Earticle

연구목적: 소규모 사업장에서 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건 확보의무를 준수하는 효율적이고 실무적인 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 문헌연구와 선행연구를 바탕으로 안전보건경영시스템과의 연계, 프로세스 접근방법 등을 활용한 중대재해처벌법 준수방안을 검토하였다. 연구결과: 안전보건경영시스 템을 충실히 이행하면 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건 확보의무를 준수할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 안전보건 확보의무를 이행하고 점검하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 결론: 프로세스 접근방법과 이행점검 체크리스트를 적극 활용하여 안전보건경영시스템을 운영하면 중대재해처벌법 준수는 물론 안전보건 경영시스템의 지속적 개선이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: This study propose efficient and practical measures to comply with the duty to secure safety and health of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act at small businesses. Method: Based on literature review and previous studies, a plan to comply with the Serious Accidents Punishment Act was reviewed by the link with the safety and health management system and using the process approach method, etc. Result: It was confirmed that if the safety and health management system is faithfully implemented, it is possible to comply with the duty to secure safety and health under the Serious Accidents Punishment Act. In addition, a methodology for fulfilling and inspecting the duty to secure safety and health was presented. Conclusion: If the safety and health management system is operated actively by utilizing the process approach and implementation inspection checklist, it is judged that it will be possible to comply with the Serious Accidents Punishment Act as well as to continuously improve the safety and health management system.

The LRA(Logistic Regression Analysis) conducts a quantitative analysis by collecting a lot of samples and the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Program) makes use of expert decision influenced by subjective judgment to a certain degree. This study is to suggest a combination method in mapping landslide hazard by giving equal weight for the result of LRA and AHP. Topographic factors(slope, aspect, elevation), soil dram, soil depth and land use were adopted to classify landslide hazard areas. The three methods(LRA, AHP, the combined approach) was applied to a $520km^2$ region located in the middle of South Korea which have occurred 39 landslides during 1999 and 2003. The suggested method showed 58.9% matching rate for the real landslide sites comparing with the classified areas of high-risk landslide While LRA and AHP Showed 46.1% and 48.7% matching rates respectively. Further studies are recommended to find the optimal combining weight of LRA and AHP with more landslide data.

초고령 사회에 진입하는 우리 사회의 중장년층은 자신의 삶을 돌아보고 이후의 삶을 의미있게 모색해야 할 중요한 전환점에 있다. 이 연구는 중장년의 생애전환을 성찰적으로 지원하는 문화예술교육으로서 고 전희곡 과정드라마 프로그램을 설계하고 실행한 사례를 분석하였다. 해당 프로그램은 소포클레스의 『오이디푸스 왕』을 텍스트로 삼아, 소크라테스 문답법의 철학적 대화방식과 과정드라마의 연극적 접근 을 결합함으로써 학습자들이 삶의 본질적 질문을 깊이 성찰하도록 구성하였다. 프로그램의 구조는 웜업 활동에서 팔로우업 단계까지 과정드라마(Process Drama)의 흐름을 반영하며, 이를 통해 학습자들이 자신의 삶을 재조명하고 공감적 성찰을 심화하도록 설계되었다. 프로그램 실행 후 사례 분석 결과, 학습자들은 자기 이해를 심화하고, 공동체적 공감을 형성하며, 자신만의 내러티브를 생성하는 과정을 경험하였음을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 중장년의 생애전환 지원을 넘어 생애 주기별 문 화예술교육의 새로운 가능성을 모색하며, 학교 및 평생교육 현장에 고전희곡과 과정드라마의 융합을 통 한 다양한 응용 가능성을 제시한다.

This study investigates the application of the Maieutic Method, grounded in Socratic philosophy, alongside classical plays within the framework of process drama as a reflective approach to support life transitions in middle adulthood. As contemporary life grows increasingly complex, middle-aged adults encounter profound existential and developmental challenges that necessitate deeper self-examination and critical reflection. By integrating process drama techniques with the philosophical principles of Socratic inquiry, this research seeks to provide a transformative educational experience that fosters self-awareness, critical thinking, and personal growth. Employing an action research methodology, the study examines how participants engage with classical dramatic texts and respond to reflective dialogue inspired by Socratic maieutics. The findings are anticipated to underscore the potential of this approach in cultivating a deeper understanding of self-identity, personal values, and life direction during midlife transitions. Ultimately, this study contributes to the discourse on lifelong learning and adult education by demonstrating the intersection of drama-based pedagogies and philosophical inquiry as a meaningful tool for navigating the complexities of adulthood.

This study is to suggest a methodology to produce landslide hazard map by combining LRA (Logistic Regression Analysis) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Program) Approach. Topographic factors (slope, aspect, elevation), soil drain, soil depth and land use were adopted to classify landslide hazard areas. The method was applied to a 520 $km^2$ region located in the middle of South Korea which have occurred 39 landslides during 1999 and 2003. The suggested method showed 58.9 % matching rate for the real landslide sites comparing with the classified areas of high-risk landslide while LRA and AHP showed 46.1 % and 48.7 % matching rates respectively.

The ecological process-based approach provides a detailed assessment of belowground compartment as one of the major compartment of carbon balance. Carbon net balance (NEP: net ecosystem production) in forest ecosystems by ecological process-based approach is determined by the balance between net primary production (NPP) of vegetation and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of soil (NEP=NPP-HR). Respiration due to soil heterotrophs is the difference between total soil respiration (SR) and root respiration (RR) (HR=SR-RR, NEP=NPP-(SR-RR)). If NEP is positive, it is a sink of carbon. This study assessed the forest carbon balance by ecological process-based approach included belowground compartment intensively. The case study in the Takayama Station, cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest was reported. From the result, NEP was estimated approximately 1.2 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$ in 1996. Therefore, the study area as a whole was estimated to act as a sink of carbon. According to flux tower result, the net uptake rate of carbon was 1.1 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$.

In this paper, an "auto-framing" method, an algorithmic method to divide stochastic time-series process data into appropriate intervals, is developed based on the approach of hidden Markov model (HMM). While enormous amounts of process time-series data are being measured and collected today, their use is limited by the high costs to gather, store, and analyze them. "Data-framing" refers to the task of dividing stochastic signal data into time frames of distinct patterns so that the data can be stored and analyzed in an efficient manner. Data-framing is typically carried out manually, but doing so can be both laborious and ineffective. For the purpose of automating the data-framing task, stochastic signals of switching patterns are modeled using a hidden Markov model (HMM) based jump linear system (JLS), which switches the stochastic model probabilistically in accordance with the underlying Markov chain. Based on the model, an estimator is constructed to estimate from the collected signal data the state sequence of the underlying Markov chain, which is subsequently used to decide on the framing points. An Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, which is composed of two optimal estimators, fixed interval Kalman smoother and Viterbi algorithm, is used to estimate for the state estimation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the HMM-based approach for auto-framing using simulated data constructed based on real industrial data.

Scientific literature studies irradiated graphite treatment. Research also covers graphite conditioning and its long-term behavior under disposal conditions. The European Commission's CARBOWASTE project, titled "Treatment and disposal of irradiated graphite and other carbonaceous waste", is a key reference for state-of-the-art studies on alternative solutions. It identified 24 strategic options for managing irradiated graphite throughout its complete life cycle. The methodology proposed in this paper entails the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to rank the 24 options, placing particular emphasis on the weighting of seven criteria for selecting management options for the irradiated graphite. The highest weights were assigned by experts to 'environment and public safety' (28.05 %) and 'worker safety' (26.16 %). The objective is to develop a standardized approach enabling waste management companies to identify the most appropriate management option, considering structural and legislative constraints in their operating country. Examining the study findings, option 19 "In-situ entombment" stands out as the best choice in both the CARBOWASTE project and the proposed methodology. Thus, this methodology could assist hypothetical entities in examining management options for irradiated graphite, with the aim of identifying the optimal solution for graphite waste disposal.

The focus on the issues surrounding spent nuclear fuel and lifetime extension of old nuclear power plants continues to grow nowadays. A transparent decision-making process to identify the best suitable nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) is considered to be the key task in the current situation. Through this study, an attempt is made to develop an equilibrium model for the NFC to calculate the material flows based on 1 TWh of electricity production, and to perform integrated multicriteria decision-making method analyses via the analytic hierarchy process technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation, and multiattribute utility theory methods. This comparative study is aimed at screening and ranking the three selected NFC options against five aspects: sustainability, environmental friendliness, economics, proliferation resistance, and technical feasibility. The selected fuel cycle options include pressurized water reactor (PWR) once-through cycle, PWR mixed oxide cycle, or pyroprocessing sodium-cooled fast reactor cycle. A sensitivity analysis was performed to prove the robustness of the results and explore the influence of criteria on the obtained ranking. As a result of the comparative analysis, the pyroprocessing sodium-cooled fast reactor cycle is determined to be the most competitive option among the NFC scenarios.

Whereas is non-symmetrical distribution manufacturing process the traditional X-chart by Shewhart is not plotted relatively on the central line but plotted on the skew of upper-hand side or lower-hand side. That is to say, for the purpose of producing either upper-specification-oriented items or lower-specification-oriented items, and when we carry out tighter control so as to have them pass only its specifications, the distribution shape naturally has a non-normal distribution. In the Shewhart X-chart, which is the most widely used one in Korea, such skewed distributions make tile plots to be inclined below or above the central line or outside the control limits although no assignable causes can be found. To overcome such short comings is non-normally distributed processes, a distribution-free type of confidence interval can be used, which should be haled on order statistics. This thesis is concerned with the design of control chart based on a sample median which is easy to use in practical situation and therefore properties for non-normal distributions, such as Gamma, Beta, Lognormal, Weibull, Pareto, and Truncated-normal distributions, may be easily analyzed. To enhance this improvement, I proved the property of practical applications of control chart method by comparing and analyzing the case studies of practical application of special purpose control chart method, and also by introducing the new designed median control chart.

산업체에서 이미 보편화되어 온 FMEA기법의 목적은 발생가능성이 있는 하자형태를 파악하고, 고객에게 미칠 고장 발생 요인을 우선 순위별로 사전에 제거하도록 이행하는 예방조치의 한 수단이다. FMEA는 초기 단계(Design 개념 설정시)에서 작성하는 Design FMEA와 양산되기 전에 시기 적절하게 작성하는 Process FMEA의 두 종류가 있다. (설계기능이 없는 공급자에게는 Process FMEA만 해당) 본 연구에서는 Process FMEA를 건설업의 시공분야에 적용하여 품질향상의 신뢰성을 높이고 Life Cycle Analysis, Risk Analysis 등의 기초자료로 활용이 가능한 기본자료(DATA)를 축적할 수 있는 방안을 연구하였다.

The aim of FMEA method which is already generalized in the industry engineering is to grasp a possibility that defect forms will appear. And it is a means of prevention step to let person remove obstacles which have an influence on customers beforehand in order. The two parts of FMEA are Design FMEA which we prepare in an early stage and Process FMEA which we prepare in time previous to mass production. This Study apply Process FMEA to execution fields of the construction industry.

본 연구의 목적은 의사소통학적 관점에서 학생의 공유와 참여를 핵심가치로 하는 교수법 중에 하나인 동료 멘토링 방법의 변천과정을 분석하여 우리나라 교육과정에서 지속적으로 강조하는 수학적 과정에 대한 변화의 특징을 명시화하는 것이다. 의사소통학적 접근 방식에서 수학적 과정의 출발점인 동시에 수행의 핵심이라고 볼 수 있는 학습자의 수업 참여를 위해 17년 동안 동료 멘토링 수업 방법의 변화 과정 5단계를 교수법 변화 측면에서 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 수학적 과정을 위한 교수법 변화와 연관된 요소를 학습 환경, 학습 과정, 평가 측면에서 단계별로 추출하였다. 분석 결과, 학습자의 상호작용을 촉진하고 이를 바탕으로 교실 공동체로 모든 학생들이 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 하는 수학적 과정을 위한 교수법 변화와 관련된 특징은 연속적인 상호작용성, 맥락의존성, 양방향성, 교사 역량, 학생 참여 원리를 발견할 수 있었다. 이 다섯 가지 원리를 바탕으로 수학적 과정의 효과적 변화의 저변에 깔려있는 원동력으로 공유된 창의성의 원리를 추출할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to provide a philosophical reflection on mathematical process consistently emphasized in our curriculum and to stress the importance of sharing creativity and its applicability to the mathematical process with the value of sharing and participation. For this purpose, we describe five stages of changing process in a peer mentoring teaching method conducted by a teacher who taught this method for 17 years with the goal of sharing creativity and examine components of mathematical process and their impact on it in each stage based on learning environment, learning process, and assessment. Results suggest that six principles should be underlined and considered for students to be actively involved in mathematical process. After analyzing changes in the five stages of the peer mentoring teaching method, the five principles scrutinized in mathematical process are the principles of continuous interactivity, contextual dependence, bidirectional development, teacher capability, and student participation. On the basis of these five principles, the principle of cooperative creativity is extracted from effective changes of mathematical process as a guiding force.

인공지능과 많은 기술 부분이 자동화로 이루어지면서 4차 산업 혁명의 시대가 열렸다. Big Data 관련 산업이 성장하면서 반도체 산업 역시 폭발적인 수요와 함께 비약적 발전이 진행 중이다. 이러한 성장 속에 기술의 한계, 고도화, 수율, 생산속도, 생산량 등의 난제를 극복하지 못한 기업들은 반도체 생태계에서 도태되어 역사의 뒤안길로 사라져 왔으며, 현재에도 생존을 위한 초 단위 경쟁을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 제품의 생산량과 생산속도를 향상하기 위한 예방 정비 (Preventive Maintenance, PM) 시간을 줄이기 위한 방법들을 연구하였다. 기존에 사용하는 개선 방법으로는 해결이 되지 않는 고착된 한계점 한계점에 도달하여, 문제해결 방법론 중 현재의 방식들이 아닌 난제 해결에 특화된 트리즈를 이용하여 해결하고자 하였다. 현재의 방법에 적응하여 개선점이 보이지 않는 고정관념에 사로잡힌 문제는 해결하기 매우 어렵다. 그러나 트리즈의 강력한 문제 해결 능력을 적용하면 이러한 문제도 창의적인 아이디어로 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 본 사례 또한 트리즈를 적용하여 문제를 해결하였다.

The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution began as artificial intelligence and many technologies were automated. big data related industries are growing, and the semiconductor industry is also undergoing explosive demand and breakthrough development. Companies that have not overcome the challenges of growing technology limits, sophistication, yield, production rate, production volume, etc. have disappeared into history as they have been eliminated in the semiconductor ecosystem. Even now, there is fierce competition for survival. In the paper, we studied ways to reduce preventative maintenance (PM) time to improve product production and production speed. Fixed limits that are no longer solved by the existing improvement methods were grasped, and in the problem-solving methodology, they were solved using TRIZ, which specializes in solving difficult problems for which there is no current method. TRIZ's strong problem-solving ability is a problem-solving theory that can solve problems with creative ideas when applied to stereotyped problems that the present is the best. Its utility was proved by applying it to the actual field and solving many problems.