Earticle

There are five main regulations in product liability system of China, which are general principles of the civil law, product quality law, consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. This paper review the present condition about five main regulations in product liability system of China on above. There are the differences about a purpose of legislation and coverage of their five laws. I think that the product quality law legislated in 1993 is basic law about product liability system of China. The provisions of the general principles of the civil law related to the product liability is changed by the product quality law. Also the product quality law is the preferentially applicable law than consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. Lastly, this study on the interrelation of the related laws for the product liability of China give some suggestions about the improvement of the product liability of Korea.

본 연구는 철도종사자에 대한 철도사고 분석을 통해 철도현장 종사자의 문제점을 도출하고 작업자 안전성 확보방안을 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 철도종사자들의 의견수렴을 거치는 FGI (Focus Group Interviews)를 통해 철도사고에서 중요한 작업자 안전성의 요인을 크게 4가지로 유형화한다. 철도현장 및 철도종사자 문제점과 관련이 깊은 안전설비, 위험차단, 작업시간 및 협의, 안전교육 등 4개 요인을 중심으로 20개 세부요인을 도출한다. 둘째, 철도현장의 종사자 들을 방문하여 설문 조사와 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 이를 통해 철도현장 및 철도종사자 문제점과 관련한 요인 중 어떤 요인이 가장 큰 영향을 미치고, 어떤 요인이 영향을 미치지 않는지 규명한다. 결과적으로 철도종사자들이 생각하는 철도현장에서의 요인별 문제점과 안전성 확보방안을 도출한다. 따라서 본 연구는 향후 철도현장 작업자의 안전성 확보 및 인공지능 기반 철도안전시스템 구축을 위한 중요한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the problems of workers at railroad construction sites and suggest ways to ensure worker safety through the analysis of accidents and worker problems at these sites. First, the important worker safety factors in railway construction accidents were categorized into four types through focus group interviews (FGIs). Second, the factors that had the greatest impact on the problems related to railway sites and workers were identified by conducting surveys and interviews. The problems relating to each factor and ways to ensure safety at the railway sites were identified. Thus, it is believed that this study can provide important evidence for securing the safety of railroad workers and establishing an artificial intelligence (AI)-based railway safety system in the future.

The international nuclear industry has undergone a lot of changes since the Fukushima, Chernobyl and TMI nuclear power plant accidents. However, there are still large and small component deficiencies at nuclear power plants in the world. There are many causes of electrical equipment defects. There are also factors that cause component failures due to human errors. This paper analyzed the root causes of failure and types of human error in 300 cases of electrical component failures. We analyzed the operating experience of electrical components by methods of root causes in K-HPES (Korean-version of Human Performance Enhancement System) and by methods of human error types in HuRAM+ (Human error-Related event root cause Analysis Method Plus). As a result of analysis, the most electrical component failures appeared as circuit breakers and emergency generators. The major causes of failure showed deterioration and contact failure of electrical components by human error of operations management. The causes of direct failure were due to aged components. Types of human error affecting the causes of electrical equipment failure are as follows. The human error type group I showed that errors of commission (EOC) were 97%, the human error type group II showed that slip/lapse errors were 74%, and the human error type group III showed that latent errors were 95%. This paper is meaningful in that we have approached the causes of electrical equipment failures from a comprehensive human error perspective and found a countermeasure against the root cause. This study will help human performance enhancement in nuclear power plants. However, this paper has done a lot of research on improving human performance in the maintenance field rather than in the design and construction stages. In the future, continuous research on types of human error and prevention measures in the design and construction sector will be required.

For human error analysis, the structure and situation of a task should be analyzed in advance. The paper introduces Structured Information Analysis (SIA) as a task analysis method for error analysis, and delineates the result of application on the emergency procedure of Korean Standard Nuclear Plants (KSNPs). From the task analysis about emergency procedure of KSNP, total 72 specific task goals were identified in the level of system function, and 86 generic tasks were classified from the viewpoint of physical sameness of the task description. Human errors are dependent on task types so that the result of task analysis would be used as a basis for the error analysis on the emergency tasks in nuclear power plants.