Earticle

캔버스 부분 보강처리에 사용되는 접착제는 선행연구 조사를 통해 배접(Lining)용 접착 제와 동일한 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 배접용 접착제의 부분 보강처리 적용에 따른 물성에 대 한 평가나 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 부분 보강처리에 적용하였을 때 나타나는 표면 변화 양상 및 물리적 특성을 제시하였다. 선행연구를 통해 선정된 배접용 접착제 7종에 대하여 접촉각 측정과 부분 보강처리 적용에 따른 색상 변화, 표면 변화, 인장강도 평가를 진행 하였다. 열화 실험 결과 밀가루 풀(Glue-paste)는 수분에 취약하였으며 환경 변화 시 유연성이 저하되었다. Beva film은 환경 변화 시 접착력의 저하가 가장 심하였다. 밀가루 풀과 Beva film의 경우 색상 변화에 가장 취약하였으며 주로 황변, 갈변과 같은 변색이 나타났다. Plextol B500은 환경 변화 시 접착력 및 유연성의 증가 폭이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. Welding powder는 환경 변화 시 높은 접착력에 비해 낮은 변형률이 확인되었으며, 캔버스 천 전면에 변형이 나타 났다. 성분이 동일한 접착제 간 친수성이 높은 경우 항복응력 및 최대 변형률의 감소가 확인되 었다. 이는 친수성 특성이 접착력과 유연성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 열분해온도 및 유리전이온도가 낮은 접착제는 접착력 및 유연성의 변화폭이 크게 확인되었다. 부분 보강처 리 적용 후 환경 변화 노출에 따른 접착력의 급격한 저하 또는 증가는 보강천의 탈락, 캔버스 천의 변형과 같은 문제를 유발할 수 있다.

Canvas patching utilizes various adhesives for localized reinforcement treatment, yet evaluations of their properties remain insufficient. This study presents surface changes and physical properties observed when seven types of lining adhesives, selected from prior research, were applied. Evaluations included contact angles, color changes, surface alterations, and tensile strength. Results indicated that glue paste was highly susceptible to moisture and exhibited decreased flexibility with environmental changes, while Beva film showed the most significant reduction in adhesion. Both glue paste and Beva film were sensitive to color changes, primarily displaying yellowing and browning. Plextol B500 demonstrated the greatest increase in adhesion and flexibility under environmental stress. Welding powder exhibited high adhesion but lower strain rates, causing notable deformations across the canvas. Within the same adhesive composition, higher hydrophilicity correlated with reduced yield stress and maximum strain, suggesting that hydrophilicity affects adhesion and flexibility. Adhesives with lower thermal decomposition and glass transition temperatures experienced greater changes in adhesion and flexibility. Rapid changes in adhesion following localized reinforcement treatment can lead to issues like peeling of reinforcing fabric or deformation of the canvas.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to develop an urgent road-repair system and perform a field applicability test, as well as discover the optimum mix design for machine applications compared to the optimum mix design for lab applications. METHODS : According to reviews of the patent and developed equipment, self-propelled and mix-in-place equipment types are suitable for urgent pavement repair, e.g., potholes and cracks. The machine-application mix design was revised based on the optimum lab-test mix design, and the field application of a spray-injection system was performed on the job site. The mixture from the machine application and lab application was subjected to a wet-track abrasion test and a wheel-tracking test to calibrate the machine application. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : This study showed that the binder content could differ for the lab application and the machine application in the same setting. Based on the wet-track abrasion test result, the binder contents of the machine application exceeded the binder contents of the lab application by 1-1.5% on the same setting value. Moreover, the maximum dynamic stability value for the machine application showed 1% lower binder contents than the maximum lab-application value. Collectively, the results of the two different tests showed that the different sizes and operating methods of the machine and lab applications could affect the mix designs. Further studies will be performed to verify the bonding strength and monitor the field application.

PURPOSES : This study aims to develop a repair material that can enhance pavement performance, inducing rapid traffic opening through early strength development and fast setting time by utilizing MgO-based patching materials for repairing road pavements. METHODS : To consider the applicability of MgO-based patching materials for repairing domestic road pavements, first, strength development and setting time of the materials were evaluated, based on MgO to $KH_2PO_4$ ratio, water to binder ratio, and addition ratio of retarder (Borax), by which the optimal mixture ratio of the developed material was obtained. To validate the performance of the developed material as a repair material, the strength(compressive strength and bonding strength) and durability (freezing, thawing, and chloride ion penetration resistance) was checked through testing, and its applicability was evaluated. RESULTS : The results showed that when an MgO-based patching material was used, the condensation time was reduced by 80%, and the compressive strength was enhanced by approximately 300%, as compared to existing cement-based repair materials. In addition, it was observed that the strength (compressive strength and bonding strength) and durability (freezing and thawing, and chloride ion penetration resistance) showed an excellent performance that satisfied the regulations. CONCLUSIONS : The results imply that an emergent repair/restoration could be covered by a rapid-hardening cement to meet the traffic limitation (i.e. the traffic restriction is only several hours for repair treatment). Furthermore, MgO-based patching materials can improve bonding strength and durability compared to existing repair materials.

Objectives : To study and compare the effects of monocular patching and half-eyes patching on the unilateral neglect of stroke patients.Methods : Eleven stroke patients with the unilateral neglect were enrolled. To these patients eight tests such as line bisection test, Albert’s test, letter cancellation test, shape cancellation test, house copying, daisy copying, clock drawing, and reading task were applied for the evalua-tion of the unilateral neglect. These tests were done without patching and with monocular and half-eyes patching respectively.Results : Eye patching methods were effective for reducing the unilateral neglect in 11.1 ∼ 57.1% of patients. Half-eyes patching was significantly effective in clock drawing test(p=.02), In general half-eyes patching was more effective than monocular patching.Conclusion : We suggest that eye patching method could be used as an effective and prac-tical way to reduce the unilateral neglect of the stroke patients.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of typing speed and accuracy according to 4 different typing aids on computer keyboard and mouse use. Method: The subjects of this study were 11 of C6∼C7 complete injury patients who had been over six months after injury, and four style of the typing aids, finger, slip-on, band, and modified finger, were used in this study. Each data of typing aid was collected by measuring typing speed and accuracy and analysed with SPSS 10.0. Results: The measured result according to 4 typing aids in typing speed showed that a modified finger typing aid was 41.09 as the highest performance and a bend typing aid was 33.27 as the lowest performance. The typing speed through styles was statistically significant(p<0.05). The measured result according to typing aid style in typing accuracy showed that a bend typing aid was 96.45% as the highest performance and a finger typing aid was 95.45% as the lowest performance. The typing accuracy through styles was not statistically significant(p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that modified typing aid seems to be the most efficient among four style of typing aids. Thus, modified typing aid can be an available typing aid having both functional and cosmetic factor for C6∼C7 complete injured patients. In the future use of the modified typing aid should be needed much more as well as its reevaluation should be performed.

Objective: To explore the effect of a eye patching technique in order to decrease patients’ unilateral neglect. For this study, eye patching is easy to get and a simple method that most patients find acceptable. Method: This study used the ABA design. The subject was a male patient at the age of 66 who had the left hemiplegia and left unilateral neglect caused by right cerebral vascular accident. He was required to wear the eye patching on the right eye during all the period of ADL because unilateral neglect causes many problems in the majority of ADL. The assessments for the unilateral neglect had been performed by the Line bisection and the Albert test once a session (day). Results: Regarding the Means of the errors to the Line bisection and the Albert test, the Means of the errors was decreased during the period of the intervention (B) and was decreased after the withdrawal (A'). Conclusions: Right monocular patching was effective to release the unilateral neglect. Further study is necessary to increase the sample size and the duration of experiments.

The chloride ion migration coefficient of polymer modified cement mortar (PCM) used as patching repair materials to the deteriorated RC structure was tested by NT BUILD 492 method. To evaluate performance of repaired section against incoming Chloride Ion, 2D-numerical analysis model (FEM) was developed. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ion decreased in proportion to the polymer cement ratio. It became clear through the analysis of FEM model that the performance change over time after repair depend on the removal range of retrograded concrete and the time of repair application.

Most people do not think seriously about the concept of time management, just to spend the precious time sheets. Regular life can sustain mental and physical health. That's why time management is an important factor in living. In the thesis, smart alarm patch is designed using a wireless communication NFC technology that gradually develop and attract attention. Due to the alarm, regular hours is helped to improve the quality of life. For this, analysis was performed using the UML in this system, linked to the smart alarm system patches and NFC technology, Java Script language, Adobe Muse CC was used embody web document and mobile content.

In this paper, we propose a stream based patching technique in order to reduce demands of network output bandwidth required to provide the true video-on-demand (VoD) service in a Multimedia server. The proposed scheme calculates required streams to clients accurately by analyzing temporal relationships between already arrived requests in a multimedia server and still progressing streams, and then transmits streams freshly. Since our stream based patching technique induces new linking stream which is playing a link role between long and short patching streams, it reduces demand of network output bandwidth required to provide the true VoD service in a multimedia server. Accordingly, we know that the proposed scheme improves service latency and defection rate than those of existing patching technique by a simulation study.

최근 그룹 통신 분야에서 전통적으로 대표되는 IP 멀티캐스트의 대안기술로서 호스트기반 멀티캐스트 및 P2P시스템은 기존의 IP 멀티캐스트의 단점을 극복하고자 하는 연구이다. 이러한 호스트기반 멀티캐스트는 사용자 중심의 서비스를 제공함으로써 다양한 네트워크 환경에서 누구나 사용자들이 효율적으로 데이터를 공유하게 해주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 협동 기반의 호스트 멀티캐스트를 사용하여 미디어 서비스를 제공하는 VOD 시스템 전반에 관한 연구를 수행하고 이러한 VOD의 서비스를 고도화 하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로는 패칭 기법을 사용하여 사용자간의 전달 지연을 최소화 할 수 있는 효율적인 자료 전송 경로를 설정 방법과 주문형 비디오 서버를 위한 현실적인 호스트 기반 멀티캐스트 트리 구성 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

최근 그룹 통신 분야에서 전통적으로 대표되는 IP 멀티캐스트의 대안기술로서 호스트기반 멀티캐스트 및 P2P시스템은 기존의 IP 멀티캐스트의 단점을 극복하고자 하는 연구이다. 이러한 호스트기반 멀티캐스트는 사용자 중심의 서비스를 제공함으로써 다양한 네트워크 환경에서 누구나 사용자들이 효율적으로 데이터를 공유하게 해주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 협동 기반의 호스트 멀티캐스트를 사용하여 미디어 서비스를 제공하는 VOD 시스템 전반에 관한 연구를 수행하고 이러한 VOD의 서비스를 고도화 하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로는 패칭 기법을 사용하여 사용자간의 전달 지연을 최소화 할 수 있는 효율적인 자료 전송 경로를 설정 방법과 주문형 비디오 서버를 위한 현실적인 호스트 기반 멀티캐스트 트리 구성 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

최근 방송통신융합 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 상황에서 주문형비디오 서비스에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주문형비디오 서비스의 구현을 위해 기존의 배칭 기법 중 Fast Data broadcasting 방식을 활용한 패칭 기법을 제안한다. 대역폭이 제한되어 있는 통신 환경에서 사용자는 요청한 비디오를 시청하기까지 일정 시간을 기다려야 하는데, 사용자 요청 시점 이전 데이터를 Fast Data broadcasting 방식을 적용한 패칭 채널을 통해 전송함으로써 대기 시간을 크게 줄이는 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

Recursive Patching is an efficient multicast technique for large-scale video on demand systems and recursively shares existing video streams with asynchronous clients. When Recursive Patching initiates a transition stream, it always makes a transition stream have additional data for the worst future request. In order to share a VOD server's limited network bandwidth efficiently, this paper proposes Practical Patching that removes the unnecessary data included in the transition stream. The proposed Practical Patching dynamically expands ongoing transition streams when a new request actually arrives at the server. As a result, the transition streams never have unnecessary data. Simulation result confirmed that the proposed technique is better than Recursive Patching in terms of service latency and defection rate.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily arisingfrom the stomach. With the widespread utilization of and technical advancements in endoscopy, gastric GISTs are being increasinglydetected at an early stage, enabling complete endoscopic resection. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is an advancedtechnique that has been recognized as a treatment tool for neoplasms in the digestive tract in selected patients. Although a numberof methods are available, closing large iatrogenic defects after EFTR can be a concern in clinical practice. If this potential problem isappropriately solved, patients with gastric GISTs would be suitable candidates for resection utilizing this technique. To our knowledge,this is the first study to propose omental patching and purse-string endosuture closure following EFTR as a feasible endoscopic optionin patients with gastric GISTs.

Purpose: To compare the characteristics of patients with surgically overcorrected intermittent exotropia treated with alternate patching. Methods: The medical records of 51 patients who underwent bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia and required alternate patching to correct postoperative overcorrection were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with postoperative esodeviation ≥18 prism diopters (PD) were started on alternate patching on postoperative day 1, whereas those with postoperative esodeviation of 10 to 17 PD were started after 2 weeks. Postoperative esodeviation <10 PD was considered as slight intentional overcorrection after exotropia surgery. Patients not responsive to alternate patching treatment were defined as those with postoperative esodeviation ≥10 PD after 3 months of treatment. Sex, family history, age, refractive error, amblyopia, stereopsis, suppression, type of exotropia, surgical method, preoperative and postoperative angle of deviation, and start time of alternate patching were compared. Results: Among 51 patients, 29 patients responded to alternate patching and 22 patients did not respond. Female sex (p = 0.04), larger preoperative exodeviation at distance (p = 0.04), late onset of postoperative maximal esodeviation (p < 0.01), larger postoperative maximal esodeviation at near (p = 0.02), and late initiation of alternate patching (p = 0.01) were associated with patients in the non-responsive group. Although postoperative angle of deviation was similar for 2 weeks, the angle of postoperative esodeviation was significantly larger in the non-responsive group than in the responsive group, beginning at 1 month postoperatively. Conclusions: Female sex, large preoperative exodeviation, late initiation of alternate patching, and large esodeviation 1-month postoperative predisposed patients to be resistant to alternate patching for postoperative overcorrection.

In this paper, we present a set of numerical schemes to solve the Muller integral equation for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional (3-D) dielectric bodies by applying the method of moments (MoM). The piecewise homogeneous dielectric structure is approximated by planar triangular patches. A set of the RWG (Rao, Wilton, Glisson) functions is used for expansion of the equivalent electric and magnetic current densities and a combination of the RWG function and its orthogonal component is used for testing. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that only some testing procedures for the Muller integral equation yield a valid solution even at a frequency corresponding to an internal resonance of the structure. Numerical results for a dielectric sphere are presented and compared with solutions obtained using other formulations.

목적: 약시에 대한 매일과 격일 가림치료의 효과가 차이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 두 방법을 전향적으로 비교하였다. 대상과 방법: 초진 후 두 눈 시력이 2줄 이상 차이 나는 경우, 조절마비굴절검사 결과에 따라 안경을 처방하였다. 4개월 후 최대교정시력 기준으로 약시로 확진된 45명 환아를 무작위로 매일과 격일 가림치료군으로 나누었다. 매일 가림치료군 24명은 매일, 격일 가림치료군 21명은 격일로 나쁜 눈의 시력에 따라 2-6시간 동안 좋은 눈을 가리도록 하였고, 달력에 가린 날을 표시하도록 하였다. 치료후 1, 3, 6, 9개월째 시력 및 치료 순응도를 조사하였고, 두 눈 시력이 한 줄 이하로 차이 나는 경우를 치료 성공으로 정의해 최종성공률을 분석하였다. 결과: 치료 시작 시 매일과 격일 가림치료군 간에 나이, 약시안 최대교정시력, 약시 원인, 그리고 총 치료기간은 유의한 차이 없었다. 두 군 모두 치료 후 1개월부터 치료 시작 시에 비해 시력이 유의하게 호전되었다. 최종 내원 시 두 군 간 시력이 호전된 줄 수(3.8줄:3.7줄, p=0.754), 성공률(50.0%:81.0%, p=0.060) 및 순응도(94.5%:96.3%, p=0.803)에 유의한 차이 없었으나, 최종 약시안 시력은 격일가림군에서 유의하게 좋았다(0.2 logMAR:0.1 logMAR, p=0.042). 결론: 약시의 가림치료 방법으로 매일과 격일 가림 간에 최종 시력은 격일 가림치료군이 좋았고, 치료의 순응도, 시력이 호전된 줄수 및 성공률은 유의한 차이 없었다. 따라서, 약시에 대한 가림치료의 한 방법으로 격일 가림을 고려할 수 있겠다.

Purpose: We compared the results of daily patching and alternate-day patching to treat amblyopia. Methods: Patients with difference in the visual acuity (VA) between the eyes of at least two lines were prescribed spectacles accordingto the result of cycloplegic refraction. After 4 months, 45 patients with confirmed amblyopia were randomly assigned todaily patching or alternate-day patching group. Patients were patched daily in the daily patching group (n = 24), and patched everyother day in another group. The patching time was 2-6 hours according to the VA of the amblyopic eye. The parents wereasked to mark on a calendar whether their child performed occlusion or not. The main outcome measure was the mean VA ofamblyopic eye and compliance of occlusion after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. The success of treatment was defined if difference of VAbetween the eyes was less than or equal to 1 line. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, type of amblyopia, VA of the amblyopic eye and totaltreatment duration. VA of the amblyopic eye was significantly improved at 1 month after occlusion in both groups. At the final visitin both groups, the number of improved VA lines in the amblyopic eye (3.8 lines:3.7 lines, p = 0.754), the final success rate(50.0%:81.0%, p = 0.060) and the compliance of occlusion (94.5%:96.3%, p = 0.803) were not different significantly, but VA ofthe amblyopic eye (0.2 log MAR:0.1 log MAR, p = 0.042) was better in the alternate-day patching group than that in another group. Conclusions: There was no difference in the number of improved VA lines in the amblyopic eye, nor were there differences insuccess rate and compliance of occlusion between the two groups. The final VA was better in the alternate-day patching groupthan another group. Therefore, the alternate-day patching method is another possible option for the treatment of amblyopia.

기존의 온라인 게임 클라이언트의 패치 방법은 비효율적이고, 클라이언트 데이터의 무결성을 보장하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 온라인 게임 클라이언트를 위한 안전한 패치 방안에 대하여 알아보고, 구현을 위한 기술적 방안으로써 MD5 메시지 축약 알고리즘의 활용에 대해 기술한다.

본 논문은 클라이언트 버퍼 확장 기법과 프록시 프리픽스 캐싱을 응용하여 기존의 패칭 기법의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 새로운 패칭 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 프록시에서 비디오의 프리픽스를 캐싱하여 패칭 윈도우 크기를 확장한다. 또한 클라이언트의 버퍼로 부터 오버플로우된 스트림을 공유하고 저장하기 위해 프록시 버퍼를 통해 클라이언트의 버퍼 공간을 확장한다. 프록시에서 프리픽스와 패칭 윈도우 크기가 확장되므로 기존의 패칭 기법보다 서버의 대역폭 요구량이 현저히 줄어들게 된다. 성능 평가를 통해 제안된 기법이 서버의 대역폭 요구량을 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

본 논문은 클라이언트 버퍼 확장 기법과 프록시 프리픽스 캐싱을 응용하여 기존의 패칭 기법의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 새로운 패칭 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 프록시에서 비디오의 프리픽스를 캐싱하여 패칭 윈도우 크기를 확장한다. 또한 클라이언트의 버퍼로 부터 오버플로우된 스트림을 공유하고 저장하기 위해 프록시 버퍼를 통해 클라이언트의 버퍼 공간을 확장한다. 프록시에서 프리픽스와 패칭 윈도우 크기가 확장되므로 기존의 패칭 기법보다 서버의 대역폭 요구량이 현저히 줄어들게 된다. 성능 평가를 통해 제안된 기법이 서버의 대역폭 요구량을 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.