Earticle

안동 봉황사의 삼세불(三世佛)은 대웅전 후불탱화로 경상북도 유형문화재 406호로 지정되어 있다. 이들 탱화들은 조선시대 삼세불화 연구의 기준이 되는 작품으로 귀중한 의미를 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 이들 탱화가 그려진 바탕직물의 섬유에 대해 현미경 관찰 및 용해법과 감쇠 전반사이용 적외분광분석법, 주사전자현미경 등을 이용하여 섬유의 재질을 동정하였다. 실험을 위해 보존처리과정 중 수거된 약사불 시료 2점(A, B), 석가불 시료 1점(C), 아미타불 시료 1점(D)을 채취하여 사용하였다. 본 시료들에 대해 기존의 문화재 명칭에는 삼베로 기록되어 있었다. 열화가 심하고 두꺼운 먼지층을 형성하고 있어 육안으로는 감별이 어려웠으나 본 실험을 통하여 약사불 시료1점(A)을 제외하고는 모두 견직물임을 알 수 있었다.

Samsebul, the altar portrait behind the statue of Buddha in the main building of Bonghwang temple in Andong, has been designated as Tangible Cultural Property No. 406. These alter portraits have significance as the standard of the research of Samsebul in Joseon period. In this study, fibre of the ground textile is identified using microscopic examination, solubility test, ATR-FT-IR, SEM, XRD. Two samples from Yaksabul(A, B), one sample from Seokgabul(C), and one sample from Amitabul(D), which were collected during the conservation process, were prepared for this study. In previous record, above samples were documented as hemp. Due to severe deterioration and accumulated dust layers on these samples, it was hard to recognize them with naked eyes, but through this study, we could identify that all samples except one from Yaksabul(A) are silk.

PURPOSES : The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the QUEENSOD method and the gravity model in estimating Origin-Destination (O/D) tables for a large-sized microscopic traffic simulation network. METHODS : In this study, an expressway network was simulated using the microscopic traffic simulation model, VISSIM. The gravity model and QUEENSOD method were used to estimate the O/D pairs between internal and between external zones. RESULTS: After obtaining estimations of the O/D table by using both the gravity model and the QUEENSOD method, the value of the root mean square error (RMSE) for O/D pairs between internal zones were compared. For the gravity model and the QUEENSOD method, the RMSE obtained were 386.0 and 241.2, respectively. The O/D tables estimated using both methods were then entered into the VISSIM networks and calibrated with measured travel time. The resulting estimated travel times were then compared. For the gravity model and the QUEENSOD method, the estimated travel times showed 1.16% and 0.45% deviation from the surveyed travel time, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : In building a large-sized microscopic traffic simulation network, an O/D matrix is essential in order to produce reliable analysis results. When link counts from diverse ITS facilities are available, the QUEENSOD method outperforms the gravity model.

In this paper, the existing microscopic image segmentation method is studied, by comparing the segmentation result, the support vector machine (SVM) of microscopic image segmentation method has good precision, deserves further research.

The cell slices of 5 species of common coniferous wood, including Cupressaceae, Abies nephrolepis, Picea jezoensis var. microsperma, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus massoniana and so on, are analyzed for the establishment of a hexagonal shape to simulate the wood cell structure. By using the image processing technology, the relevant parameters are extracted, including quasi-circular degree, the surface area, perimeter, width and thickness of cells, wall thickness, ratio of wall to cavity, ratio of cavity to diameter and cell density. In the experiment, mathematical analysis was made on 5,000 cells of the 5 species, and the cell sampling section was determined. After sampling, with the parameter values of cells obtained compared to the standard values, the error is within 10%. Afterwards, the value range of the cell parameters of each species is determined, which provides data basis for the recognition of wood species. Experiments show that the algorithm performs with better robustness in the recognition of wood species.

First topic of this paper aims to clarify how oxygen and heat transfer in silicon melt under cusp-shaped magnetic fields. We obtained asymmetric temperature distribution by using time dependent and three-dimensional calculation. Second topic is study on molecular dynamics simulation, which was carried out to estimate diffusion constants of oxygen in silicon melt.

One serious problem among the troubles to identify objects in an optical microscopic image is contour background due to non-uniform light source and various transparency of samples. To solve this problem, this paper proposed an elimination method of the contour background and compensation technique as follows. First, Otsu's optimal thresholding method extracts pixels representing background. Second, bilinear interpolation finds non-deterministic background pixels among the sampled pixels. Third, the 2D cubic fitting method composes surface function from pivoted background pixels. Fourth, reconstruction procedure makes a contour image from the surface function. Finally, elimination procedure subtracts the approximated background from the original image. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, this algorithm is applied to the yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Acinetobacter sp. Labeling by this proposed method can remove some noise and is more exact than labeling by only Otsu's method. Futhermore, we show that it is more effective for the reduction of noise.

In this paper, a counting algorithm hybridized with an adaptive automatic thresholding method based on Otsu's method and the algorithm that elongates markers obtained by the well-known watershed algorithm is proposed to enhance the exactness of the microcell counting in microscopic images. The proposed counting algorithm can be stated as follows. The transformed full image captured by CCD camera set up at microscope is divided into cropped images of m$\times$n blocks with an appropriate size. The thresholding value of the cropped image is obtained by Otsu's method and the image is transformed into binary image. The microbial cell images below prespecified pixels are regarded as noise and are removed in tile binary image. The smoothing procedure is done by the area opening and the morphological filter. Watershed algorithm and the elongating marker algorithm are applied. By repeating the above stated procedure for m$\times$n blocks, the m$\times$n segmented images are obtained. A superposed image with the size of 640$\times$480 pixels as same as original image is obtained from the m$\times$n segmented block images. By labeling the superposed image, the counting result on the image of microbial cells is achieved. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed mettled in counting the microbial cell on the image, we used Acinetobacter sp., a kind of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and compared the proposed method with the global Otsu's method the traditional watershed algorithm based on global thresholding value and human visual method. The result counted by the proposed method shows more approximated result to the human visual counting method than the result counted by any other method.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the classical method and Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End Protocol (SEE-FIM) in detecting microscopic lesions in fallopian tubes with gynecological lesions. Methods: From a total of 1,118 cases, 582 with various parts of both fallopian tubes sampled in three-ring-shape sections and 536 sampled with the SEE-FIM protocol were included in this study. Pathological findings of cases with endometrial carcinoma, non-uterine pelvic malignant tumor, ovarian borderline tumors, premalignancy, and benign lesions were compared. Results: We detected two tubal infiltrative carcinomas among 40 uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 15 serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas in 39 non-uterine pelvic serous high-grade carcinoma cases, seven papillary tubal hyperplasias in 13 serous borderline tumor cases, and 11 endometriotic foci and four adenomatoid tumors among all cases sampled with the SEE-FIM protocol. Using the classical method, we detected only one serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in 113 non-uterine pelvic serous high-grade carcinoma cases and two papillary tubal hyperplasia cases in 31 serous borderline tumors. We did not identify additional findings in 185 uterine endometrioid carcinoma cases, and neither endometriotic focus nor adenomatoid tumor was shown in other lesions by the classical method. Conclusions: Benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions can possibly be missed using the classical method. The SEE-FIM protocol should be considered especially in cases of endometrial carcinoma, nonuterine pelvic serous cancers, or serous borderline ovarian tumors. For other lesions, at least a detailed examination of the fimbrial end should be undertaken.

Microscopic method was compared with X-ray diflraction analysis for the identification of rockforming minerals using 11 main rock samples in Korea. 1. There was no difference between X-ray diffraction analysis and microscopic one in major minerals, but some accessary minerals. 2. The rock-forming minerals of main rocks presented in this study occured almost in crystalline state so that they could be easily identified by X-ray analysis alone.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cashmere and yak fibers. Yak fibers have been a great concern for fraudulent labelling in the luxurious cashmere market. Species-specific ion peaks were identified qualitatively, and mass spectrometry was used for the first-time in an effort to quantitatively analyze these fibers. The results indicated that the identification of unknown compositions was quantitatively possible even in commercial samples. The technique exhibited important advantages over conventional microscopic analysis such as the possibility of analyzing a small size of sample and colored or chemically treated fibers, and greater reproducibility and objectivity.

본 연구에서는 닭진드기에 감염된 산란계 농장을 대상으로 3point 5score 현미경 모니터링 방법을 이용하여 방제 골든타임(golden time)과 충란제거제를 결합한 닭진드기 종합방제법(Integrated Pest Management; IPM)의 효과를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 처리구는 닭진드기에 감염된 총 8개 산란계 농장을 바탕으로 1) 닭진드기 종합방제법을 이용한 농가 그리고 2) 일반적인 닭진드기 방제법을 이용한 농가로 2가지 처리구로 구분하였다. 또한, 농가의 닭진드기 오염도는 3point 5score 현미경 모니터링 방법을 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, 산란계 농장에 대한 IPM 적용의 유무에 따른 청소 및 소독 전, 후 그리고 4주부터 20주까지의 score는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 하지만, 24주에는 IPM을 적용한 농가가 IPM을 적용하지 않은 농가보다 유의적으로 낮은(P<0.05) Score를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 3point 5score 현미경 모니터링 방법으로 지속적인 모니터링과 보완과 함께 충란제거제를 포함한 IPM을 이용하여 닭진드기를 제어하는 것은 궁극적으로 목표로 하는 닭진드기의 감염률을 감소시키는 데 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated pest management (IPM) with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method for laying farms infected with poultry red mites. A total of 8 laying farms infected with poultry red mites were divided into two treatments: 1) integrated pest management with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method and 2) normal pest management with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between the groups with respect to the score of poultry red mites not only regardless of disinfection for the laying farms but also from week 4 to week 20 (P>0.05). However, the farm with IPM had a lower (P<0.05) score than those with the normal pest management method on week 24. Based on the result of the present study, controlling the presence of poultry red mites using IPM, along with consistent monitoring and supplementation using the 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method, is deemed effective in reducing the ultimately targeted infection rate of poultry red mites.

In this study, the numerical process for analyzing the automotive louver fin heat exchanger was developed with a 3D microscopic and semi-microscopic analysis. In the microscopic analysis, the simulation with the detailed meshes was performed for obtaining the characteristics of the heat exchanger. From this simulation, the numerical correlations of the heat transfer and flow friction were obtained. In the semi-microscopic analysis, the Semi-microscopic Heat Exchanger (SHE) method, which is characterized by a conjugate heat transfer and porous media analysis was used with the numerical correlation from the microscopic analysis. This analysis predicted the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the louver fin heat exchanger in the wind tunnel and vehicle. In the design of the louver fin heat exchanger, this numerical process can predict the performance and characteristic of the louver fin heat exchanger.

현미경을 통해 획득한 세포영상이나 조직영상은 질병의 유무나 암의 진행 정도를 파악하여 환자를 치료하기 위한 매우 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 현재 세포나 조직영상에 대한 분석은 광학현미경을 통해 얻어진 2차원 영상분석방법을 주로 이용하고 있으므로 잘린 단면의 각도나 두께에 따라 서로 다른 분석결과를 나타내는 문제점을 가지고 있다 따라서 본 연구에서는 콘포컬 현미경을 사용하여 50nm 두께의 연속적 섹션 영상을 획득한 후, 이를 바탕으로 자궁경부암세포를 3차원으로 재구성 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구의 결과는 2차원 정량분석에 대한 한계를 극복하고 정확한 진단과 예후 추정으로 환자에게 최적의 임상적 치료를 제공할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는데 활용하고자 한다

In this paper, we studied on drilling a microscopic hole of glass using electro-chemical discharge methode. In this research, we fabricated a electro-chemical discharge machine for drilling glass hole. The used parameters to get a fine microscopic hole are the concentration of NaOH solution from 5wt% to 50wt%, the supply voltage from 10V to 40V and the fabricating time from 5 second to 50 second. Also, we used a 0.16mm glass plate. We learned from our experiment that, the fabrication most efficient when supply voltage is 25V-30V and concentration of NaOH solution 35wt% or less.

As the technique of high-speed end-milling is widely adopted to machining field. The investigation for microscopic precision of workpiece is necessary for machinability evolution. The environmental pollution has become a big problem in industry and many researcher have investigated in order to preserve the environment. The environmentally conscious machining and technology have more important position in machining process. In the milling process, the cutting fluid has greatly bad influence on the environment. The damaged layer affect mold life and machine parts in machining. In this study, the cutting force, the surface roughness, micro hardness and residual stress is evaluated according to machining environment. Finally, it is obtained that the characteristics of damaged layer in environmentally conscious machining is better than that in conventional machining using cutting fluid.