Earticle

The market size of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and the number of its approvals by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) has increased along with increasing needs in skin treatment and aesthetic and antiageing field. Since there are no detailed and optimal domestic and international standards for IPL, it is need to develop the safety and performance guideline for IPL which is directly used to the skin. To develop the guideline for IPL, technical information was collected and applicable internal standards and related foreign standards were surveyed and analyzed. And then essential test items in the guideline were derived to evaluate the safety and performance of IPL; output accuracy and stability, pulse profile (pulse duration, pulse delay), beam size, wavelength, uniformity of output beam and cooling test. As a result, this guideline could help civil petitioners in progress of an approval and review, improvement public health by securing medical devices with consistent quality, and strengthen the competitiveness of the domestic medical device industry.

The present study aims to design a methodical model based on Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for estimation of player price in IPL. Based on expert view several key features are chosen for cricket player price calculation in IPL twenty-20 cricket tournament. Initial weights of attributes are calculated through AHP. Dataset is prepared using Open Source Information from the internet and offline experts. Back propagation neural network trains a pre normalized performance dataset of last three years IPL statistical dataset of 226 players. Finally, our proposed methodology gives a systematic way to select the important attributes and calculate the weights based on expert opinion to measure the optimal price for a player which will help the IPL team owner to select the player according their budget and strategies. A strict tradeoff between ‘budget conscious bidding’ and ‘performance based bidding’ is thus optimized using this model.

최근 낸드 플래시 메모리가 차세대 저장장치로 부상하면서 수십 년간 DBMS의 저장장치였던 하드디스크의 대안으로 주목 받고 있다. 낸드 플래시 메모리는 하드 디스크와 인터페이스가 다르기 때문에 일반적으로 플래시 변환 계층을 사용하여 기존 소프트웨어와 호환성을 유지한다. 하지만 플래시 변환 계층은 소량의 랜덤 쓰기가 빈번한 DBMS 환경에서 비효율적인 방식이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 DBMS의 특성을 고려한 In-Page Logging(IPL) 기법이 제안되었다. IPL 기법은 우수한 성능과 복구의 용이성 외에도 DBMS 구조를 크게 변경하지 않고 구현이 가능한 것이 장점이다. 본 논문의 목적은 IPL 기법을 활용하여 상용 DBMS에서 최소한의 변화만으로 낸드 플래시 메모리를 저장 장치로 사용 할 수 있음을 증명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Berkeley DBMS에 IPL 기법을 구현하며 성능 평가를 통해 IPL 기법이 상용 DBMS 에서도 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인한다.

최근 낸드 플래시 메모리가 차세대 저장장치로 부상하면서 수십 년간 DBMS의 저장장치였던 하드디스크의 대안으로 주목 받고 있다. 낸드 플래시 메모리는 하드 디스크와 인터페이스가 다르기 때문에 일반적으로 플래시 변환 계층을 사용하여 기존 소프트웨어와 호환성을 유지한다. 하지만 플래시 변환 계층은 소량의 랜덤 쓰기가 빈번한 DBMS 환경에서 비효율적인 방식이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 DBMS의 특성을 고려한 In-Page Logging(IPL) 기법이 제안되었다. IPL 기법은 우수한 성능과 복구의 용이성 외에도 DBMS 구조를 크게 변경하지 않고 구현이 가능한 것이 장점이다. 본 논문의 목적은 IPL 기법을 활용하여 상용 DBMS에서 최소한의 변화만으로 낸드 플래시 메모리를 저장 장치로 사용 할 수 있음을 증명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Berkeley DBMS에 IPL 기법을 구현하며 성능 평가를 통해 IPL 기법이 상용 DBMS 에서도 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인한다.

Background: Depending on the light dose and concentration of photosensitizer for photodynamic treatment (PDT), a multitude of dose-related events are demonstrable in PDT-treated cells. Sublethal doses may result in the alteration of cytokine release and consequently modify immune actions, rather than cause cell death. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate cytokine expression in cultured HaCaT cells after intense pulse light (IPL) treatment or PDT utilizing 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and IPL at sublethal doses. Methods: Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with either IPL only (4, 8 and 12 J/cm2) or ALA-IPL PDT (100μmol/L of ALA; 0, 4, 8, and 12 J/cm2 of IPL). The expression of IL-10, TGF-β1 and TNF-α was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: IL-10 protein increased up to 5.95-fold after IPL treatment and up to 2.85-fold after PDT. TGF-β1 mRNA and protein showed slight increases after both IPL treatment and PDT, of which the latter induced slightly larger increases. TNF-α mRNA and protein showed no induction or reduction after PDT. Conclusion: Increased expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was observed after PDT. The induction of IL-10 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect, which explains the therapeutic benefit of PDT for inflammatory dermatoses, and that of TGF- β1 may be related to the therapeutic effect for psoriasis. The finding that IL-10 induction was more marked after IPL treatment than after PDT suggests that other mechanisms than IL-10 induction in keratinocytes after PDT may participate in the anti-inflammatory effect of PDT.

논문에서는 고분자 나노구조 필름의 기계적 물성을 향상하기 위하여 광열효과를 이용한 열처리 공정을 응용하여 나노임프린트로 제작된 고분자 나노구조 필름의 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. Hybrid resin과 UV 나노임프린트을 이용하여 저반사 나노구조를 성형하고 IPL (intense pulsed light)를 이용하여 열처리를 수행한 뒤, 제작된 나노구조 필름의 투과율과 내스크래치성을 평가하여 나노구조의 성형성과 기계적 물성의 변화를 관찰하였다. 나노패턴의 특성에 의해서 나노구조의 투과율은 550 nm 파장에서 97.6%로 고투과율의 기능을 확인하였으며, IPL을 이용한 열처리를 진행한 경우 Hotplate를 이용한 열처리보다 경도는 0.51 GPa로, 0.27 GPa로 열처리한 시편에 비해 1.8배 향상하였으며, 동일 실험 조건에서 탄성율은 Hotplate 이용 시 4 GPa에서 IPL 이용 시 5.9 GPa로 1.4배 증가하였다.

In this paper, We investigated the effect of heat treatment process using photo-thermal effect in order to improve mechanical properties of nanostructure on polymer films made by nanoimprint process with hybrid resin. Nanostructures which have a low refractive characteristic were fabricated by UV nanoimprint and after that heat treatment was performed using IPL (intense pulsed light) under process condition of 550 V voltage, pulse width 5 ms, frequency 0.5 Hz. The transmittance and mechanical property of fabricated nanostructure films were evaluated to observe changes in the pattern transfer rate and mechanical properties of nanostructures. The transmittance of the nanostructure was measured at 97.6% at 550 nm wavelength. Nanoindentation was performed to identify improved anti-scatch properties. Result was compared by the heat source. In case of post treatment with IPL, hardness was 0.51 GPa and in the case of hotplate was 0.27 GPa, resulting the increase of hardness of 1.8 times. Elastic modulus of IPL treated sample was 5.9GPa and Hotplate treated one was 4GPa, showing the 1.4 time increase.

플래시메모리는 휴대폰, 디지털카메라를 비롯한 휴대기기의 저장장치로 널리 사용된다. 최근에는 하드디스크와 같은 인터페이스를 가지는 플래시 SSD가 일부 노트북의 하드디스크를 대체하고 있다. 하지만 플래시메모리는 데이타베이스 시스템의 저장장치로 고려되지 못하고 있다. 플래시메모리를 하드디스크처럼 사용하기 위한 플래시 변환 계층이 임의의 영역에 많은 양의 덮어쓰기 연산을 유발하는 데이타베이스의 워크로드에서 나쁜 성능을 보이기 때문이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 In-Page Logging(IPL)이라는 기법이 제안되었다. 이 논문에서는 잘 알려진 오픈소스 데이타베이스인 SQLite에 IPL 기법을 적용하여 성능을 평가하였고, 갱신 질의 처리 성능이 30배 향상됨을 보인다.

Flash memory has been widely used in mobile devices, such as mobile phone and digital camera. Recently flash SSD(Solid State Disk), having same interface of the disk drive, is replacing the hard disk of some laptop computers. However, flash memory still cannot be considered as the storage of database systems. The FTL(Flash Translation Layer) of commercial flash SSD, making flash memory operate exactly same as a hard disk, shows poor performance on the workload of databases with many random overwrites. Recently In-Page Logging(IPL) approach was proposed to solve this problem. In this paper, we implement IPL approach on SQLite, a popular open source embedded DBMS, and evaluate its performance. It improves the performance by up to 30 factors for update queries.

Objectives: The purpose was to take a closer look at the fundamental principles of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and to investigate its clinical applications for Korean medical fields. Results: IPL is a type of light treatment that is employed by radiating the short-pulse wave, which is transformed from high-intensity light. It may be used to stimulate skin along meridian channels in clinical fields of Korean medicine like acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, Guasha therapy, and other related traditional techniques. So, it may be feasible to treat not only lentigines, freckles, facial dermatitis, and acne, but also other applications. In addition, it could be recommended for use with herb remedies or herb facial mask packs. Conclusions: IPL may be a plausible method in phototherapy of Korean medicine.

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying the Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) as a tool to enhance the skin absorption of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. Arbutin solution or skin formulation was applied on the back of hairless mouse skin in vivo after IPL treatment, and then the skin deposition of arbutin was determined by HPLC. IPL treatment significantly increased the amount of arbutin in the skin after 6 hours when arbutin solution was applied 20 times. IPL also enhanced the skin deposition of arbutin when arbutin formulation was applied, although it was not significantly different. Significant increase of surface skin temperature was observed by IPL treatment, which might be a mechanism of the enhanced skin absorption of arbutin. These results suggest the feasibility of using IPL as a tool to increase the skin absorption of whitening agents, although further research needs to be conducted to understand its exact mechanism.

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the principles between moxibustion and the 'Intense pulsed light (IPL)' and to investigate the clinical application of the photo-moxa for the Korean medicine fields. Methods : The characteristics of moxibustion, IPL, parabolic reflector moxa and the dermatology surgical use of moxibustion were reviewed in the literature. Results : IPL is one type of light treatments that is employed by radiating the short-pulse wave, which is transformed from the light of high intensity. There has been used parabolic reflector in Asia for more than 2,000 years, and this hand-held device used for moxibustion in traditional medicine. Moxibustion is one of the treatment tools in Korean medicine using the heat energy. The fluence or energy density of IPL in clinical circumstances is similar to parabolic reflector moxa of moxibustion. IPL and parabolic reflector moxa shared same treatment principle employing the heat energy. Therefore IPL could apply for many indications in Korean medicine as a moxibustion tool and acupuncture. Conclusions: IPL may be plausible to be a fascinate method in phototherapy of Korean medicine.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report the effects of Korean medical treatment (acupuncture, moxibustion, herb medicine) combined with intense pulsed light (IPL) on three postpartum patients with freckles worsened during pregnancy. Methods and Results The postpartum patients with freckles were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medication and IPL. The energy density of IPL was selected modified according to skin types classified by Sasang constitutional medicine. This efficacy of treatment was evaluated with observation. After treatment, freckles as well as various postpartum symptoms are improved. Conclusions This case report shows that the Korean medical treatment combined with IPL is effective in the treatment of postpartum patient's freckles. However further studies are still necessary.

Background: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was originally used for treating superficial skin tumors. The application of PDT to other inflammatory dermatoses like acne vulgaris, psoriasis,granuloma annulare, localized scleroderma and lichen sclerosus has recently been introduced. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We’ve previously reported the induction of tumor growth factor (TGF)-β_1 and interleukin (IL)-10 after PDT with ALA and intense pulsed light (IPL) in cultured HaCaT cells. Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the expressions of TGF-β_1 and IL-10 in cultured fibroblasts after PDT with using ALA and IPL. Methods: Cultured fibroblasts were treated with ALA-IPL PDT (1μmol/L of ALA; 0, 4, 8 and 12J/cm2 of IPL). The expressions of TGF-β_1 and IL-10 were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results:TGF-β_1 mRNA and protein were reduced down to 0.52- and 0.63-fold, respectively, after PDT and the IL-10 protein was increased up to 2.74-fold after PDT. Conclusion: The reduction of TGF-β_1 was prominent after PDT and so an antisclerotic effect can be expected after PDT. The induction of IL-10 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect,which explains the therapeutic benefit of PDT for inflammatory dermatoses. (Ann Dermatol 23(1) 19∼22,2011)

목적: 일측성 급성폐쇄각발작의 기왕력이 있는 환자에서 스펙트럼 빛간섭단층촬영을 이용하여 기왕력이 있는 눈과 반대편 눈의 황반부 신경절세포-내망상층의 두께를 정량적으로 평가하여 비교분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 처음으로 일측성 급성폐쇄각발작을 경험한 환자 24명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 발작 후 8주째 스펙트럼 빛간섭단층촬영기로 기왕력이 있는 눈(1군)과 반대편 눈(2군)의 황반부 신경절세포-내망상층 두께 및 시신경유두주위 망막신경섬유층의두께를 구하여 비교분석하였다. 결과: 1군과 2군에서 최대교정시력, 구면렌즈대응치, 중심각막두께 및 안축장은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p＞0.05). 신경절세포-내망상층의 상이측, 상측, 상비측은 1군과 2군에서 통계적으로 유의한 두께 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p＞0.05), 평균 및하비측, 하측, 하이측의 두께는 1군에서 2군과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(각 p=0.002, p=0.002, p=0.001, p=0.001). 1군과 2군의 평균 신경절세포-내망상층 두께의 차이값은 발작기간과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(correlation coefficient=0.249,p=0.019). 결론: 급성폐쇄각발작 시 안압을 빨리 하강시키는 것이 황반부 신경절세포-내망상층의 감소를 줄이는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각하며,급성폐쇄각발작 후 경과관찰 시 스펙트럼영역 빛간섭단층촬영을 이용한 황반부 신경절세포-내망상층의 두께 측정이 유용하게 쓰일수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thickness in patients witha history of unilateral single attack of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and to compare it with that of unaffected fellow eyes8 weeks after resolution using spectrum domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Medical records of 24 patients with history of first episode of unilateral APAC were reviewed retrospectively. Eightweeks after APAC, mGC-IPL thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured with SD-OCT and analyzedin eyes affected by APAC (group 1) and fellow eyes (group 2). Results: There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to best corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent,central corneal thickness, or axial length (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mGC-IPL thickness in the superotemporal,superior, or superonasal sectors (p > 0.05). However, average, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal sectors ofgroup 1 were significantly thinner than those of group 2 (p = 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, respectively). In addition, averagemGC-IPL difference between affected eyes and fellow eyes showed a statistically significant correlation with attack duration(correlation coefficient = 0.249, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Normalization of elevated intraocular pressure as soon as possible after APAC onset is recommended in order toreduce mGC-IPL loss, and measurements of mGC-IPL thickness can be helpful for follow-up of APAC patients.

This study was performed 10 develop the accelerated life test method using Weibull-IPL(Inverse Power Law) model for mechanical components. Weibull-IPL model is concerned with determining the assurance life with confidence level and the accelerated life test time From the relation of weibull distribution factors and confidence limit, the testing times on the no number of failure acceptance criteria arc determined. The mechanical components generally represent wear and fatigue characteristics as a failure mode. IPL based on the cumulative damage theory is applied effectively the mechanical components to reduce the testing time and to achieve the accelerating test conditions. As the actual application example, accelerated life test method of agricultural tractor transmission was described. Life distribution of agricultural tractor transmission was supposed to follow Weibull distribution and life test time was calculated under the conditions of average life (MTBF) 3,000 hours and 90% confidence level for one test sample. According to IPL, because test time call be shorten in case increase test load test time could be reduced by 482 hours when we put the load 1.1 times of rated load than 0.73 times of rated load that is equivalent load calculated by load spectrum of the agricultural tractor. This time, acceleration coefficient was 11.7.