Earticle

서울 구의역에서 19살의 정비업체 직원이 생일날 열차에 치여 숨진 사고가 발생했다. 사고당시 그는 승강장에서 고장난 스크린도어를 수리하고 있었다. 구의역은 서울 지하철 2호선 역으로, 그가 스크린도어를 수리하는 동안 역에 진입한 전철에 치여 죽음을 당한 것이었다. 서울시와 언론은 서울메트로의 퇴직자들에게 주는 특혜로 인해 발생한 사고라 고 비난했다. 언뜻 보기에는 이러한 결론이 합리적으로 보일지 모르겠지만, 이 사고에는 그 이면에 여러 가지 복잡한 원인들이 얽혀있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 외부 이해관계자들이 나 지연운행 관련법령 및 신공공관리 정책(NPM) 등과 관련되어 있는 것으로, 구의역 PSD사고를 통해 도시철도 사고의 원인과 대책을 다양한 관점에서 살펴보았다. 결론적으 로 이번 구의역 PSD사고는 근대화와 고속성장 속에서 우리 사회가 안고 있었던 다양한 갈등과 적체된 문제점들이 수면위로 불거진 결과로 보인다. 또한 서울메트로 PSD안전사 고 책임소재 및 예방 대책에 적용된 모듈이론은 철도 및 도시철도 사고, 항공사고, 선박사 고 등 향후 다양한 분야에서 사고 발생 시 그에 대한 예방 및 대책 수립에 확장 적용할 수 있는 이론이라고 볼 수 있다.

A 19-year-old screen door maintenance worker died at Guui Station on his birthday. He was repairing a malfunctioning platform screen door. Guui Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 2. He was killed by incoming train during repairing the screen door. The Seoul Metropolitan government and the press argued that the special favor for retirees of Seoul Subway was to blame for the accident. At first glance, this conclusion might seems reasonable, however, it is clearly more complicated than that. External stakeholders, delay-related legislation and NPM(new public management) are linked to this accident.

지하철 스크린도어광고가 등장함에 따라 지하철광고가 활성화 되고 있다. 그런데, 현재 무수한 스크린도어광고물이 설치되고 있어 광고효과면에서 부정적 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 지하철 스크린도어광고를 혼잡지각면에서의 광고효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다.첫째, 지하철 스크린도어광고에 대한 혼잡지각과 광고 태도의 관계에서는 광고혼잡이 증가할수록 광고태도는 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비자가 광고혼잡을 지각할수록 회상과 재인에 부정적인 영향을 나타내고 있었다. 셋째, 선행연구에서 밝혀진 성별에 따른 광고혼잡의 지각의 차이는 스크린도어광고에서는 나타나지 않았다. 연구결과로 도출된 스크린도어광고의 혼잡도에 대한 문제에 대한 해결을 위해 스크린도어광고 매체형태와 수의 제한과 옥외광고물의 설치시 주변 환경과의 조화면에서 반드시 광고혼잡을 고려해야 할 것이다.

As platform screen door advertising appears, subway advertising is increasing right now. However, there is a negative aspect because a lot of advertising in a small space in subway appears. Therefore, this study is to find the advertising effectiveness based on platform screen door's advertising in terms of advertising clutter. Final results are as follows: First, the less advertising effectivenes the more advertising clutter of screen door. Second, there was negative impact between advertising clutter and advertising recall and recognition. Third, there was no significant difference between men and women as for advertising clutter. Therefore, practitioners have to consider the number and types of platform screen door advertising and the harmony of advertising and surrounding space because of advertising clutter.

스크린도어 광고는 지난 2005년 4개 역사를 시작으로 국내 지하철 승강장에 도입되었으며, 현재 지하철 광고의 가장 중요한 유형으로 자리매김하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지하철 스크린도어 광고가 어떤 메시지를 담고 있으며, 어떤 제품군에서 주로 활용되고 있는지에 대한 검증을 하고자 하였다. 광고 메시지 전략에 대한 실증 분석을 집중적으로 실행하고, 이를 통해 전략적 제언을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 지하철 스크린도어 광고는 이용객이 많은 주요 역사에 집중되고 있었으며, 주요 광고주들이 전체의 상당 부분을 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 메시지 전략은 대체로 감정 전이적 광고가 더 많이 사용되고 있었으며, '사회적 영역'과 '일상적 영역'이 가장 보편적으로 사용되고 있었다. 그러나 이러한 현상은 제품 유형 및 제품군 별로 상이하게 나타났다. 다소 아쉬운 부분은 '긴급필요 영역'이 지하철 광고의 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있는 것임에도 불구하고 거의 사용되고 있지 않았다는 점이며, 이를 포함한 몇 가지 실무적, 학술적 제언을 도출하였다.

The subway PSD(Platform Screen Door) ad has been a important advertising medium since it was launched in four stations, year of 2005. The current study aims to investigate the message strategies in PSD ads and how they are executed. Based on the empirical investigation, the study tries to suggest some strategic suggestions for both practitioners and academic researchers. The result shows that the majority of PSD ads were rushed in major stations which ranked the highest in terms of the number of passengers, and major advertisers consisted of relatively high volume of ads. Transformational message strategies were more popular in PSD ads, and 'Social segment' and 'Routine segment' were most dominant message strategies. However, this trend was not consistent across the different product categories. 'Acute need' strategy has rarely been found across all product categories, and this is regretable as the competitive advantage of PSD ads. Some practical and academic suggestions are provided.

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating an environment necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Total of six different cases are made and performances are compared each other to find optimal vents operation to ensure safer environment for evacuation at the platform area considering the installation of platform screen door.

We have evaluated the structural stability of a platform screen door due to train wind pressure. The platform screen door was installed at the ground and underground station and had 65 meters in length. Also, the platform screen door was a safety device because it was placed between the train and the platform. The finite element analysis was used to calculate the stresses and deflections of platform screen door caused by wind pressure using ANSYS 10.0. Quasi-static analysis was introduced to save calculating time and check quickly structural performances when compared to those of transient analysis. The results show that structural stability of the platform screen door under train wind pressure is proven and quasi-static analysis can quickly check the structural integrity of platform screen door.

In a bid to evaluate the train wind pressure on platform screen door installed on the platform of the subway station, the field test was conducted in existing Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 2 in operation now. Variations in wind pressure on platform screen door, which were caused by the running train were measured depending on four different train operation patterns. The highest pressure of 28.1 kgf/$m^2$ was indicated on platform screen doors while two trains were passing the platform in different directions at a speed of 60 km/h.

Platform screen dorr (PSD) is equipment composed of screens and doors on the platform of subways or light trains, separating the platform from the railroad. The equipment is opened and closed in connection to the doors of carriages. In order to operate the system safely, it is important to understand the characteristics of key parts. There are many parts and environmental factors such as voltage, current and temperature change but the present study measured the change rate of torque and energy changes according to the temperature of the driving motor and analyzed the characteristics of the changes and examined the features of a motor required for stable PDS and the conformability of control programs.

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating such an environment as necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Additionally, four different vent modes are made and performances are compared with the original design mode and each other to find better operation of vents at both the platform and the trackway in case of fire. From the result, an vent operational characteristics under the condition of installed PSD is clarified for the effective smoke and heat removal from the platform area compared with non installed PSD.

본 연구는 플랫폼 스크린도어가 설치된 역사에서 화재시 스크린도어에 의한 효과와 화재에 대한 방재연구를 체계적으로 진행하기 위한 기초연구이다. 본문에는 스크린 도어의 종류와 특징에 대하여 기술하였다. 본 연구의 대상이 되는 스크린 도어에는 완전밀폐형이 설치된 역사를 대상으로 하였으며 승강장 종류는 섬식 승강장이다. 스크린 도어가 설치된 역사의 화재유동 전산수치모사에 화재전용 CFD code를 이용하여 수행하였다. 플랫폼 스크린도어의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 스크린도어가 설치된 경우와 설치되지 않은 경우를 해석 하였다. 또한 화원의 위치는 승강장과 선로부에 있는 경우로 나누었다. 화원의 성장시나리오는 Ultrafast model로 하였으며, 화원크기는 10MW로 하였다. 해석결과 플랫폼 스크린도어가 설치된 경우는 화원의 위치가 승강장에 있을 때 온도 및 연기의 전파가 주 탈출구인 계단에까지 4분 이내로 전파된다. 선로부에 있을 때는 스크린 도어에 의해 열, 연기 전파의 차단 효과가 있었다.

The present study is a basic investigation for systematically proceeding disaster prevention studying the effect of platform screen door in case of fire at the subway station. In the paper, the characteristics of screen door were surveyed and described. The fully closed platform screen door and the island type of subway station were employed for simulation-study. Numerical simulations of fire driven flow at the subway station with platform screen door were performed with commercial fire CFD code. For analyzing of the effect of platform screen door, the fire simulations with and without the platform screen door were compared. For the fire location, the one is located on the platform and the other case on the railway. The Ultrafast model was taken as fire growth scenario. The maximum heat release rate was 10MW. The propagated time of the heat and smoke to stairs was within 4 minute when the fire is located on the platform. However the heat and smoke propagation was block off by screen door when the fire is located on the railway.

In the present study, the wind pressure transients on platform screen door in side platforms caused by passing trains have been investigated numerically. The transient compressible 3-D full Navier-Stokes solution is obtained with actual operational condition of subway train and the moving mesh technique is adopted considering the train movement. To achieve more accurate analysis, the entrance and exit tunnel of platform are included in a computational domain and detailed shape of train is also modeled Numerical analyses were conducted on five operational condition which are different velocity variation of subway train, existence of stationary train and passing each other trains. The results show that pressure load on platform screen door is maximized when the two trains are passing each other. It is also seen from the computational results that the maximum pressure variation was found to be satisfactory to various foreign standards.

In order to maximize the effect of installing screen door system while to minimize the problems in an initial stage of introduction, it is strongly required to research an optimum installation solution in connection with ventilation and disaster prevention system alongside with safety structure analysis of screen door in respect to train-induced wind, as well as to develop the criteria for the operation after the installation. This paper presents the results of study to develop the optimum design technology in urban railway equipped with platform screen door systems.

In this paper, modeling of brushless DC motor (BLDC) driving system for platform screen door control applied fuel cell power generation system has been proposed. At first the system configuration and operational principle of the developed fuel cell simulator has been investigated and the design of BLDC motor driving system is studied and the overall performance and dynamics of the proposed system could be effectively examined by simulation. PSIM simulation program is implemented to verify the performance and compatibility of the fuel cell power generation system and BLDC motor control system modeling.

There exists required safety integrity level (SIL) to assure safety in accordance with international standards for every electrical / electronics / control equipment or systems with safety related functions. The SIL is allocated from lowest level (level 0) to highest level (level 4). In order to guarantee certain safety level that is internationally acceptable, application of methodology for SIL allocation and demonstration based on related international standards is required. However, the theoretical and practical study for safety integrity level is barely under way in the domestic railway industry. This research studied not only the global process of SIL allocation to guarantee safety in accordance with international standards for safety related equipment and system, but the quantitative methodology based on international standard and the semi-quantitative methodology as alternative way for SIL allocation. Specifically, the systematic SIL allocation for platform screen door system of railway is studied applying the semi-quantitative methodology in order to save much time and effort compared to quantitative method.

Platform Screen Door System (PSD)는 지하철 승객의 편의 및 안전을 위해 설치되기 시작하였고, 현재 전국 9개 운영기관이 관리하고 있는 824개 역사 중 전체의 71.8%에 해당하는 592개 역이 PSD를 운영 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 전동차 정차 위치에 따른 PSD와 전동차 가동문 사이의 개폐율 변화를 분석하였고, 수도권 지하철을 운행 중인 기관에서 제공받은 재차인원 자료 분석 및 피난시뮬레이션을 통해 각 역사별 피난소요시간을 산정하였다. 연구결과 승객이 매우 혼잡하게 밀집되는 일부 고밀도 역사에서는 PSD 개폐율에 따라 매우 위험한 상황이 초래될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 정위치에서 7 m 벗어난 곳에 정차할 경우 PSD의 고정 안전보호벽과 맞물려 열차 출입문 절반 이상이 폐쇄되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 기(旣) 설치된 PSD 고정안전보호벽을 모두 개폐 가능한 비상문으로 교체 및 개량하는 것을 제안한다.

The PSD (Platform Screen Door System) has been installed to enhance the passengers' safety. A total of 592 stations operate the PSD system, which is almost 71.8% of all stations in South Korea. This study compared the opening rate between the PSD and train door, and calculated the exact amount of passengers at peak time. In addition, the evacuation time was simulated by Pathfinder 2015 with the exact input data. Some of the high density stations have extremely high dangerous points about the passengers' evacuation at some situations by the PSD door opening rate. In particular, due to the interference of a fixed door, when it stops at 7 m less than the regular position, its opening rate becomes less than half of the normal state. To solve this problem, it should be made possible to open the fixed door by changing it to an emergency door or improving the PSD module system.

There exists required safety integrity level (SIL) to assure safety in accordance with international standards for every electrical / electronics / control equipment or systems with safety related functions. The SIL is allocated from lowest level (level 0) to highest level (level 4). In order to guarantee certain safety level that is internationally acceptable, application of methodology for SIL allocation and demonstration based on related international standards is required. However, application standard differs from every industry in domestic or international for application on mythology for allocation and demonstration of SIL. Application or assessment is not easy since absence on clear criteria or common definition. This research studied not only fundamental concept of SIL required to guarantee safety in accordance with international standards for safety related equipment and system, but different types of methodologies for SIL allocation. Specifically, SIL allocation for Platform Screen Door system of railway is studied applying methodology of severity of accidents and risk graph among different methodologies for SIL allocation.

This paper presents a case study of PSD(Platform Screen Door) system assurance based on EN50126 life-cycle stage. By applying this system assurance, the accidents related to urban light transit railway especially that caused casualties could be reduced tremendously. This case study contributes significantly to the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of the PSD system. Request For Proposal (RFP) of a rail road operator in which required by RAMS is prepared in which to ensure all system assurance activity and safety assessment are compulsory. The step-by-step activities and related deliverables are used which include functional analysis, FMECA, hazard identification analysis, system hazard analysis, maintainability analysis, FRACAS, and finally verification and validation of the system.

In this study, fire simulations were performed to analyze the characteristics of the fire driven flow and the effects of the platform screen door on the smoke flow in the station, when the fire occurred in the center of the platform. Soongsil Univ. station (line number 7, 47m in depth underground) was chosen which was the one of the deepest underground subway stations in the Seoul metro, SMRT. The parallel computational method was employed to compute the heat and mass transfer eqn's with 6 CPUs of the linux clustering machine. The fire driven flow was simulated with using FDS code in which LES method was applied. The Heat release rate was 10MW and The Ultrafast model was applied for the growing model of the fire source. The 10,000,000 structured grids were used.