoarthritis to an experimental group (26 participants) and a control group (25 participants). The program was conducted thrice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 to 90 minutes. It combined exercises (flexibility, muscle strength, and aerobic) and education (pain control, nutrition management, and compliance). ResultsPain differed significantly between the groups (F = 12.10, p < .001), and the time-group interaction was also significant (F = 23.65, p < .001). Difficulty in daily living did not show significant differences between the groups (F = 3.88, p = .055), although the time-group interaction was significant (F = 39.57, p < .001). Depression showed a significant difference between the groups (F = 7.24, p = .010), as did the time-group interaction (F = 9.17, p = .002). Social support also differed significantly between the groups (F = 46.07, p < .001), and the time-group interaction was significant (F = 45.22, p < .001). Quality of life showed significant differences between the groups (F = 29.04, p < .001), and the time-group interaction was also significant for this variable (F = 64.32, p < .001). ConclusionThe osteoarthritis adaptation program effectively improved biological, psychological, and social integrity variables in older women with osteoarthritis. Therefore, this program offers considerable benefits to older women with chronic osteoarthritis, emphasizing its value for individuals with osteoarthritis living in the community.

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Purpose: Despite well-known benefits of walking on cardiovascular health, no structured walking exercise program has been formally tested on elderly Korean immigrants (EKIs). This pilot randomized controlled trial study assessed the effect of a walking program on walking behavior (pedometer steps count), stress (cortisol), depressive symptoms (CESD-10), and cardiovascular disease biomarkers (hs-CRP and fibrinogen) via venipuncture in EKIs. Methods: Seventy EKIs recruited from a Korean community were randomly assigned to a 12-week walking group or control group in a 3:2 ratio. The working program included a pedometer, buddy, monthly coffee card, weekly call for goal setting, and physical activity consultation. Walking group EKIs maintained the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended exercise guidelines and good mental health status over 12 weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in the outcomes between control and walking groups. Conclusion: Social networking with Koreans in the senior center and church from a well-established Korean community might have positive effects on mental health.

Objective To investigate the eff ect of self exercise in cardiac rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity for selected patients with coronary artery disease. Method The subjects of this study were patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation program. The supervised exercise group participated in 6-8 weeks of aerobic exercise training with telemetry ECG monitoring in hospital. Th e self exercise group, whose exercise risk was low, was instructed to participiate in self exercise training in a community exercise environment according to the exercise tolerance test (ETT) using a modified Bruce protocol. Both groups underwent ETTs before and 6 months after initiation of the cardiac rehabilitation program. We compared the supervised group with the self exercise groups on exercise capacity. Results After 6 months, the supervised exercise group showed significant changes in maximum oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, resting heart rate, and submaximal rate pressure product. The self exercise group also showed significant improvement of maximum oxygen consumption and submaximal rate pressure product. However, the changing rate of maximum oxygen consumption was signifi cantly higher in the supervised exercise group than the self exercise group. Conclusion Both the supervised and self exercise groups showed similar improvement of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity after 6 months’ participation in the cardiac rehabilitation program. However, the changing rate of maximum oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate were significantly higher in the supervised exercise group than the self exercise group.

Purpose: Men diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at greater risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and STIs reinfection. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a brief human immunodeficiency virus (B-HIV) prevention program on HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) knowledge, perceived benefits of condom use, risk reduction self-efficacy, risk reduction behaviors, and reinfection rate among Thai men with STIs. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. Participants were selected from men with STI symptoms. They were randomly assigned to a B-HIV prevention program or usual care, 100 each. The program consisted of 3 modules. Key messages for HIV prevention were sent weekly through Line. Outcomes were HIV and STI knowledge, perceived benefits of condom use, risk reduction self-efficacy, risk reduction behaviors (condom use, the number of sexual partners, and condomless sex), and STI reinfection rate. Independent t-test and binary logistic regression were performed. Results: The B-HIV prevention program significantly increased HIV and STI knowledge and resulted in perception of greater benefits from condoms and greater risk reduction self-efficacy. Program participants used condoms more frequently with many types of partners, especially with casual partners and sex workers. The intervention group practiced condomless sex less frequently than the control group. The program did not improve participants’ condom use with lovers/steady partners and did not decrease the number of sexual partners and STI reinfection rate at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: A B-HIV prevention program could reduce the risk of HIV infection among male clients with current STIs by enhancing their condom use with casual partners and sex workers. Strategies to improve condom use with lovers/steady partners among this high-risk population is needed.