Earticle

본 연구는 부상식 기초가 사용되는 오일샌드 플랜트의 하부기초에 소형강관 말뚝이나 마이크로 파일 등을 마찰말뚝개념으로 사용할 경우 발생할 수 있는 말뚝의 개별 침하나 부상을 1개의 군으로 연결하여 복합거동이 가능하도록 하는 복합거동 연결체에 관한 것이다. 이에 기존의 무리말뚝과 파일드 래프트(piled raft) 기초의 장점을 오일샌드 플랜트에 적용하기 위한 복합거동 연결체의 형상을 검증하기 위하여 축소모형을 제작, 하중에 대한 거동을 계측하고 이를 통해 장치의 안정성 및 취약 부위를 선정하여 연결체의 형태를 결정하였다.

The connector of the complex behavior is to connect the individual piles of the pile to the lower foundation of the oil sand plant where the floating foundation is used. In this study, to verify the shape of a connector of the complex behavior for applying the advantages of existing group pile and piled raft foundation to an oil sand plant, a scaled model was constructed to measure the behavior of the load.

Monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) logics such as M3D-NAND, M3D-NOR, M3D-buffer, M3D 2×1 multiplexer, and M3D D flip-flop, consisting of modularized M3D inverters (M3D-INVs), have been proposed. In the previous M3D logic, each M3D logic had to be designed separately for a standard cell library. The proposed M3D logic is designed by placing modularized M3D-INVs and connecting interconnects such as metal lines or monolithic inter-tier-vias between M3D-INVs. The electrical characteristics of the previous and proposed M3D logics were simulated using the technology computer-aided design and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis with the extracted parameters of the previously developed LETI-UTSOI MOSFET model for n- and p-type MOSFETs and the extracted external capacitances. The area, propagation delay, falling/rising times, and dynamic power consumption of the proposed M3D logic are lower than those of previous versions. Despite the larger space and lower performance of the proposed M3D logic in comparison to the previous versions, it can be easily designed with a single modularized M3D-INV and without having to design all layouts of the logic gates separately.

Nanopositioning technologies play an important role in the progress of electronics, optics, bio-engineering and various nano-scale technologies. As a result, various practical nanopositioning methods have been successfully introduced. Flexure mechanism is a valuable method in nanopositioning because of smooth and friction-free motion and the infinitesimal movement near to sub-nm. In this study a modularized nanopositioner based on parallelogram four-bar linkage structure with right-circular flexure hinge was developed. The positioning performance of a single axis nanopositioner and a XY nanopositioner which was extended from single axis one were demonstrated using control experiments. Consequently, it was shown that the developed single axis nanopositioner possessed high performance and could be extended to various multi-axis nanopositioners.

최근 CNC에는 또 하나의 전기를 마련할 수 있는 여러 가지 새로운 이슈들이 등장하고 있다. 첫 번째 이슈는 고도로 발달해가고 있는 반도체 산업의 영항으로 CPU의 속도가 기하급수적으로 달라지고 있고 메모리 용량이 상상을 초월할 정도로 급속한 발전을 거듭하고 있다. 이런 환경 속에서 자연스럽게 CNC도 성능이 우수한 하드웨어와 그 성능에 어울리는 고급 소프트웨어 탑재가 요구된다. 두 번째 이슈는 기존의 공작기계에서 생각하지 못했던 개념의 변화이다.(중략)

Modern systems development becomes more and more complicated due to the need on the ever-increasing capability of the systems. In addition to the complexity issue, safety concern is also increasing since the malfunctions of the systems under development may result in the accidents in both the test and evaluation phase and the operation phase. Those accidents can cause disastrous damages if explosiveness gets involved therein such as in weapon systems development. The subject of this paper is on how to incorporate safety requirements in the design of safety-critical systems. As an approach, a useful system structure using the method of design structure matrix (DSM) is studied while reflecting the need on systems safety. Specifically, the effects of system components failure are analyzed and numerically modeled first. Also, the system components are identified and their interfaces are represented using a component DSM. Combining the results of the failure analysis and the component DSM leads to a modified DSM. By rearranging the resultant DSM, a modular structure is derived with safety requirements incorporated. As a case study, application of the approach is also discussed in the development of a military UAV plane.

본 연구는 충북소재 A대학의 교양교육에서 말하기 역량 향상을 목적으로 운영 되던 기초 말하기 교과목이 교육과정 개편을 통해 분절ㆍ축소되면서 나타난 교육 적 변화를 분석하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 2023년까지 통합형으로 운영되던 말하기 교과목과 2024년 이후 네 개 교과목으로 분절되어 운영된 사례를 대상으 로 교과 구조와 수업 운영 조건의 변화를 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 연구 방법으로는 강의계획서 분석과 수업 운영에 대한 질적 사례연구를 중심으 로 하되, 교과목 운영 방식 변화 전후에 실시된 말하기 역량 진단 자료를 함께 활 용하여 분석의 타당성을 보완하였다. 분석 결과, 통합형 말하기 교과목은 충분한 수업 시수와 단계적 설계를 바탕으로 학생들에게 말하기 경험을 누적적으로 제공함으로써 말하기에 대한 참여와 수행을 안정적으로 유도하는 구조를 갖추고 있었 던 반면, 교과목 분절 이후에는 말하기 역량의 통합성과 학습 경험의 연속성이 약 화된 것으로 나타났다. 특히 기초 말하기 경험이 충분히 형성되지 않은 상태에서 팀 기반 토의나 토론을 요구하는 교과목에서는 학생들의 심리적 부담과 참여 위축 이 두드러지게 관찰되었다. 아울러 교과목 분절과 수업 시수 축소 이후 실시된 말하기 역량 진단 결과에서 는, 이전 운영 시기와 비교하여 말하기 역량 전반에서 변화가 나타난 양상이 확인 되었다. 이는 수업 현장에서 관찰된 말하기 실습 기회의 감소와 학습 경험의 단절 이 실제 역량 형성과도 일정한 관련성을 가질 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 대학 교양교육에서 말하기 교과목의 교육적 효과가 개별 교과목의 세 분화나 선택권 확대에 의해 자동적으로 확보되지 않음을 보여주며, 기초 말하기 교 과의 경우 통합적 운영과 충분한 수업 시수 확보가 중요함을 시사한다. 이러한 논 의는 향후 교양교육과정 개편에서 기초 말하기 교과목의 위상과 운영 원칙을 재검토하는 데 실증적 근거를 제공할 것이다.

This study examines the educational implications of curricular restructuring in foundational speaking courses within university liberal arts education. Focusing on a case in which an integrated speaking course was operated until 2023 and subsequently fragmented into four separate courses from 2024 onward, the study analyzes changes in course structure and instructional conditions following the reform. In addition, instructional hours for these courses were reduced beginning in 2025. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research analyzes course syllabi and instructional practices to examine changes in students’ learning experiences. To enhance analytical validity, the study also incorporates speaking competence assessment data collected before and after the curricular restructuring. The findings indicate that the integrated course model provided students with cumulative and sequential speaking experiences supported by sufficient instructional time, which facilitated stable participation and skill development. In contrast, after course fragmentation, the continuity and integrative nature of speaking instruction weakened. In particular, courses that required team-based discussion or debate without sufficient foundational speaking experience tended to increase students’ psychological burden and reduce active participation. Moreover, assessment results administered after the restructuring revealed discernible changes in overall speaking competence compared to the earlier period. These findings suggest that reductions in speaking practice opportunities and disruptions in learning continuity may be associated not only with students’ perceived difficulties but also with changes in measurable competence. This study highlights that the educational effectiveness of speaking instruction in liberal arts education cannot be ensured solely through course diversification or expanded student choice. Instead, it argues that foundational speaking courses require integrated design and adequate instructional time to support meaningful learning experiences. The findings offer empirical insights for reexamining the role and operating principles of foundational speaking courses in future liberal arts education curriculum reforms.

In mass customization environment, how to quickly meet customer's demands by cluster order demand was proposed in this paper. The customer demand model was established using handling the mass customer orders. In order to improve the efficiency of the configuration, the product family model was established based on the composition of custom module and universal module. By extracting the attributes of product family and demand characteristics of customer orders, the match relationship between order needs and product family was created by similarity, and product configuration program was obtained. Finally, an example of a reducer is presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

In mass customization environment, how to quickly meet customer's demands by cluster order demand was proposed in this paper. The customer demand model was established using handling the mass customer orders. In order to improve the efficiency of the configuration, the product family model was established based on the composition of custom module and universal module. By extracting the attributes of product family and demand characteristics of customer orders, the match relationship between order needs and product family was created by similarity, and product configuration program was obtained. Finally, an example of a reducer is presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

This paper describes an approach for synthesizing a modularized gain scheduled PD type fuzzy logic controller(FLC) of nonlinear magnetic bearing system where the gains of FLC are on-line adapted according to the operating point. Specifically the systematic procedure via root locus technique is carried out for the selection of the gains of FLC. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed gain scheduled fuzzy logic controller yields not only maximization of stability boundary but also better control performance than a single operating point (without gain scheduling)fuzzy controller.

This study developed a safety assessment tool for geological disposal systems called APro, a systemically integrated modeling system based on modularizing and coupling the processes which need to be considered in a geological disposal system. Thermal, hydraulic, chemical, canister failure, radionuclide release and transport processes were considered in the current version of APro. Each of the unit processes in APro consists of a single Default Module, and several Alternative Modules which can increase the flexibility of the model. As an initial stage of developing the modularization concept and modeling interface, the Default Modules of each unit process were described, with one Alternative Module of chemical process. The computation part of APro is mainly a MATLAB workspace controlling COMSOL and PHREEQC, which are coupled by an operator splitting scheme. The APro model domain is a stylized geological disposal system employing the Swedish disposal concept (KBS-3 type), but the repository layout can be freely adjusted. In order to show the applicability of APro to the total system performance assessment of geological disposal system, some sample simulations were conducted. From the results, it was confirmed that coupling of the thermal and hydraulic processes and coupling of the canister failure and the radionuclide release processes were well reflected in APro. In addition, the technical connectivity between COMSOL and PHREEQC was also confirmed.

The series connected battery cells are mainly used in high voltage battery pack application. However parameter inequality of each battery cell makes battery voltage imbalance problem. In this paper, a new balancing circuit utilizing converter scheme for the series connected battery cells is proposed. Proposed circuit offers easy control and fast equalization time. Moreover the circuit can be used in a practical application because it has high modularity and can operate during the charging/discharging cycle. To show its superiorness and effectiveness, the principle of proposed circuit is explained with computer simulation and experiment is carried out using lithium-ion battery.

The multi-driver off-road vehicle drive-line consists of many components, with close connections among them. In order to design and analyze the drive-line efficiently, a modular methodology should be taken. The aim of a modular approach to the modeling of complex systems is to support behavior analysis and simulation in an iterative and thus complex engineering process, by using encapsulated submodels of components and of their interfaces. Multi-driver off-road vehicles are comparatively complicated. The driving-line is an important core part to the vehicle, it has a significant contribution to the performance. Multi-driver off-road vehicles have complex driving-lines, so performance is heavily dependent on the driving-line. A typical off-road vehicle's driving-line system consists of a torque converter, transmission, transfer case and driving-axles, which transfers the power generated by the engine and distributes it effectively to the driving wheels according to the road condition. According to its main function, this paper proposes a modularized approach for design and evaluation of the vehicle's driving-line. It can be used to effectively estimate the performance of the driving-line during the concept design stage. Through an appropriate analysis and assessment method, an optimal design can be reached. This method has been applied to practical vehicle design, it can improve the design efficiency and is convenient to assess and validate the performance of a vehicle, especially of multi-driver off-road vehicles.

Modularized GPS software defined radio (SDR) has many advantages of applying and modifying algorithm. Hardware based GPS receiver uses many hardware parts (such as RF front, correlators, CPU and other peripherals) that process tracked signal and navigation data to calculate user position, while SDR uses software modules, which run on general purpose CPU platform or embedded DSP. SDR does not have to change hardware part and is not limited by hardware capability when new processing algorithm is applied. The weakness of SDR is that software correlation takes lots of processing time. However, in these days the evolution of processing power of MPU and DSP leads the competitiveness of SDR against the hardware GPS receiver. This paper shows a study of modulization of GPS software platform and it presents development of the GNSS software platform using MATLAB Simulink™. We focus on post processing SDR platform which is usually adapted in research area. The main functions of SDR are GPS signal acquisition, signal tracking, decoding navigation data and calculating stand alone user position from stored data that was down converted and sampled intermediate frequency (IF) data. Each module of SDR platform is categorized by function for applicability for applying for other frequency and GPS signal easily. The developed software platform is tested using stored data which is down-converted and sampled IF data file. The test results present that the software platform calculates user position properly.

$\textbullet$ modularized personal robot controller $\textbullet$ module interface $\textbullet$ The structure of the virtual machine $\textbullet$ RPL (Robot Programming Language) $\textbullet$ compiler $\textbullet$ Port Configuration $\textbullet$ API

This paper proposes a State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing control of Battery Power Modules (BPMs) for a modularized battery for Electric Vehicles (EVs) without additional balancing circuits. The BPMs are substituted with the single converter in EVs located between the battery and the inverter. The BPM is composed of a two-phase interleaved boost converter with battery modules. The discharge current of each battery module can be controlled individually by using the BPM to achieve a balanced state as well as increased utilization of the battery capacity. Also, an SOC balancing method is proposed to reduce the equalization time, which satisfies the regulation of a constant DC-link voltage and a demand of the output power. The proposed system and the SOC balancing method are verified through simulation and experiment.

본 논문은 배터리 셀 전압의 균등화에 대한 새로운 회로를 제안한다. 제안한 회로는 확장된 다권선 변압기를 이용한 회로로 변압기 사이에 있는 권선을 연결하여 모듈 간의 밸런싱 동작이 이루어지게 하는 회로이다. 밸런싱 성능을 분석하기 위하여 Cantilever 변압기 모델을 사용하였는데 이 모델을 통하여 모듈 간의 밸런싱 편차를 도출하였다. 기존의 회로와는 대조적으로 이 제안된 회로는 모듈화 및 제어가 쉽고 무엇보다도 배터리 수에 제한이 없다는 점이 장점이다. 이것은 고전압을 요구하는 하이브리드 전기 자동차(HEV)와 같은 어플리케이션에서의 밸런싱된 많은 직렬 연결된 배터리 셀 전압에 중요한 이점들이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 회로의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 이론적으로 분석하고 6개의 배터리 셀들을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다.

Purpose: Problem Based Learning (PBL) has been considered the innovative instructional methodology for medical education. Applying PBL to real life medical education has several difficulties, such as providing learning materials with enough depth and breadth, a shortage of space for small collaborative learning, and a shortage of PBL instructors. Methods: The proposed system takes advantage of web-based education and structured contents development. In particular, for structured contents development, we introduce the concept of 'module', the independent and object-oriented contents unit, which can be easily reused and interchanged among the different course developments. Results: Through modularized course development, lecturers are able to reduce their efforts and expenses for new curriculum development. This would be done by combining courses or developing interdisciplinary courses by reusing the existing learning modules. It supports the learner-centered, and small collaborative learning, which are main strategies of PBL by providing the functions of the various interaction facility production (BBS, discussion site, etc) in cyber space. Conclustion: This system provides the detailed categories for modules as a basic, learning guide, prerequisite/supplementary/elaborated learning, regular learning, experiment/practice/training, and evaluation not to lose one's bearings.

자연언어처리 분야에서 형태소 분석은 가장 기본적인 단계로서 응용 시스템의 목적에 따라 사용되는 형태소 분석기의 수준과 사용 정보가 달라진다. 기존의 형태소분석기의 기능을 다른 목적을 지닌 응용 시스템에서 사용하려 할 때, 분석수준과 사용정보의 이질성으로 인해 변경 또는 확장하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 이러한 형태소 분석기의 변경과 확장에 대한 다양한 요구를 수용하기 위한 방법으로서 재사용가능한 모듈화된 형태소 분석기의 구현을 제안한다. 모듈화된 형태소 분석기는 구성 요소인 모듈들의 독립성과 재사용성을 보장하기 때문에 확장과 보수가 쉽고, 특정한 요구사항에 대하여 새로운 형태소 분석기를 구현하는데 기존의 모듈들을 사용함으로써 시스템의 개발 시간을 단축시킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 모듈들의 사용성을 보여주기 위해 전처리기, 형태소 분석기, 명사 추출기, 태거 등을 하나의 시스템 안에 모듈화된 개념으로 구현하였고, 형태소 분석기는 사전, 음운 변화 처리, 결합 검사, 분석 알고리즘 등을 모듈화하여 재사용할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.