Earticle

본 연구는 척수장애인을 대상으로 트레이닝 방법에 따라 유산소 체력과 심근산소소비량을 분석하고자 하였다. 트레이닝 방법은 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝과 중강도 지속성 트레이닝을 적용하였으며, 연구대상은 남성 하지마비 척수장 애인으로 선정하였다. 모집된 대상자를 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝 집단(n=8), 중강도 지속성 트레이닝 집단(n=8)으로 무작위로 배정하여 집단을 구성하였으며 8주간 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 유산소체력의 경우 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝 집단 에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p<.001), 심근산소소비량은 유의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝이 심폐체력의 효과와 더불어 시간적 절약을 기대할 수 있기 때문에 척수장애인에게 효과적인 트레이닝 방법이 라 생각되며, 심근산소소비량의 효과를 위해서는 대상자의 손상수준과 더불어 체력적 요인의 분석을 통한 세밀한 트레이 닝 적용이 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the aerobic fitness and myocardial oxygen uptake according to the training method for spinal cord injury. As the training method, high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training were applied. As the training method, high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training were applied. and the subjects of the study were selected as men with spinal cord injury. The recruited subjects were randomly assigned to a high intensity interval training group (n=8) and a moderate intensity continuous training group (n=8) to form a group, and training was conducted for 8 weeks. In the case of aerobic fitness, there was a significant difference in the high-intensity interval training group (p<.001), myocardial oxygen uptake did not show a significant effect. In conclusion, high intensity interval training is expected to be effective training method for spinal cord injury because it can expect time saving along with the effect of cardiopulmonary fitness. In order to effect myocardial oxygen uptake, it is necessary to apply detailed training through analysis of physical factors along with the level of damage of the subjects.

Objective: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiovascular function, gait ability, and hematological variables in chronic stroke survivors.Methods: Twenty-nine higher-functioning, ambulatory chronic stroke survivors were randomized to HIIT (n=15) or MICT (n=14). Participants underwent supervised training three times weekly for six weeks, consisting of 30 minutes conventional therapy followed by 40 minutes aerobic exercise (HIIT: six 1-minute high-intensity intervals at 80%?100% maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 4-minute active recovery; MICT: continuous exercise at 60%?80% HRmax). Outcomes included cardiovascular function (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], HRmax, walking heart rate), gait (10-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go test, 6-Minute Walk Test), and lipid profiles (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides).Results: In this higher-functioning cohort (n=29), HIIT showed significantly greater improvements than MICT in VO2max (F=40.574, p=0.001), HR_max (F=24.661, p=0.001), walking heart rate (F=11.277, p=0.002), 10-Meter Walk Test (F=20.865, p=0.001), Timed Up and Go test (F=12.317, p=0.002), and 6-Minute Walk Test (F=9.742, p=0.004). Lipid profiles improved significantly within the HIIT group only (p<0.05), no between-group differences were observed.Conclusion: In higher-functioning chronic stroke survivors, HIIT was superior to MICT for cardiovascular fitness and functional mobility under a matched exposure; lipid changes occurred within HIIT only without between-group effects. These findings support incorporating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation programs to enhance recovery outcomes.

In Egypt, type 2 diabetes is higher in females than in males. Moderate- intensity continuous training (MICT) has been the most widely used exercise form in type 2 diabetes. This study aims to compare the classical MICT to the newly popular high intensity interval training (HIIT) with regard to changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated average glucose (eAG) in female type 2 diabetics. Twenty-six female patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned into three groups: a control group (n= 9), a MICT group (n= 9), and a HIIT group (n= 8). Patients in both groups exercised on treadmill three days/ week for 8 weeks. Patients in MICT exercised continuously for about 40 min at 65%–75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). Patients in HIIT exercised for 4× 4 min at 85%– 90% of HRpeak with 3-min recovery in between at 65%–75% of HRpeak. Results showed that HbA1c was reduced significantly from 8.2% (7.45%– 8.65%) to 6.9% (6.6%–7.15%) in MICT and from 8.23% (7.94%–8.85%) to 6.25% (6.1%–6.89%) in HIIT after interventions. Likewise, eAG was significantly reduced from 188.64 mg/dL (167.11–201.55 mg/dL) to 151.33 mg/dL (142.72–158.50 mg/dL) in MICT and from 189.64 mg/dL (181.18– 207.29 mg/dL) to 136.69 mg/dL (128.37–151.04 mg/dL) in HIIT. No significant difference was found between HIIT and MICT in the measured variables. It is concluded that the less physically demanding MICT is as good as HIIT for normalizing hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic females. Therefore, recent interests surrounding HIIT should not overemphasize it compared to the traditional MICT for improving glycemic outcomes.

Obesity is a risk factor able to trigger several inflammatory alterations and the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine pro-ductions. Physical exercise is an important strategy for reduction of in-flammatory established process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of three exercise training programs in the inflam-matory profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obesity. Thirty two men and women (46.4±10.1 years; 162.0±9.1 cm; 82.0±13.6 kg) were divided into three groups for training on a treadmill: continuous at 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) 5 times a week (CONT); 1×4 min (1-bout) and 4×4 min (high intensity interval training, HIIT) at 90% HRmax 3 times a week. Interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and adiponectin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resis-tance was calculated. After 16 weeks of training blood concentrations of IL-6 decreased in the HIIT group (P=0.035), TNF-α decreased in the CONT (P=0.037) and increased in HIIT (P=0.001) and adiponectin de-creased in the three training models. There was a trend towards de-creased body weight and body mass index (BMI) after HIIT only (P=0.059 and P=0.060, respectively). Despite the decrease of adi-ponectin and the increase of TNF-α in HIIT group, insulin sensitivity showed a trend for improvement (P=0.08). HIIT program decreased IL-6 at rest and although not significant was the only who tended to de-crease total body weight and BMI. Taken together, our data suggest that both HIIT as well as CONT exercises training program promotes changes in inflammatory profile in overweight/obesity, but dissimilar re-sponse is seen in TNF-α levels.