Earticle

경제발전과 국민소득 증가로 자동차 수는 계속 증가하고 있으며 이는 한정된 도로 여건과 주차 시설 부족으로 불법주정차 문제가 심각한 상황이다. 불법주정차는 사람들에게 많은 불편과 불쾌감을 주며, 또한 사고로 인한 인명 피해로까지 이어지게 한다. 수도권을 중심으로 늘어나는 차량과 불법주정차로 인해 관련 사고 및 그 피해의 심각성은 날로 커지고 있다. 이는 사회문제 발생의 원인이 되면서 불법주정차를 줄이기 위한 대책 마련에 힘쓰고 있다. 특히, 국내에서는 수도권에 거주하는 사람들의 민원 절반이 불법주정차 문제이고, 이로 인한 물리적 피해와 인명 피해가 가장 많은 곳은 경기도이다. 그리하여, 본 연구에서는 경기도 수원시의 불법주정차 관련 데이터를 기반으로 머신러닝 기법을 이용하여 지역 특성을 새롭게 분류하고, 이를 기반으로 효과적인 불법주정차 단속 방안을 제안한다. 더불어, 수도권 지역의 불법주정차 문제를 감소하기 위한 실무적․사회적․정책 및 법률적 방안을 제시한다. 본 연구는 사회문제 중 하나로 언급되고 있는 도시의 교통체증을 증가시키는 불법주정차 문제에 머신러닝 알고리즘인 K-prototype을 이용하여 지역 특성을 새롭게 분류한 것에 학술적 의의가 있다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 수도권 지역의 불법주정차 문제를 감소하기 위한 방안을 제시함으로써 실무적 및 사회적 측면에 기여한다.

Due to economic development and increasing gross national income, the number of automobiles continues to rise, leading to a serious issue of illegal parking due to limited road conditions and insufficient parking facilities. Illegal parking causes significant inconvenience and displeasure to people and can even result in accidents and loss of lives. The severity of accidents and their consequences, related to the growing number of vehicles and illegal parking, is escalating, particularly in the metropolitan areas. Consequently, efforts are being made to address this problem as a cause of social issues and come up with measures to reduce illegal parking. In particular, half of the public complaints in the metropolitan area are related to illegal parking, and the highest physical and human damage occurs in Gyeonggi. Thus, this study aims to use machine learning techniques based on data related to illegal parking in Suwon city, Gyeonggi, to categorize regional characteristics and propose effective measures to crack down on illegal parking. Additionally, practical, social, policy, and legal measures to decrease illegal parking in the metropolitan area are suggested. This study has academic significance in that it solved the problem of illegal parking, which is mentioned as one of the social problems that cause traffic congestion, by classifying regional characteristics using K-prototype, a machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, the results of this study contribute to practical and social aspects by providing measures to decrease illegal parking in the metropolitan area.

연구목적: 본 연구는 화재발생 건축물 정보, 신고자 취득 정보 등 초기 정보를 활용하여 화재현장의 위 험도를 예측하여, 재난 발생 초기에 효과적인 소방자원 동원 및 적절한 대응을 위한 피해최소화 전략 수 립을 지원하는 위험도 예측 모델을 개발하고자 한다. 연구방법: 화재 통계 데이터 상에서 화재의 피해규 모와 관련된 변수 규명을 위해 머신러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 변수간 상관성 분석을 실시하여 예측 가능 성을 검토하고, 데이터 표준화 및 이산화 등의 전처리를 통해 학습 데이터 셋을 구축하였다. 이를 활용 하여 예측 정확도가 높은 것으로 평가 받고 있는 복수의 머신러닝 알고리즘을 테스트하여 가장 정확도 가 높은 알고리즘을 적용한 위험도 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 연구결과: 머신러닝 알고리즘 성능 테스트 결과 랜덤포레스트 알고리즘의 정확도가 가장 높게 나왔으며, 위험도 등급에 대해서는 중간치에 대한 정확성이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 화재 통계 상 피해규모 데이터의 편향성에 의해 예 측모델 정확도가 제한적으로 나타났으며, 예측 모델 성능 개선을 위해 데이터 정합성 및 결손치 보완 등 을 통한 데이터 정제가 필요하다

Purpose: This study develops a risk prediction model that predicts the risk of a fire site by using initial information such as building information and reporter acquisition information, and supports effective mobilization of fire fighting resources and the establishment of damage minimization strategies for appropriate responses in the early stages of a disaster. Method: In order to identify the variables related to the fire damage scale on the fire statistics data, a correlation analysis between variables was performed using a machine learning algorithm to examine predictability, and a learning data set was constructed through preprocessing such as data standardization and discretization. Using this, we tested a plurality of machine learning algorithms, which are evaluated as having high prediction accuracy, and developed a risk prediction model applying the algorithm with the highest accuracy. Result: As a result of the machine learning algorithm performance test, the accuracy of the random forest algorithm was the highest, and it was confirmed that the accuracy of the intermediate value was relatively high for the risk class. Conclusion: The accuracy of the prediction model was limited due to the bias of the damage scale data in the fire statistics, and data refinement by matching data and supplementing the missing values was necessary to improve the predictive model performance.

연구목적: 본 연구는 재난 발생 데이터와 실시간 기상·대기 관련 데이터를 수집하고 정제과정을 통하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고, API로 제공되는 공공 데이터와 연계하여 빅 데이터 기반의 도시안전지수의 서비스 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 연구방법: 재난 발생과 관련한 다양한 정보를 공공 데이터와 SNS를 활 용하여 수집하고, 기계학습 알고리즘으로 분석한 결과를 중심으로 이용자 관심지역의 재난상황을 실 시간 대시보드로 확인하고 대처하는 방법을 제공하고자 한다. 연구결과: 분야별 지역안전지수와 기상· 대기의 상관관계가 높은 속성을 추출하여 예측모델과 비교하면 교통사고 분야의 지역안전지수는 기 상·대기 데이터와 상당한 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론: 기계학습 알고리즘 기반의 안전지수 예 측모델을 생성하여 이용자 관심 지역에 분야별 안전지수를 지도에 표시하는 시스템을 제안하였다.

Purpose: This study builds a database by collecting and refining disaster occurrence data and real-time weather and atmospheric data. In conjunction with the public data provided by the API, we propose a service model for the Big Data-based Urban Safety Index. Method: The plan is to provide a way to collect various information related to disaster occurrence by utilizing public data and SNS, and to identify and cope with disaster situations in areas of interest by real-time dashboards. Result: Compared with the prediction model by extracting the characteristics of the local safety index and weather and air relationship by area, the regional safety index in the area of traffic accidents confirmed that there is a significant correlation with weather and atmospheric data. Conclusion: It proposed a system that generates a prediction model for safety index based on machine learning algorithm and displays safety index by sector on a map in areas of interest to users.

최근 빅데이터 관련 산업 활성화에 따라 글로벌 보안 업체들은 지능적인 보안 위협 모니터링과 예방을 위 해 분석 데이터의 범위를 정형/비정형 데이터로 확대하고, 보안 예방을 목적으로 사용자의 성향 분석 기법을 활용하 려는 추세이다. 이는 기존 정형 데이터(기존 수치화 가능한 자료)의 분석 결과에서 추론할 수 있는 정보의 범위가 한 정적이기 때문이다. 본 논문은 빅데이터 환경에서 기계학습 알고리즘(Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, K-nearest neighbor, Apriori)을 효율적으로 응용하여 보안 성향(목적 별 항목 분류, 긍정·부정 판단, 핵심 키워드 연관성 분석)을 분석하 는데 활용한다. 성능 분석 결과 보안 성향 판단을 위한 보안항목 및 특정 지표를 정형/비정형 데이터에서 추출할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Recently, with the activation of the industry related to the big data, the global security companies have expanded their scopes from structured to unstructured data for the intelligent security threat monitoring and prevention, and they show the trend to utilize the technique of user's tendency analysis for security prevention. This is because the information scope that can be deducted from the existing structured data(Quantify existing available data) analysis is limited. This study is to utilize the analysis of security tendency(Items classified purpose distinction, positive, negative judgment, key analysis of keyword relevance) applying the machine learning algorithm(Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, K-nearest neighbor, Apriori) in the big data environment. Upon the capability analysis, it was confirmed that the security items and specific indexes for the decision of security tendency could be extracted from structured and unstructured data.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of software for rehabilitation with the Kinect sensor by presenting an efficient algorithm based on machine learning when classifying the motion data of the PNF pattern if the subjects were wearing a patient gown. Methods: The motion data of the PNF pattern for upper extremities were collected by Kinect sensor. The data were obtained from 8 normal university students without the limitation of upper extremities. The subjects, wearing a T-shirt, performed the PNF patterns, D1 and D2 flexion, extensions, 30 times; the same protocol was repeated while wearing a patient gown to compare the classification performance of algorithms. For comparison of performance, we chose four algorithms, Naive Bayes Classifier, C4.5, Multilayer Perceptron, and Hidden Markov Model. The motion data for wearing a T-shirt were used for the training set, and 10 fold cross-validation test was performed. The motion data for wearing a gown were used for the test set. Results: The results showed that all of the algorithms performed well with 10 fold cross-validation test. However, when classifying the data with a hospital gown, Hidden Markov model (HMM) was the best algorithm for classifying the motion of PNF. Conclusion: We showed that HMM is the most efficient algorithm that could handle the sequence data related to time. Thus, we suggested that the algorithm which considered the sequence of motion, such as HMM, would be selected when developing software for rehabilitation which required determining the correctness of the motion.

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has brought new opportunities to the meteorological field. Specifically, machine learning (ML) algorithms have proven valuable tools in rainfall retrievals, demonstrating the practicability of using ML algorithms when facing high-dimensional and complex data. By collecting data and using ML algorithms to mine and analyze the data, ML models can solve the problem of rainfall prediction in meteorology. Spurred by this advantage, this paper compared five ML algorithms for rainfall prediction using the National Population Health Science data from China, and the five ML algorithms were optimized appropriately. The data employed was first preprocessed to find and fill in the missing values, remove duplicate values, mine the correlation between data features, and generate visual results. Then, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, naive Bayes, decision tree algorithms, and random forest were used to mine and analyze the meteorological data for weather prediction. Finally, the performance of the models before and after optimization is compared to provide decision support for rainfall prediction.

Adaptive beamforming is a fundamental technique in digital radar signal processing that suppresses interference while enhancing desired signal components. However, the conventional Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm has inherent limitations in dynamic Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar environments, which degrade the balance between convergence speed and steady state stability. To overcome these issues, we introduce a new method called MomentumLMD, which enhances the standard LMS by integrating Momentum and weight Decay. The Momentum component enhances the initial convergence speed, whereas the weight decay mechanism controls the excess kinetic energy to prevent overshoots and oscillations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Least Mean Square with Momentum and Decay algorithm (LMD) outperforms the traditional LMS and standard Momentum + LMS, achieving the lowest Mean Square Error MSE in the steady state and maintaining robustness across a significantly wider hyperparameter range. Therefore, the LMD algorithm is established as the optimal choice for high precision, real-time Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar applications.

Climate change and invasive alien plant species (IAPs) are having a significant impact on mountain ecosystems. The combination of climate change and socio-economic development is exacerbating the invasion of IAPs, which are a major threat to biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning. Species distribution modelling has become an important tool in predicting the invasion or suitability probability under climate change based on occurrence data and environmental variables. MaxEnt modelling was applied to predict the current suitable distribution of most noxious weed A. adenophora (Spreng) R. King and H. Robinson and analysed the changes in distribution with the use of current (year 2000) environmental variables and future (year 2050) climatic scenarios consisting of 3 representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) in Bhutan. Species occurrence data was collected from the region of interest along the road side using GPS handset. The model performance of both current and future climatic scenario was moderate in performance with mean temperature of wettest quarter being the most important variable that contributed in model fit. The study shows that current climatic condition favours the A. adenophora for its invasion and RCP 2.6 climatic scenario would promote aggression of invasion as compared to RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climatic scenarios. This can lead to characterization of the species as preferring moderate change in climatic conditions to be invasive, while extreme conditions can inhibit its invasiveness. This study can serve as reference point for the conservation and management strategies in control of this species and further research.

In this study, AAHT was estimated using machine learning algorithms of ensemble techniques to improve the limitations of existing studies. Among the machine learning algorithms, a random forest algorithm was used, and the traffic volume estimation accuracy was analyzed as MAPE 20.7%. It was analyzed that the higher the traffic volume level, the higher the traffic volume estimation accuracy, and the traffic volume level of 3,000 vehicles/hour or more was analyzed to be 8% or less of MAPE. It was analyzed that the accuracy secured at the current level was very high compared to the existing model.

본 연구에서는 머신러닝 알고리즘을 적용한 모델 별 급성관상동맥증후군 진단 정확도를 비교 평가하고자 한다. 급성 관상동맥증후군 총 857명의 데이터를 학습데이터와 검증데이터로 7 : 3 비율로 구분하고 10 fold로 설정하여 학습에 진행하였다. 학습에 사용된 모델은 random forest, gradient boosting, ada boosting로 학습 후 정확도, AUC, recall, precision, F1 score, kappa로 평가하고, 최종 생성된 모델을 통해 AUC-ROC 곡선과 혼동행렬, 정확도를 비교 평가 하였다. 실험 결과 random forest 모델의 성능이 가장 우수 하였으며, AUC-ROC곡선과 혼동행렬 검증 결과 STEMI 예측성능은 gradient boosting, NSTEMI와 불안정성협심증은 random forest가 가장 예측을 잘 하였다. 검증데이터를 이용한 정확도는 random forest가 100%로 가장 우수한 결과를 도출하였다. 머신러닝 알고리즘을 적용 한 모델에 따른 급성관상동맥증후군 예측은 random forest가 가장 우수하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 머신러닝 알고리즘 의 보건의료분야 적용에 대한 기초 및 근거 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 추후 앙상블 기법을 이용한 추가 연구를 통해 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, we aimed to compare and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of acute coronary syndrome for each model to which machine learning algorithm was applied. The data of a total of 857 patients with acute coronary syndrome were divided into train dataset and test dataset at a ratio of 7 : 3, and learning was performed by setting 10 folds. The model used for learning is evaluated by accuracy, AUC, recall, precision, F1 score, and kappa after training with random forest, gradient boosting, and ada boosting, and the AUC-ROC curve, confusion matrix, and accuracy are compared through the final model generated. evaluated. As a result of the experiment, the performance of the random forest model was the best, and as a result of the AUC-ROC curve and confusion matrix verification, the prediction performance of STEMI was gradient boosting, and the random forest predicted NSTEMI and unstable angina the best. As for the accuracy using verification data, the random forest produced the best results with 100%. The prediction of acute coronary syndrome according to the model applying the machine learning algorithm was the best in the random forest. It is believed that the results of this study can be used as basic and evidence data for the application of machine learning algorithms to the health care field, and further research using ensemble techniques can improve efficiency.

The duration of an inpatient stay affects hospital administration and improves hospital effectiveness in terms of controlling expenses and raising patient standards. It also assists in identifying the correlations among illnesses requiring hospitalization. For our study, we took 24,150 records from of the Open Data database pertaining to inpatient admissions in 2023. We used a number of methods, including Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machines, to predict the Length of Stay (LOS). We converted the data to numerical form for predictive purposes, dividing the dataset into 70% for training and 30% for testing. We assessed the model's performance using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and split the forecast into four LOS categories: 0-2, 3-4, 5-7, and 8 days or more. The study also employed the Apriori algorithm to identify illness association rules that could impact LOS estimates. The results showed that identifying illness correlations is one element that might aid in enhancing the capacity to predict LOS.

3D open-field farm model developed from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data could make crop monitoring easier, also could be an important dataset for various fields like remote sensing or precision agriculture. It is essential to separate crops from the non-crop area because labeling in a manual way is extremely laborious and not appropriate for continuous monitoring. We, therefore, made a 3D open-field farm model based on UAV images and developed a crop segmentation model using a supervised machine learning algorithm. We compared performances from various models using different data features like color or geographic coordinates, and two supervised learning algorithms which are SVM (Support Vector Machine) and KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors). The best approach was trained with 2-dimensional data, ExGR (Excess of Green minus Excess of Red) and z coordinate value, using KNN algorithm, whose accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score was 97.85, 96.51, 88.54, 92.35% respectively. Also, we compared our model performance with similar previous work. Our approach showed slightly better accuracy, and it detected the actual crop better than the previous approach, while it also classified actual non-crop points (e.g. weeds) as crops.

본 연구에서는 청소년 비행이 지속적인 사회문제로 대두됨에 따라 청소년의 온․오프라인 비행을 예측하는 주요 요인들을 탐색하고 전통적 비행이론(사회학습이론, 일반긴장이론, 사회통제이론, 일상활동이론, 낙인이론)의 적용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 분석에 활용된 데이터는 한국아동․청소년패널조사 2010(KCYPS 2010)의 초1, 초4, 중1 패널 6차년도 데이터이다(N=4,137). 예측 모형을 구축함에 있어 전통적 통계기반의 회귀모형 대신 랜덤포레스트 머신러닝 기법을 활용함으로써 예측 성능 향상과 더불어 보다 많은 예측요인의 고려 가능성에 초점을 두었다. 랜덤포레스트 분석 결과, 청소년의 온․오프라인 비행을 설명하는 데에 전통적인 비행이론은 여전히 유효하였으며, 온라인 비행은 주로 개인적 요인(일상활동이론, 낙인이론)과, 오프라인 비행은 사회적 요인(사회학습이론, 사회통제이론)과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일반긴장이론은 온라인 비행과 오프라인 비행 모두를 예측하는 중요한 이론적 기반임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 머신러닝 기법을 통해 청소년 비행에 영향을 주는 주요 요인을 도출하고, 기존 비행이론의 활용 가능성도 함께 고려했다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 청소년 온․오프라인비행에 대한 예방 및 개입 방향성을 재고하는 기반을 제공할 것이라 기대된다.

Adolescent delinquency is a substantial social problem that occurs in both offline and online domains. The current study utilized random forest algorithms to identify predictors of adolescents’ online and offline delinquency. Further, we explored the applicability of classic delinquency theories (social learning, strain, social control, routine activities, and labeling theory). We used the first-grade and fourth-grade elementary school panels as well as the first-grade middle school panel (N=4,137) among the sixth wave of the nationally-representative Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2010 for analysis. Random forest algorithms were used instead of the conventional regression analysis to improve the predictive performance of the model and possibly consider many predictors in the model. Random forest algorithm results showed that classic delinquency theories designed to explain offline delinquency were also applicable to online delinquency. Specifically, salient predictors of online delinquency were closely related to individual factors(routine activities and labeling theory). Social factors(social control and social learning theory) were particularly important for understanding offline delinquency. General strain theory was the commonly important theoretical framework that predicted both offline and online delinquency. Findings may provide evidence for more tailored prevention and intervention strategies against offline and online adolescent delinquency.

DGPS (differential GPS) 방식의 위치해 계산 방식은 기준국 수신기와 동적 수신기와의 의사거리 보정정보 (PRC; pseudo-range correction) 실시간 통신을 통해서 위치해를 계산하는 방식을 말한다. 실제 동적으로 움직이는 수신기에서는 기준국 수신기와의 통신이 단절되어 PRC 실시간 통신이 단절되는 상황이 발생한다. 논문에서는 DGPS 방식의 위치해 계산방식에서 PRC를 받는 실시간 상황 중간에서수신기에 의사거리보정 정보전송이 끊긴 상황을 가정하여, 수신기에서 기존에 수신했던 PRC 정보를 사용하여 가상의 PRC 모델을 기계학습 알고리즘을 통해 실시간 생성하는 predict DGPS를 제안한다. predict DGPS 방식을 검증하기 위해 고정되어있는 기준국의 수신기에서 실제 PRC와 본 논문에서 제안 한가상의 PRC를 적용하여 위치해를 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 실제 도로에서 PRC 통신이 단절된 시나리오를 가정하여, predict DGPS 방식을 적용한 위치해 계산 방식이 기존 방식의 위치해 계산과 비교하여 향상된 위치해를 보여 줄수 있음을 보였다.

Differential GPS (DGPS) is known as a positioning method using pseudo range correction (PRC) which is communicating between a refence receiver and moving receivers. In real world, a moving receiver loses communication with the reference receiver, resulting in loss of PRC real-time communication. In this paper, we assume that the transmission of the pseudo range correction isinterrupted in the middle of real-time positioning situations, in which calibration information is received in the DGPS method. Under the disconnected communication, we propose 'predict DGPS' that real-time virtual PRC model which is modeled by a machine learning algorithm with previously acquired PRC data from a reference receiver. To verify predict DGPS method, we compared and analyzed positioning solutions acquired from real PRC and the virtual PRC. In addition, we show that positioning using the DGPS prediction method on a real road can provide an improved positioning solution assuming a scenario in which PRC communication was cut off.

Helicopter accidents due to spatial disorientation in low visibility conditions continue to persist as a major issue. These incidents often stem from human error, typically induced by stress, and frequently result in fatal outcomes. This study employs machine learning to analyze flight data and evaluate the efficacy of a flight illusion detection algorithm, laying groundwork for further research. This study collected flight data from approximately 20 pilots using a simulated flight training device to construct a range of flight scenarios. These scenarios included three stages of flight: ascending, level, and descent, and were further categorized into good visibility conditions and 0-mile visibility conditions. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of flight illusions under these conditions. From the extracted data, we obtained a total of 54,000 time-series data points, sampled five times per second. These were then analyzed using a machine learning approach.

본 논문에서는 극한 기계학습을 이용하는 하이브리드 균형 표본 유전자 알고리즘(hSBGA-ELM)을 기반으로 한 새로운 암 아류형 분류자를 제안하였다. 제안 된 암 아류형 분류자는 정확한 암 아류형 분류기 설계를 위해 공개 전체암지도 (Global Cancer Map)로부터 15063개의 유전자 발현 데이터를 사용합니다. 제안된 방법에서는 14가지(유방암, 전립선 암, 폐암, 대장 암, 림프종, 방광, 흑색 종, 자궁, 백혈병, 신장, 췌장, 난소, 중피종 및 CNS)의 암 아류형을 효율적으로 분류합니다. 제안 된 hSBGA-ELM은 유전자 선택 절차 및 암 아류형 분류를 하나의 프레임 워크로 단일화 한다. 제안 된 하이브리드 균형 표본 유전 알고리즘은 GCM 데이터베이스에서 이용 가능한 16,063 개의 유전자로부터 암 아류형 분류를 담당하는 축소된 강인 유전자 셋을 찾는다. 선택/축소된 유전자 세트는 익스트림 기계학습을 이용하여 암 아류형 분류기를 구성하는데 사용된다. 결과적으로, 크기가 축소된 강인 유전자 집합이 제안하는 암 아류형 분류기의 안정된 일반화 성능을 보장하게 한다. 제안 된 hSBGA-ELM은 암에 관여하는 것으로 예측되는 95개의 유전자를 발견하였으며 기존의 암 아류형 분류기와의 비교를 통해 제안 된 방법의 효율을 보여준다.

In this paper a novel cancer subtype's classifier based on Hybrid Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm with Extreme Learning Machine (hSBGA-ELM) is presented. Proposed cancer subtype's classifier uses genes' expression data of 16063 genes from open Global Cancer Map (GCM) data base for accurate cancer subtype's classification. Proposed method efficiently classifies 14 subtypes of cancer (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, lymphoma, bladder, melanoma, uterus, leukemia, renal, pancreas, ovary, mesothelioma and CNS). Proposed hSBGA-ELM unifies genes' selection procedure and cancer subtype's classification into one framework. Proposed Hybrid Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm searches a reduced robust set of genes responsible for cancer subtype's classification from 16063 genes available in GCM data base. Selected reduced set of genes is used to build cancer subtype's classifier using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). As a result, reduced set of robust genes guarantees stable generalization performance of the proposed cancer subtype's classifier. Proposed hSBGA-ELM discovers 95 genes probably responsible for cancer. Comparison with existing cancer subtype's classifiers clear indicates efficiency of the proposed method.

본 논문에서는 파킨슨 병 진단 및 바이오 표지자 검출을 위한 극한 기계학습을 결합하는 새로운 균형 표본 유전 알고리즘(SBGA-ELM)을 제안하였다. 접근법은 정확한 파킨슨 병 진단 및 바이오 표지자 검출을 위해 공개 파킨슨 병 데이터베이스로부터 22,283개의 유전자의 발현 데이터를 사용하며 다음의 두 가지 주요 단계를 포함하였다 : 1. 특징(유전자) 선택과 2. 분류단계이다. 특징 선택 단계에서는 제안된 균형 표본 유전 알고리즘에 기반하고 파킨스병 데이터베이스(ParkDB)의 유전자 발현 데이터를 위해 고안되었다. 제안된 제안 된 SBGA는 추가적 분석을 위해 ParkDB에서 활용 가능한 22,283개의 유전자 중에서 강인한 서브셋을 찾는다. 특징분류 단계에서는 정확한 파킨슨 병 진단을 위해 선택된 유전자 세트가 극한 기계학습의 훈련에 사용된다. 발견 된 강인한 유전자 서브세트는 안정된 일반화 성능으로 파킨슨 병 진단을 할 수 있는 ELM 분류기를 생성하게 된다. 제안된 연구에서 강인한 유전자 서브셋은 파킨슨병을 관장할 것으로 예측되는 24개의 바이오 표지자를 발견하는 데도 사용된다. 논문을 통해 발견된 강인 유전자 하위 집합은 SVM이나 PBL-McRBFN과 같은 기존의 파킨슨 병 진단 방법들을 통해 검증되었다. 실시된 두 가지 방법(SVM과 PBL-McRBFN)에 대해 모두 최대 일반화 성능을 나타내었다.

A novel Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm combined with Extreme Learning Machine (SBGA-ELM) for Parkinson's Disease diagnosis and detecting bio-markers is presented in this paper. Proposed approach uses genes' expression data of 22,283 genes from open source ParkDB data base for accurate PD diagnosis and detecting bio-markers. Proposed SBGA-ELM includes two major steps: feature (genes) selection and classification. Feature selection procedure is based on proposed Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm designed specifically for genes expression data from ParkDB. Proposed SBGA searches a robust subset of genes among 22,283 genes available in ParkDB for further analysis. In the "classification" step chosen set of genes is used to train an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier for an accurate PD diagnosis. Discovered robust subset of genes creates ELM classifier with stable generalization performance for PD diagnosis. In this research the robust subset of genes is also used to discover 24 bio-markers probably responsible for Parkinson's Disease. Discovered robust subset of genes was verified by using existing PD diagnosis approaches such as SVM and PBL-McRBFN. Both tested methods caused maximum generalization performance.

본 논문에서는 기계학습과 관련된 다양한 사례들에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 기계학습 응용 및 학습 알고리즘의 성능 개선 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 기계학습 기법을 적용하여 결과를 얻어낸 문헌을 자료로 수집하고 학문 분야로 나누어 각 분야에서 적합한 기계학습 기법을 선택 및 추천하였다. 공학에서는 SVM, 의학에서는 의사결정나무, 그 외 분야에서는 SVM이 빈번한 이용 사례와 분류/예측의 측면에서 그 효용성을 보였다. 기계학습의 적용 사례 분석을 통해 응용 방안의 일반적 특성화를 꾀할 수 있었다. 적용 단계는 크게 3단계로 이루어진다. 첫째, 데이터 수집, 둘째, 알고리즘을 통한 데이터 학습, 셋째, 알고리즘에 대한 유의미성 테스트 이며, 각 단계에서의 알고리즘의 결합을 통해 성능을 향상시킨다. 성능 개선 및 향상의 방법은 다중 기계학습 구조 모델링과 +α 기계학습 구조 모델링 등으로 분류한다.

This paper aims to present the way to bring about significant results through performance improvement of learning algorithm in the research applying to machine learning. Research papers showing the results from machine learning methods were collected as data for this case study. In addition, suitable machine learning methods for each field were selected and suggested in this paper. As a result, SVM for engineering, decision-making tree algorithm for medical science, and SVM for other fields showed their efficiency in terms of their frequent use cases and classification/prediction. By analyzing cases of machine learning application, general characterization of application plans is drawn. Machine learning application has three steps: (1) data collection; (2) data learning through algorithm; and (3) significance test on algorithm. Performance is improved in each step by combining algorithm. Ways of performance improvement are classified as multiple machine learning structure modeling, +α machine learning structure modeling, and so forth.