Earticle

In recent real estate, modular architecture, which is shift away from expensive buildings, has been used in various ways as an alternative function to existing rigid real estate, and in particular, architecture using similar containers is attracting attention as a new spatial function. In this study, in terms of the utilization of new flexible spaces, the spatial components should be considered by people who have actual demand standpoint in applying residential architecture using containers to the actual situation in Korea were analyzed in various visual aspects. In order to derive variables through previous studies and expert opinions and verify demand as an alternative living space, in-depth interviews were conducted with homeowners and consumers with purchasing power, and additionally, In order to collect a wide range of opinions, factor analysis was conducted through a questionnaire survey in the Seoul metropolitan area who are willing to purchase from 20s to 40s. As a result of the in-depth interview, it was found that the preference for individual location and group location, including infrastructure accessibility, coexisted, and safety and privacy protection were also of interest, and property value formation and profitability were considered factors. According to the survey results, four factors were converged: “Settlement environment factors”,“Development condition factors”,“business strategy factor”, and “Material Utilization Factor”. Among them, “Material Utilization Factor” was not a factor to be considered by in-depth interviewees. This is a result that the age group of the survey is distributed in various ways and the opinions of the younger generation are widely reflected, and it will be worthy of reference in various marketing strategies in terms of dissemination and activation as a future product.

본 논문은 경량 컨테이너 구조 환경에서 EJB 3.1 기반의 영화 예매 시스템의 설계 및 구현을 하는데 목적이 있다. N-tier 엔터프라이즈 아키텍처가 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결하고 장점들을 지원하기 위하여 새롭게 등장한 아키 텍처가 경량 컨테이너 아키텍처이다. 이 구조는 EJB 아키텍처와 같이 무겁지 않으면서도 EJB 컨테이너의 모든 가능 을 제공하는 구조이다. 현재까지 경량 컨테이너 아키텍처로 표준 엔터프라이즈 기반의 EJB 3.1이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 N-tier 엔터프라이즈 아키텍처가 가지고 있는 단점들을 해결하고 장점들을 지원하기 위하여 개 발된 최신 경량 컨테이너 아키텍처인 새로운 표준 환경인 EJB 3.1을 기반으로 영화 예매 시스템의 분석 및 설계한 후 구현하고자 한다.

This paper aims to design and realize movie reservation system with EJB 3.1 lightweight container architecture. N-Tier enterprise architecture to resolve the problem with benefits to support the new architecture is a lightweight container architecture. This architecture, such as the EJB, but not heavy, to provide all of the architecture is possible. The lightweight container architecture is most often used in business EJB 3.1 is well-known architecture. Therefore, this research has the N-tier enterprise architecture to solve the advantages and disadvantages developed to support the latest EJB 3.1 architecture based on the design and implementation of a movie reservation system.

본 논문은 동일한 경량 컨테이너 구조 환경에서 스프링 2.5와 EJB 3.0의 개발 생 산성에 대한 지침과 평가 지표를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 스프링은 경량 컨테이너 아키텍처로 성공적인 오픈 소스 모델로 알려져 있으며, EJB 는 엔터프라이즈 환경에서의 표준 프레임워크로 현업에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 동일한 플랫폼 상에서 스 프링 2.5와 EJB 3.0 프레임워크에 대한 성능 평가 연구는 부족하였다. 또한 정량 적 분석도 일부분의 LoC(Line of Code) 분석만 시도함에 따라 새로운 사양이 발표됨에도 구체적인 평가 지표와 지침이 부족하여 소프트웨어 생산성의 평가와 프로젝트의 새로운 시도에 제한이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동일한 개발 플랫폼 환경을 기반으로 파일럿 시스템을 스프링 2.5와 EJB 3.0 프레임워크에서 설계하고 구현한 후, 개발 플 랫폼 환경별 객관적인 소프트웨어개발 생산성을 비교하고, 표준화에 따른 평가 지표를 제공하고자 한다.

This paper proposes a software development guidance and an evaluation index for the productivity related to Spring 2.5 and EJB 3.0 with same lightweight container architecture. Spring is a known successful open source standard model for lightweight container architecture. EJB in an enterprise environment as a standard framework is most commonly used in production. However, there is no comparison research about the performance of Spring 2.5 and EJB 3.0 Framework with same identical platform. Quantitative analysis is supported as a part of LoC(Line of Code) analysis. There is a limit to develop the updated software with no the specific evaluating index for the productivity of the software. In this study, the development platform environment based on the same pilot system Spring 2.5 and EJB 3.0 framework is in the design and implementation. In addition, comparison and standardization of software development productivity assessment is to provide guidance.

초경량 LEA 128비트 블록 암호화 아키텍처는 자원이 제약된 유비쿼터스 장치에 보안성을 높일 방법으 로, 국가보안기술연구소에서 개발되고 국제표준화기구와 국제전기기술위원회에서 암호 분야 국제 표준으로 제정된 보안 알고리즘인 128비트 Lightweight Encryption Algorithm 알고리즘을 하드웨어 환경에서 설계하여 내부 레지 스터 재사용, 리소스 공유를 통해 LEA 암호화/복호화 모듈을 저 면적으로 구현하였다. Xilinx ISE 14.7 Virtex-5 를 이용하여 합성한 결과, 최대 주파수는 190.88MHz를 달성했으며 최대 128Mbps의 처리 속도를 가진다. 또한, 301개의 Flip-Flop, 1151개의 Look-Up-Table, 485개의 슬라이스로 구현되어 128비트 LEA 알고리즘을 저면적으 로 구현된 하드웨어 디자인을 제시한다.

In this paper, we present an efficient hardware design of the 128-bit Lightweight Encryption Algorithm. LEA is a security algorithm developed by the National Security Technology Institute and established as an international standard for cryptography in the International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission for use in a hardware environment. The proposed architecture is based on internal register reuse and resource sharing to lower the LEA encryption/decryption crypto core’s area. The maximum frequency is 190.88MHz and has throughput of 128Mbps. In addition, 301 Flip-Flops, 1151 Look-Up-Tables, and 485 Slices are utilized to present a low-area 128-bit LEA hardware design.

중소기업과 일반 가정 환경은 제한된 예산과 전문 인력 부족으로 인해 다계층 보안 체계 구축 에 어려움을 겪는다. 본 연구는 소규모 네트워크 환경을 대상으로 관리형 트래픽 유도 메커니즘을 적 용한 경량 네트워크 보안 센서 기반 매니지드 보안 서비스 아키텍처를 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 공유 기 LAN 포트에 센서를 연결하는 방식으로 네트워크 구성 변경 없이 인·아웃바운드 트래픽 가시성을 확보하고, 수집된 데이터를 클라우드 MSOC로 전송하여 상시 모니터링과 대응을 수행한다. 24개 환 경에서 3개월간 실증한 결과, 평균 99.9% 이상의 트래픽 캡처율과 F1-score 0.89를 달성했으며, 평 균 1.1초 이내의 fail-open 복구 성능과 기존 방식 대비 83% 향상된 운영 효율성을 확인하였다.

Small businesses and home environments face practical constraints in deploying multilayered security architectures due to limited budgets and a shortage of specialized personnel. This study proposes a lightweight network security sensor–based managed security service (MSS) architecture that applies a Manage-based traffic steering mechanism for small-scale network environments. The proposed system connects a sensor to the LAN port of a gateway device, enabling inbound and outbound traffic visibility without requiring any changes to the existing network configuration. Collected traffic metadata and event data are transmitted to a cloud-based MSOC for continuous monitoring and incident response. A three-month empirical evaluation across 24 environments demonstrated an average traffic capture rate exceeding 99.9% and an F1-score of 0.89. The system also achieved fail-open recovery within an average of 1.1 seconds and improved operational efficiency by 83% compared to conventional approaches.

Digital twins are a core technology for smart factories, but the high cost and complexity of existing industrial protocols like OPC-UA act as significant barriers to entry for resource-constrained small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study proposes a ‘modular lightweight architecture for discrete manufacturing process control’ to address these issues. It eliminates dependency on specific middleware, utilizing only the universal game engine Unity and standard TCP/IP socket communication. The proposed architecture functionally separates visualization (Unity server) and control logic (external client), enhancing system flexibility and minimizing communication overhead. To demonstrate the architecture's excellence, a virtual conveyor belt control experiment was conducted in a distributed LAN environment simulating an actual manufacturing site. The results confirmed stable response performance with an average round-trip time (RTT) of 25.5ms, proving it meets soft real-time control requirements. Notably, comparative analysis with an ideal localhost environment (average RTT of 15.8ms) quantitatively isolated the pure network overhead to approximately 9.7ms, objectively demonstrating the structural efficiency of the proposed architecture compared to middleware-based systems. This research presents a concrete methodology and engineering benchmark data enabling the construction of practical digital twins without expensive solutions.

서비스 지향 아키텍처란 서비스들이 표준 방식에 의해 서로 느슨하게 연결(loosely coupled)되어 특정 구현에 종속되지 않은 중립적인 인터페이스를 제공함으로써, 특정 서비스를 변경 하더라도 연결된 다른 서비스에는 영향을 주 지 않는 유연한 구조를 의미한다. ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)는 서비스 지향 아키텍처를 실현하기 위한 중요한 관 련 기술 중 핵심요소로서 위치를 확보해가고 있으나, 국내 서비스 지향 아키텍처를 위한 ESB에 대한 개발과 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 ESB의 중계 서비스, 전송서비스, 운영서비스, 모니터링 서비스, 애플리케이션 접속 서 비스, 데이터 접속 서비스를 가능하게 하는 각 주요 응용 컴포넌트의 설계 및 구현을 하였으며, 메시지 건수에 대한 데 이터의 크기별에 따른 처리시간을 측정하여 성능평가를 실시하였다.

Service Oriented Architecture(SOA) is a flexible structure which does not affect other services even when a specific service is changed. It provides the platform with neutral interfaces independent of any others, where services are loosely coupled in a standard way. While ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) is a key technology for service-oriented architecture, few research and development for ESB has been done. In this paper, we designed and implemented the key components of ESB such as mediation service, message oriented middleware service, operation service, monitoring service, application connection service, and database connection service. The performance evaluation was done by measuring the message processing time for the number of messages with various sizes.

This paper proposes an object-oriented software development guidance and an evaluation index for the productivity related to spring framework 2.5. Non EJB and the EJB architecture to resolve the problem with benefits to support the new architecture is a lightweight container architecture. This architecture, such as the EJB, but not heavy, to provide all of the architecture is possible. The lightweight container architecture is most often used in business spring framework is well-known architecture. Therefore, this research has the Non EJB and the EJB to solve the advantages and disadvantages developed to support the latest spring framework 2.5 lightweight container architecture based on the design and implementation of a pilot system with the objective through the specification of the software previously to provide guidance to development productivity.