Earticle

NIST PQC 표준화 Round 3에 제시된 PKE/KEM 알고리즘인 SABER 알고리즘은 격자 기반 문제 중 Module-LWR 문제를 기반으로 하는 알고리즘으로 Meta-PKE 구조로 되어 있다. 이때, 암호화 과정에서 사용되는 비밀 정보를 임시 키라고 부를 것이며 본 논문에서는 Meta-PKE 구조를 활용한 임시 키 재사용 공격에 대해 설명한다. NIST에서 요구하는 보안 강도 5, 3, 1을 만족하는 각각의 파라미터에 대해 4, 6, 6번의 쿼리를 사용하여 공격한 선행 연구에 대해 자세한 분석과 함께 이를 향상하여 3, 4, 4번의 쿼리만 사용하는 방법을 제시한다. 그리고 추가로 한 번의 쿼리를 통해 임시 키를 복원하는 계산 복잡도를 n차 격자 위에서 각각의 파라미터에 대해 전수조사 복잡도인 2^7.91×n, 2^10.51×n, 2^12.22×n에서 2^4.91×n, 2^6.5×n, 2^6.22×n으로 감소시키는 방법을 소개하며 그에 대한 결과 및 한계점을 제시한다.

The SABER algorithm, a PKE/KEM algorithm presented in NIST PQC Standardization Round 3, is an algorithm based on the Module-LWR problem among lattice-based problems and has a Meta-PKE structure. At this time, the secret information used in the encryption process is called a ephemeral key, and in this paper, the ephemeral key reuse attack using the Meta-PKE structure is described. For each parameter satisfying the security strengths required by NIST, we present a detailed analysis of the previous studies attacked using 4, 6, and 6 queries, and improve them, using only 3, 4, and 4 queries. In addition, we introduce how to reduce the computational complexity of recovering ephemeral keys with a single query from the brute-force complexity on the n-dimension lattice, 2^7.91×n, 2^10.51×n, 2^12.22×n to 2^4.91×n, 2^6.5×n, 2^6.22×n, for each parameter, and present the results and limitations.

과거의 인터랙티브 아트는 과학자들과 예술가들의 학제간의 연구를 통해 조금씩 시도되었다. 디지털 시대를 맞이하면서, 디지털기술을 사용한 예술방식이 점차 늘어가고 있으며 다양한 방식으로 다른 매체들과 결합하고 있다. 본 논문은 $\ulcorner$메타 사계절$\lrcorner$에서 관람자와 인터랙티브 아트 사이에서 어떻게 관람자가 독자적 관람 경로의 선택이 인터랙션을 높이는지에 대해 분석하였다. 관람자 개개인이 선택할 수 있는 관람경로가 누구와도 같지 않은 독자성을 가진다. 이 독자적인 관람경로는 각 관람자가 개인적인 상호작용성을 가지는 위치에 있게 만들고 그들은 인터랙티브 아트 인터페이스의 몰입을 통해 다양한 경험을 느끼게 된다.

The past interactive art was only attempted through interdisciplinary study of art and science. As it goes to the digital age, however, the artistic methods based on digital technology have been gradually increasing in combination with other media in various ways. This paper analyzes how spectators' individual selection of viewing-route increases the interaction between spectators and interactive art work by focusing on $\ulcorner$Meta 4Saisons$\lrcorner$. In the process of route selection, each spectator selects his/her own viewing-route almost different from the others', respectively. This individual viewing-route makes each spectator placed in a position of individual interaction, thus leading him/her to the experience of various feelings through the act of immersing in the interactive art interface.

본 연구는 국내에서 보고된 개인-환경 적합성(개인-조직 적합성, 개인-직무 적합성)과 직무 관련 변수들(조직몰입, 직무만족, 이직의도)과의 관계에 대한 선행연구들을 메타분석 방법을 통해 체계적으로 분석하였고, 그 관계가 조직유형(공조직, 사조직)에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 2018년까지 국내 학술지 및 박사학위 논문을 포함하여 총 51개의 연구, 15,589명의 표본이 분석에 포함되었다. Hunter와 Schmidt(2004)가 제안한 메타분석 절차에 따라 개별 연구들에서 표집오차(sampling error)와 측정오차(measurement error)를 교정하여 개인-환경 적합성과 직무관련 변수들 간 관계의 진점수 상관 평균을 추정하였으며, 조직유형을 공조직과 사조직으로 나누어 조직유형에 따라 조절효과가 나타나는지 하위집단 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 개인-환경 적합성과 조직몰입, 직무만족은 일반화 가능한 정적인 상관을 보였으며, 이직의도와는 부적인 상관을 보였다. 추가적으로, 조절효과에 대한 분석을 실시한 결과, 사조직이 공조직보다 개인-환경 적합성과 직무관련 변수들 간 관계의 크기가 대부분 높게 나타났다. 논의에서는 국내의 연구 결과와 국외에서 수행된 메타분석 연구 결과를 비교하여 제시하였으며, 본 연구 결과의 시사점과 후속연구 제언, 한계점에 대해 서술하였다.

The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the relationship between person-environment fit(person- organization fit and person-job fit) and job-related variables(organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intention), and to investigate whether the relationship is moderated by organizational typology(public organization and private organization). A total of 15,589 employees from 51 samples were included and meta-analyzed using Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s procedure. Based on Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s procedure, we corrected sampling errors as well as measurement errors of individual studies to estimate true mean correlations between person-environment fit and job-related variables. The results suggest that there are positive correlations between person-environment fit and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, but negative correlations between person-environment fit and turnover intention. In addition, the subgroups analysis results indicate that the correlations between person-environment fit and job-related variables tend to be stronger for private organization. We discussed this results as compared to existing research studies using foreign samples and suggested implications, direction for future research and limitations.

본 연구의 목적은 국내 선행연구들에서 보고된 정서노동과 직무관련 변수(직무탈진, 이직의도, 직무만족, 조직몰입)간 관련성을 메타분석을 통해 체계적으로 통합하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2012년 2월까지 국내의 학위논문 및 학술지에 게재된 총 43개의 연구들을 대상으로 Hunter와 Schmidt(2004), 그리고 Borenstein 등(2009)이 제안한 절차에 따라 무선효과모형(random-effects model)을 적용한 메타분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 정서노동이 표면행위와 내면행위로 분류되었을 때 관련된 준거변수와 서로 다른 관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 정서노동의 표면행위는 조직의 입장에서 바람직하지 못한 변수인 정서적 소진, 비인격화, 그리고 이직의도와 정적인 진상관을 보이고, 내면행위는 비인격화와는 부적인 진상관을, 그리고 조직의 입장에서 바람직한 변수인 조직몰입과는 정적인 진상관을 보였다. 또한 서비스 전문성 유형과 학술지 게재여부에 따라 정서노동과 직무관련 변수 간 관계에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구와 서구에서 실시한 메타분석 결과를 비교해 보았을 때, 한국에서는 정서노동의 내면행위 전략을 취할 때 직무탈진 변수, 직무만족, 조직몰입과의 효과크기와 방향이 조직에 바람직한 결과를 가지는 것을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 토대로 시사점과 제한점 및 향후 연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the relationships between the emotional labor and job-related variables such as burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among Korean emotional workers. In total, there were 11835 employees from 43 studies that were meta-analysed in the present study using Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s and Borenstein et al.(2009)’s procedures. It was revealed that emotional labors, depending on whether they were surface acting or deep acting, have different relationships with criterion variables. That is, the surface acting was positively related with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and turnover intention. In contrast, the deep acting was negatively related with emotional depersonalization and positively related with organizational commitment. It was revealed that professionality of service was a thoretical moderator and source of papers was a methodological moderator. Comparing with a meta-analytic study in Western literature, it was shown that deep acting strategy would bring desirable results to organizations in terms of the relationships between emotional labors and criterion variables such as burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Lastly, implications and limitations of the study, and directions for future research were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 인성교육 프로그램 참여 경험에 대해 탐색하고 질적으로 체계적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이를 통하여 청소년이 경험하는 인성교육을 이해하고 인성교육이 나아갈 방향과 의미를 고찰하고자 하였다. 연구를 위하여 학교에서 실시하는 12회기 이상의 인성교육 프로그램에 참여한 중･고등학교 청소년을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰는 참여자 및 참여자의 보호자의 동의를 얻어 녹음하고 그 내용을 녹취하여 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 2개의 주제에 따라 6개의 범주와 13개의 하위범주로 나타났으며 연구 결과를 통해 제시하고 그 의미를 해석하였다. 본 연구가 인성교육 프로그램에 참여한 청소년들의 경험적 자료를 제공함으로써 프로그램의 개선, 나아가 청소년의 인성교육 및 명상과 마음공부의 효과적인 확산을 위한 자료로 활용되어 기여하기를 기대한다.본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 인성교육 프로그램 참여 경험에 대해 탐색하고 질적으로 체계적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이를 통하여 청소년이 경험하는 인성교육을 이해하고 인성교육이 나아갈 방향과 의미를 고찰하고자 하였다. 연구를 위하여 학교에서 실시하는 12회기 이상의 인성교육 프로그램에 참여한 중･고등학교 청소년을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰는 참여자 및 참여자의 보호자의 동의를 얻어 녹음하고 그 내용을 녹취하여 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 2개의 주제에 따라 6개의 범주와 13개의 하위범주로 나타났으며 연구 결과를 통해 제시하고 그 의미를 해석하였다. 본 연구가 인성교육 프로그램에 참여한 청소년들의 경험적 자료를 제공함으로써 프로그램의 개선, 나아가 청소년의 인성교육 및 명상과 마음공부의 효과적인 확산을 위한 자료로 활용되어 기여하기를 기대한다.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore and analyze the adolescent’s experience of the character education qualitatively and provide the meaning and further direction of the character education progress under the understanding of the experience of adolescent on the the character education. Methods: A focus group interview has performed to the adolescent who had attended character education more than 12 sessions which had held in their middle or high school. The interview has recorded under the agreement of the participants and their protectors, and the record was used to analyze the interview. Results: As a result of analysis, 6 categories and 13 subcategories were presented in two themes. Conclusion: It is expected the result of this study will be used as a baseline data for the quality improvement and proliferation of adolescent character education.

This study examined the accuracy of meta-stereotypes (i.e., beliefs about how their ingroup is viewed by an outgroup), by comparing those with outgroup’s other-stereotypes (i.e., outgroup’s stereotype about ingroup). Korean and Japanese participants expressed their images of each other and predicted the outgroup members’ view of ingroup according to 88 personality traits. Results indicated that perceptions about how they were viewed by the other were inaccurate; furthermore, both groups’ predictions were identically more negative than their counterpart’s actual evaluations about them. The fact that both groups denoted the same tendency suggests the negative nature of meta-stereotypes over outgroup’s other-stereotypes.

To evaluate the (1) effectiveness of dual-task (DT) exercise in improving dynamic balance, motor function, functional mobility, dual-tasking, and falls, and (2) influence of DT intervention parameters on treatment effects in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across 12 electronic databases to identify relevant published articles from inception to September 2025. Risk of bias, methodological rigour, and evidence quality were evaluated using the RoB-2, PEDro, and GRADE tools, respectively. Dynamic balance, motor function, functional mobility, dual-tasking, and falls were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate intervention effects, and meta-regression evaluated how parameters of DT intervention affected treatment effects. The meta-analysis included 25 studies involving 1,162 individuals with PD. The mean PEDro score was 6.5, RoB-2 indicated a low risk of bias in 11 studies (45%), and GRADE indicated low to high evidence quality. Meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in dynamic balance (mean difference [MD]=4.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.06 to 6.84; p<0.001), motor function (MD=-2.00, 95% CI=-3.32 to -0.67; p<0.001), functional mobility (MD=-1.64, 95% CI=-2.01 to -1.26; p<0.001), and dual-tasking (MD=-3.39, 95% CI=-4.67 to -2.11; p<0.001). Meta-regression revealed that dynamic balance improved with moderately challenging and moderate-intensity DT exercises, practised for 2 hours weekly with ≥90% session adherence. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed that practising for more than 4 weeks significantly improved dynamic balance and functional mobility. Compared with traditional single-task exercises, motor?cognitive DT exercises improved dynamic balance, functional mobility, motor function, and dual-tasking. Further studies examining the effects of DT exercises on falls among individuals with PD are warranted.

코로나 19의 확산과 함께 일상을 비롯한 모든 영역에서 디지털 전환이 가속화되고 언택트 시대와 비대면 서비스의 수요 증가로 인해 사람들이 다양한 상호작용으로 디지털 세계로 이동했다. 이 때문에 우리는 온라인 가상 세계에서 함께 있는 것에 익숙해지고 ‘메타버스’ 개념은 지난 2년 동안 많은 관심을 끌었고, 필요한 기술 적 구성 요소에 대한 발전이 가속화되어 더 나은 서비스를 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 메타버스에 대한 학술적 논의는 여전히 시스템 기술이나 설계 측면에 주로 집중되어 있으며, 이용자 관점에서 이러한 서비스에 대한 평가기준이나 평가척도의 개발은 시장의 성장 속도에 비하여 훨씬 느리게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 극심한 경쟁 상황 속에서 메타버스업체가 생존하기 위해 서비스 이용자들 눈에 어떻게 비추어지고 있으며 또한 어떻 게 평가되고 있는가를 파악할 수 있는 평가기준의 마련이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 메타버스(가상 환경)에서 제공하는 서비스 품질이 우리에게 익숙한 메뉴 중심의 인터넷(2D 환경) 에서의 서비스 품질(e-SQ)과 차이가 있다고 제시하고자 한다. 메타버스와 서비스 품질과 관련된 심층적인 문 헌 연구를 토대로 메타버스 서비스 품질을 효과적으로 측정할 수 있는 4가지 중요한 차원(시스템, 콘텐츠, 사 회성, 경제성)으로 구성된 측정모형을 개발하고 Meta-SERVQUAL로 명명하였다. 본 연구는 메타버스 서비스 에 대한 이용자 경험 및 평가를 위한 연구 방법론에 대한 통찰력을 제공함으로써, 건강한 메타버스 산업의 생 태계 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

홍수나 가뭄 등 극한 사상을 예측하여 재해에 대비하거나 또는 수자원을 효율적으로 관리, 배분하기 위하여 강우-유출 모형이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 많은 수문학자들은 강우-유출 모형이 가질 수밖에 없는 불확실성에 대하여 언급하였다. 실제 유역에 내린 강우는 증발과 증산, 차단, 침투 등 여러 과정을 거쳐 유출로 이어지는데, 모형에서는 이러한 복잡한 물리적 과정을 단순화하여 표현하였으므로 불확실성이 반드시 존재할 수밖에 없는 것이다. 따라서 모형으로부터의 모의 결과를 신뢰할 수 있는지를 정량적으로 판단하는 과정이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지 강우-유출 모형의 불확실성을 평가한 선행 연구 중 Montanari와 Brath(2004)가 제시한 Meta-Gaussian 기법을 이용하여 강우-유출 모형 모의 결과에 대한 불확실성을 검토하였다. 이 기법은 모형 오차의 확률 분포형으로부터 신뢰구간의 상한계와 하한계를 추정하는 방법으로 수문모형의 전역적 불확실성(Global Uncertainty)을 정량화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 동일한 강우사상에 대한 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형인 Vflo™ 모형과 개념적 준 분포형 모형인 HEC-HMS 모형으로부터 모의된 유출량을 Meta-Gaussian 기법을 적용하여 불확실성을 분석하였다.

Rainfall-runoff models are used for efficient management, distribution, planning, and design of water resources in accordance with the process of hydrologic cycle. The models simplify the transition of rainfall to runoff as rainfall through different processes including evaporation, transpiration, interception, and infiltration. As the models simplify complex physical processes, gaps between the models and actual rainfall events exist. For more accurate simulation, appropriate models that suit analysis goals are selected and reliable long-term hydrological data are collected. However, uncertainty is inherent in models. It is therefore necessary to evaluate reliability of simulation results from models. A number of studies have evaluated uncertainty ingrained in rainfall-runoff models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method proposed by Montanari and Brath(2004) was used to assess uncertainty of simulation outputs from rainfall-runoff models. The model, which estimates upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval from probabilistic distribution of a model’s error, can quantify global uncertainty of hydrological models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method was applied to analyze uncertainty of simulated runoff outputs from Vflo™, a physically-based distribution model and HEC-HMS model, a conceptual lumped model.

Purpose: This study compared the effects of telerehabilitation, general physical therapy, and self-home training on the motor function of patients with neurological disorders. Methods: The electronic databases RISS, Science ON, CBM, CNKI, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Wangfang were searched (July 2023). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on patients of any age with neurological diseases were considered. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted duplicate data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized Trials (RoB). Pooled effect estimates were calculated if possible. Of 6,513 records initially retrieved, 17 RCTs were included: 15 on stroke and two on Parkinson's disease. Real-time online monitoring was used to assess telerehabilitation. Results: The evidence was quite limited, except for stroke. Compared to general physical therapy and self-home exercise, telerehabilitation with real-time online monitoring can improve the motor function of patients in post-stroke follow-up. Conclusion: Telerehabilitation with real-time online monitoring is an effective intervention strategy that can be used as an alternative to general physical therapy. Well-designed and executed RCTs are needed to confirm the findings on stroke and provide more scientific evidence for other neurological disorders.

This study aims to summarize the effects of Arduino-based educational programs through a meta-analysis. Eleven eligible primary studies were obtained through a systematic literature review and coded accordingly. The results are as follows: The meta-analysis revealed that the overall effect size for all the studies was 0.518. Analysis of the moderator variables indicated statistically significant differences between them. Regarding the learning domains, the results were ranked in descending order of the cognitive and affective domains. Within the cognitive domain, the effect sizes were ranked in descending order as follows: logical thinking, content knowledge, convergence competency, self-efficacy, computational thinking, and creative problem-solving skills. In terms of subject areas, the descending order of effect sizes was agriculture, STEAM, environmental science, practical arts, artificial intelligence, informatics, and computers. Regarding school level, the results were ranked in the following descending order: college, elementary school, middle school, and high school.

Altmetrics or alternative metrics gauge the digital attention received by scientific outputs from the web, which is treated as a supplement to traditional citation metrics. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of correlations between classic citation metrics and altmetrics indicators of library and information science (LIS) articles. We followed the systematic review method to select the articles and Erasmus Rotterdam Institute of Management Guidelines for reporting the meta-analysis results. To select the articles, keyword searches were conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate during the last week of November 2021. Eleven articles were assessed, and eight were subjected to meta-analysis following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reported negative and positive associations between citations and altmetric indicators among the selected articles, with varying correlation coefficient values from -.189 to 0.93. The result of the meta-analysis reported a pooled correlation coefficient of 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.339 to 0.586) for the articles. Sub-group analysis based on the citation source revealed that articles indexed on the Web of Science showed a higher pooled correlation coefficient (0.41) than articles indexed in Google Scholar (0.30). The study concluded that the pooled correlation between citation metrics with altmetric indicators was positive, ranging from low to moderate. The result of the study gives more insights to the scientometrics community to propose and use altmetric indicators as a proxy for traditional citation indicators for quick research impact evaluation of LIS articles.

Purpose: The main purposes of this study are to identify the degree of effect size and variables related to it, on the effect of physical therapy on shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: This study were collected 8 studies published between 2010.01.01. and 2020.08.01. The Analysis result confirmed 16 effect size data, the random effect model was chosen because of the heterogeneity of the data. Results: First, full case showed the largest mean effect size 3.28 (p<0.001). Second, Size of the effect according to hands on+off intervention the 5.17 (p>0.344). Third, Number of participants showed 15 or more effect size 4.19 (p<0.002). intervention period showed 8 weeks effect size 5.12 (p>0.425). Number of intervention showed 14 or less effect size 3.99 (p>0.061). Publication type showed thesis effect size 4.34 (p<0.003). Finally, 'Trim and Fill' result confirmed that the calibration effect size is 1.71 (p<0.001). Conclusion: We were able to confirm that physical therapy had great effect on shoulders adhesive capsulitis, and that the effect differed according to the methods of intervention, the methods of evaluation.

Purpose: The primary purposes of this study were to identify the degree of the effect size and the variables related to it on the effects of physical therapy on myofascial pain syndrome. Methods: This study collected 15 studies published between 2008.01.01 and 2019.12.31. The Analysis results confirmed 57 effect size data. The random-effect model was chosen because of the heterogeneity of the data. Results: First, the full case showed the largest mean effect size of 2.03 (p<0.001). Second, the size of the effect, according to the handson intervention, was 2.74 (p<0.003). Third, the VAS showed an effect size of 2.30 (p<0.001). Fourth, the intervention period showed a 1- to 15-day effect size of 2.94 (p<0.001). The number of interventions showed a 6 to 10 effect size of 2.84 (p<0.006). The number of participants showed a 10 or less effect size of 2.66 (p<0.001). Finally, the 'Trim and Fill' result confirmed that the calibration effect size was 0.93 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Physical therapy had a great effect on myofascial pain syndrome in the neck and shoulders, and that the effect differed according to the methods of the intervention and the methods of evaluation.

Objective: The present study analyzed domestic and overseas academic journals to understand the research status and characteristics of radon concentration distribution in Korea in accordance with environmental conditions. Methods: As part of the meta-analysis, pooled average concentration was calculated using an inverse variance-weighted average of the arithmetic means and standard deviations among the investigated values. Using the obtained pooled average concentration, a Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to increase the reliability of the occurrence possibility of the calculated concentration distribution. A total of 38 research articles were selected, including 27 articles published in domestic academic journals and 11 articles published in foreign academic journals. Results: The comparison results showed differences in radon concentration distribution in accordance with regional and topographical characteristics. Conclusion: Currently, even though research into radon is steadily picking up the pace in Korea much remains to be done. Additional research is thus needed to establish a baseline for radon emissions in Korea.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the evidence that therapeutic horseback riding can improve balance, muscle, ADL, equivalenc, GMFM, gait, emotion with developmental disabilities and neural patients. Methods: To conduct meta-analysis, the search focused on studies that employed therapeutic horseback riding for developmental disabilities and neural patients for which eight databases (KIS, RISS, DBpia, National Assembly Library, Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar and Cochrane Library) were used to extract literature published from 2002 to September 2019. The data were analyzed the RevMan 3.5.3 program. Results: As a result of meta-analysis, therapeutic horseback riding total effect size is 0.552 for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. And effect size result of according to assessment type variable first, balance effect size is 0.594. Second, muscle activities effect size is 0.425. Third, ADL effect size is 0.430. Fourth, equivalance effect size is 0.640. Fifth, GMFM effect size is 0.482. Sixth, gait effect size is 0.400 and seventh emotion effect size is 0.876. Conclusion: These findings is horseback riding is effective The effect size by outcome was observed to be the effective for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. and also the horseback riding provided the positive effects of balance, muscle activities, ADL, equivalance, GMFM, gait, emotion for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of effective treatments for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients therapeutic horseback riding and the development of study.

은닉 서명(10)은 서명장의 신분과 메시지 내용에 대한 정보유출 방지와 함께 익명 성 보장을 위 해 전자 화폐 시스템에 사용되고 있다. 그러나 완전한 익명성은 전자 화폐에 대한 불법적 인 사용 등에 악용될수 있다. 따라서 필요로 하는 경우 특정 신뢰 센터가 전자 화폐에 대한 공정성을 검 증할 수 있어 야 한다. 본 연구에서는 Hoster가 제시한 Meta-ElGamal 기법 (12)을 분석하여 메시지 복 원 기능을 제 공하는 공정 은닉 서명 모델에 대해 고찰하고 메시지 복원 기능을 제공하는 개선된 공정 은 닉 다중서명 기법을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 제시하는 기법은 불확정 전송 방식의 특성을 사용하여 신 뢰 센터에 의 한 공정 검증 및 확인 기능을 제공하는 다중 서명 방식으로 다양한 전자 화폐 시스템에 적 용 가능하다. As the blind signature(10) does not reveal any information about the message or its signature it has been used for preventing the information leakage and for providing the anonymity in secure electronic payment systems. Unfortunately this perfect anonymity could be misused by criminals as blind signatures prevent linking the withdrawal of money nd the payment made 표 the same customer. Therefore we should provide publicly verifiable mechanism if it is required for the judge to trace the blackmailed messages. In this paper we propose a modified blind signature scheme which additionally provides the role of message recovery after analyzing the existing meta-ELGamal scheme(12) suggested by Horster. And we suggest a new fair blind multi-signature scheme based on the oblivious transfer protocol with which a judge can publicly verify its fairness and correctness if needed. Proposed scheme can also applicable to the diverse electronic payment applications.

As the blind signature(10) does not reveal any information about the message or its signature it has been used for preventing the information leakage and for providing the anonymity in secure electronic payment systems. Unfortunately this perfect anonymity could be misused by criminals as blind signatures prevent linking the withdrawal of money nd the payment made 표 the same customer. Therefore we should provide publicly verifiable mechanism if it is required for the judge to trace the blackmailed messages. In this paper we propose a modified blind signature scheme which additionally provides the role of message recovery after analyzing the existing meta-ELGamal scheme(12) suggested by Horster. And we suggest a new fair blind multi-signature scheme based on the oblivious transfer protocol with which a judge can publicly verify its fairness and correctness if needed. Proposed scheme can also applicable to the diverse electronic payment applications.

Recent meta-learning algorithms for few-shot learning are based on episodic training where each episode consists of only a few support and query samples to imitate a target few-shot task. However, due to the limited number of categories and few samples in each category, this framework suffers from over-fitting to both a meta-training dataset and the support set of each episode. It also causes a large variance in the accuracy of each episode, which reduces reliability and confidence in model performance. To address this problem, we propose a novel meta-ensemble learning approach based on a recent ensemble method: a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration. Our approach is simply applied to existing meta-learning algorithms. Multiple subnetworks in a single model simultaneously learn multiple episodes and ensemble the predictions, leveraging the model capacity. We show that meta-ensemble learning achieves significant improvement in generalization. It also improves the performance of meta-learning algorithms on few-shot classification benchmarks.

With the growing interest in both public and private 5G services based on millimeter wave (mmWave) communication for indoor usage scenarios such as smart factories, site design specialists are seeking sophisticated methods and tools for simulating indoor radio coverage based on highly accurate path loss prediction models. Although machine learning approaches can be used in path loss modeling thanks to the highly accurate prediction capability, their performance can be limited by the size of available measurement data set used for training. In this paper, we propose new approaches to train path loss models in the few-shot learning scenarios of smart factories. The proposed approaches are based on meta-learning with slight modifications to perform fine-tuning over an entire train data set rather than a meta-test data set. It is shown that the indoor path loss models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained by meta-learning based on three different meta-train task assignment schemes outperform both a conventional CNN model and an empirical model.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population. Methods: Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0). Results: Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77~0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75~0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71~0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75~0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74~0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior. Conclusion: For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.