Earticle

EU의 GDPR 제20조에 전송요구권 도입 이후 우리나라 개인정보보호법 개정 안에도 전송요구권이 포함되어 논의되고 있다. 개인정보 전송요구권은 마이데이 터를 구현하기 위해 필요한 정보주체의 핵심적인 권리 중 하나이다. 이 연구는 의료분야 마이데이터를 실현하기 위해 의료정보에 대한 전송요구권의 도입가능성에 대한 것이다. 의료정보 전송요구권 구현을 위해 개인정보보호법 개정안을 포함한 개인정보보호법제와 보건의료법제의 제한점과 한계에 대하여 검토하였 고, 이후 이를 극복하기 위해 필요한 입법정책적 제안을 하고자 하였다. 개인정 보보호법은 개정안을 포함하여 전송 대상 정보의 개념과 기술적인 전송형식, 이 행의무자 규모의 문제가 있고, 그 입법취지 역시 의료 마이데이터를 구현하기 위한 그것과는 차이가 있다. 또한 보건의료법제 하에서 기록열람과 진료기록의 송부와 관련된 의료법 규정, 진료정보교류 관련 법제 역시 아직까지는 주체, 대 상이 매우 한정적이라는 한계가 있다. 이에 의료정보와 의료 분야의 특수성을 고려해 개인정보보호 법제 하에서는 전송요구권의 최소한의 기본을 규정하고 이후 보건의료 분야 개별 법률에서 추가적 규율하는 것을 제안한다.

Two bills have recently been proposed at the Korean National Assembly to introduce data portability provisions to the Personal Information Protection Act. The two bills were largely modeled on Article 20 Right to Data Portability of European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). We argue that the proposed “one-size-fits-all” provisions are ill-suited to health data portability for a few reasons. First and foremost, the bills stop short of mandating interoperability of data being transferred, in a manner similar to the GDPR. Unlike in some other sectors, however, interoperability is critical in achieving ease of data transmission in health care, because health IT is highly fragmented with numerous vendors, each with their own data format. Secondly, the two bills exempt inferred data and derived data from data portability, also in a manner similar to the GDPR. While such exemption may be striking a balance between the interest of individuals and the interest of data controllers, it renders data portability almost valueless in the context of health care, where important data are usually inferred data and derived data created by health providers. Lastly, an exemption from data portability for small businesses will be at odds with health care, in which primary care clinics are inevitably “small businesses”. These limitations found in the data portability bills are not surprising, in light of the core objective of their model, Article 20 of the GDPR, which was to promote competition by helping users retrieve their data held by dominant service providers. Hence, we argue that a better approach to health data portability is to amend the Medical Service Act that already includes basic measures to facilitate data exchange between health providers. Although the Medical Service Act too has to be amended to implement health data portability in the scale already being implemented in other countries, it will not be limited by the need for universal applicability across different industries that the general, Personal Information Protection Act faces. Instead, more nuanced and sophisticated health data portability can be designed in the Medical Service Act that provides more clarity to complex legal issues unique to health data, such as interoperability, data scope, health information exchange and secondary use, to name a few.

민간과 공공이 생산해내는 정보의 홍수속에서, 이 방대한 분량의 정보는 빅데이터로 대표되는 제4차 산업혁명시대의 핵심자원으로 간주되고 있다. 전 세계적으로 이 빅데이터에 대한 관심이 높아지고 데이터의 확보와 축적, 축적된 데이터의 안전하면서도 유용하게 활용하는 방안에 대한 논의가 활발하다. 특히 보건의료 데이터는 빅데이터 기술이 활용될 가장 가치있는 자원으로 평가되고 있다. 이러한 보건의료 데이터를 유용하게 활용하기 위해서는 분산된 보건의료 데이터를 통합하여 조사나 연구에 활용가능한 형태로 이용자에게 제공되어야 한다. 주요 국가들이 데이터 경제의 주도권을 확보하기 위해 경쟁하는 상황에서 우리나라도 2020년 8월 「개인정보보호법」등 소위 ‘데이터 3법’이 개인정보의 활용방향으로 개정되었다. ‘데이터 3법’의 개정은 개인정보 정의의 판단기준을 명확하게 하고, 가명정보의 개념을 도입하여 개인정보의 안전한 활용을 뒷받침하기 위한 제도적 기반이라 할 수 있다. 최근에는 그 후속 조치로 개인정보보호위원회가 ‘가명정보 처리 가이드라인’을 발표하였고, 보건복지부는 이와 별도로 ‘보건의료 데이터 활용 가이드라인’을 발표하였다. 하지만 여전히 풀어야 할 숙제는 남아있다. 우리나라는 「국민건강보호법」에 따라 전국민의 건강보험 가입이 의무화되어 있고, 모든 국민의 보건의료정보는 국민건강보험공단, 국민건강보험심사평가원 등 공공기관이 보유, 관리하고 있다. 이러한 데이터는 보건의료와 관한 빅데이터를 구성하게 되는데, 특히 모든 국민이 단일 건강보험에 모두 가입되어 있다는 점에서 보건의료 영역에서 빅데이터로서 그 가치와 잠재력은 어느 나라에서도 찾기 어려운 것도 사실이다. 반면 안정성의 측면에서는 그만큼 위험을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 보건의료데이터는 사람의 생명이나 신체와 직결되고 그와 관련된 수많은 민감정보를 포함하고 있어, 다른 분야보다 세심하고 보수적인 관점에서 개인정보를 보다 안전하게 보호하는 것을 전제로 그 안에서 활용이 될 수 있도록 제도가 마련되어야 할 것이다. 이 글에서는 개인정보보호위원회와 보건복지부가 제시한 ‘보건의료데이터 활용 가이드라인’의 주요내용을 분석하기 위하여 우선 개정된 「개인정보보호법」의 주요내용을 검토하고, 그에 따라 ‘보건의료 데이터 활용 가이드라인’의 주요내용을 분석하여 타법률과 충돌문제 등 그 문제점과 개선방안을 검토하였다. ‘보건의료 데이터 활용 가이드라인’은 그 성격상 현행 「개인정보보호법」의 해석을 보충하고, 보건의료 분야에 특화된 데이터 활용의 관점에서 「개인정보보호법」이 내다보지 못했던 상황에 관해 법의 해석・적용과 실무상의 지침을 제시하려 하였으나, 가이드라인의 제목에서 나타나듯이 ‘활용’에 초점을 두어 개인정보보호와 균형을 이루는 데에는 실패한 것으로 보인다. ‘보건의료 데이터 활용 가이드라인’은 「개인정보보호법」의 내재적인 문제점과 「의료법」, 「생명윤리법」과 충돌문제나 실효성 문제, 법률에 규정할 네용을 법률에 근거없이 가이드라인에 담고 있는 등 아직까지 미흡한 부분이 많고, 여러 가지 문제점을 가지고 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

In the midst of the flood of private and public information, the huge amount of information is a key resource in the age of the 4th industrial revolution, represented by big data. Interest in these is growing worldwide. There is an active discussion about how to backup and accumulate data and how to use the collected data safely and effectively. Above all, health data is valued as the most valuable resource for which big data technology is used. To make good use of health data, distributed health data must be integrated and made available to users in a form that can be used for research or inspection. In a situation in which large countries are competing for the establishment or management of the data economy, the so-called "3 data laws", which contain the PERSONAL INFORMATION PROTECTION ACT(PIPA)), were also changed in South Korea in August 2020. The PIPA introduced the concept of pseudonymous information and established a legal basis for its use. As a follow-up action, the 'Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC)' announced the 'Guidelines for Handling Pseudonymous Information' and 'Ministry of Health and Welfare' announced the 'Guidelines for the Use of Health Data'. Health data are directly related to human life and body and therefore contain a lot of sensitive data. So it is a system that can be used from a more cautious and conservative point of view, provided that personal data is more securely protected. In order to analyze the main content of the “Guidelines for the Use of Health Data”, we first checked the main content of the revised DSG. Afterwards, by analyzing the essential contents of the “Guidelines for Use of Health Data”, problems such as conflicts with other laws and improvement measures were checked.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for holistic health parameters in the general Korean population and to investigate the factor associated with ideal life expectancy (ILE) among these holistic health parameters and sociodemographic variables. Methods: This study used a questionnaire to obtain self-reported physical, mental, social, spiritual, and general health status and then evaluated their association with ILE. A total of 1,241 individuals responded to the questionnaire, from which we established a multidimensional health status reference data set representing the Korean population. To explain factors associated with ILE, we stratified results by age and gender and performed multiple logistic regression of sociodemographic variables and multidimensional health status. Results: Women reported poor health status more frequently for all five health categories. The average ILE was 87.46 years versus 84.42 years of life expectancy in the general Korean population. Single marital status, higher income, and better social health were significantly associated with higher ILE. Conclusion: ILE could be a good indicator reflecting social wellness in a certain society. Comprehensive social health promotion programs can improve individuals' attitudes toward life expectancy, especially for vulnerable groups.

This is a descriptive research study that classified Korean adults with obesity into those with Metabolically Healthy Obesity and those with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity based on the data from the fifth and sixth South Korea's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, designed due to the development of information and communication technology, to examine the impacts of obese adults' health behavior factors and mental health factors on their metabolic state. With respect to data analysis, the collected data were analyzed by complex sample statistics. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Men who were smoking at the time of the survey had a 1.29 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Women who had a high stress cognition rate had a 1.02 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. This study is significant as it provides the basic data for establishing strategies of nursing intervention for the promotion of obese adults' health, and it suggests that it is necessary to develop a program for the promotion of obese adults' health based on these results.

Big data is the compilation of enormous data that arrives from diverse sources for instance online transaction details, social media, sensor data, etc. Such assortment of enormous data develop into tough to evaluate by conventional processing relevance’s. By the development and upcoming latent in the healthcare business field, it is essential to analyze a enormous noisy data to get significant information. In healthcare system, the aim of this work is to evaluate the medical database of diabetes patients by a mixture of innovative hierarchical decision attention network, association rules (AR) and multiclass outlier classification with MapReduce framework. The association rule apriori algorithm in a MapReduce framework considers health data to create regulations. This is employed to discover the association among disease and their signs. This examination is made by means of UCI machine learning datasets of diabetes containing 50 attributes. The results of the proposed algorithm are offered by parameters for instance precision, accuracy, recall, and F-score.

Purpose: The present study investigated the association between nurse staffing and health outcomes among psychiatric inpatients in Korea by assessing National Health Insurance claims data. Methods: The dataset included 70,136 patients aged 19 years who were inpatients in psychiatric wards for at least two days in 2016 and treated for mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol; schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; and mood disorders across 453 hospitals. Nurse staffing levels were measured in three ways: registered nurse-to-inpatient ratio, registered nurse-to-adjusted inpatient ratio, and nursing staff-to-adjusted inpatient ratio. Patient outcomes included length of stay, readmission within 30 days, psychiatric emergency treatment, use of injected psycholeptics for chemical restraint, and hypnotics use. Relationships between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes were analyzed considering both patient and system characteristics using multilevel modeling. Results: Multilevel analyses revealed that more inpatients per registered nurse, adjusted inpatients per registered nurse, and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were associated with longer lengths of stay as well as a higher risk of readmission. More adjusted inpatients per registered nurse and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were also associated with increased hypnotics use but a lower risk of psychiatric emergency treatment. Nurse staffing levels were not significantly associated with the use of injected psycholeptics for chemical restraint. Conclusion: Lower nurse staffing levels are associated with negative health outcomes of psychiatric inpatients. Policies for improving nurse staffing toward an optimal level should be enacted to facilitate better outcomes for psychiatric inpatients in Korea.

Objective: In this study, we examined the relationships among activity limitations, mental health (depression and generalized anxiety disorder), and suicidal ideation among Korean adults aged 20-64 years, and identified those factors associated with suicidal ideation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used 2022 KNHANES data to examine the associations among activity limitation, depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and suicidal ideation in Korean adults aged between 20 and 64 years of age, focusing on general characteristics, health behaviors, and mental health variables. Data were analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Compared with adults without activity limitations, those with limitations were found to have significantly higher rates of depression (16.8% vs. 3.1%), generalized anxiety disorder (16.0% vs. 3.5%), and suicidal ideation (13.6% vs. 3.1%). After adjusting for covariates, activity limitations remained independently associated with suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.19-3.05), with depression (AOR = 5.15) and anxiety severity showing the strongest associations with suicidal ideation. Adults who performed strength training five or more days per week were found to have lower odds of suicidal ideation compared with those who performed no strength training (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.19-0.79). Highly perceived stress (AOR = 3.29) and a middle school education or less (AOR = 2.35) were also identified as significant risk factors. Conclusions: Activity limitations are independently associated with suicidal ideation among working-age adults in Korea. Integrated interventions addressing both physical function and mental health, including tailored strength training programs, could make a valuable contribution to preventingsuicide in this population.

In order to improve the low accuracy of traditional wireless network health information retrieval methods, a wireless network health information retrieval method is designed based on data mining algorithm. The invalid health information stored in wireless network is filtered by data mapping, and the health information is clustered by data mining algorithm. On this basis, the high-frequency words of health information are classified to realize wireless network health information retrieval. The experimental results show that exactitude of design way is significantly higher than that of the traditional method, which can solve the problem of low accuracy of the traditional wireless network health information retrieval method.

As the scope of healthcare data expands beyond hospital-generated electronic medical records (EMRs) to include personal health records (PHRs), there is a growing need for automated methods to efficiently summarize large volumes of patient-specific information. In this study, we propose a summarization approach that leverages large language models (LLMs) and standardized data formats to improve accessibility and usability of patient data. Specifically, we developed a prototype system that summarizes patient Bundles formatted in accordance with the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. Using the ChatGPT API and document processing techniques, we generated summaries and evaluated their accuracy using a checklist based on clinical criteria. The summarization model achieved an accuracy of 81.6%, suggesting its potential for real-world application. Our findings indicate that healthcare professionals can more quickly and effectively review a patient's primary conditions using summarized PHR data, particularly as FHIR adoption increases. However, the results also highlight certain limitations, including the generalization of summaries and the absence of domain-specific fine-tuning. These findings underscore the importance of future research involving multidisciplinary clinical evaluations, targeted fine-tuning strategies, and question-driven summarization to enhance accuracy and clinical relevance. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating LLM-based summarization into healthcare workflows, contributing to improved interoperability and decision-making in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of socioeconomic status, parenting style, and grit with children's health behaviors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,040 parents and their children using data from the 2018 Korean Children's Panel Survey. Socioeconomic status was measured in terms of household income and subjective socioeconomic status. Parenting style and grit and were measured using 62 and 8 items, respectively. Health behaviors were measured by assessing healthy eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Results: Higher household income (β=.07, p=.018) and high maternal levels of an authoritative parenting style (β=.20, p<.001) were associated with higher compliance with healthy eating habits among children. Higher grit was associated with a higher number of weekly physical activity days (β=.08, p=.028) and sedentary behavior for <2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.07) in children. A maternal permissive parenting style was associated with sedentary behavior for >2 hours on weekdays (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69). Conclusion: We suggest that when planning interventions to improve children's health behavior, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that avoids practicing a maternal permissive parenting style, promotes an authoritative parenting style, and incorporates strategies to increase children's grit.

Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pressure injuries are critical quality indicators in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). This study investigated the individual- and institutional-level factors associated with UTI and pressure injury experience among Korean nursing home residents. Method: This retrospective study utilized the National Health Insurance Service database and analyzed 122,312 residents from 4,242 nursing homes who continuously resided for at least 3 months between January 2016 and December 2017. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to examine individual characteristics, facility attributes, and LTCF evaluation indicators. Results: The UTI and pressure injury experience rates were 31.09% and 6.69%, respectively. Female residents exhibited significantly higher UTI risk (odds ratio [OR]=1.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.13~1.21) but lower pressure injury risk (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.69~0.78) than males. Lower functional grades demonstrated stepwise risk increases for both outcomes, with Grade 1 residents showing 2.97 times increased UTI risk and 8.35 times increased pressure injury risk. Facility size was a significant risk factor for UTI development. Condition-specific LTCF evaluation indicators for UTI and pressure injuries showed targeted protective effects: the Indwelling Catheter Status indicator reduced the UTI experience risk by 14%; the Pressure Injury Prevention indicator reduced the pressure injury experience risk by 12%. Conclusion: This study identified distinct individual and institutional factors that influence adverse events in Korean nursing homes residents. Condition-specific quality indicators demonstrated protective effects only for their corresponding outcomes, validating the effectiveness of tailored quality management approaches and supporting the development of targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2. Results: Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group. Conclusion: Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing problem drinking among the Echo Generation in South Korea and provide basic data for early intervention and mediation of problem drinking among the Echo Generation. This descriptive study performed a secondary analysis of raw data from the 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and used responses for problem drinking items from 999 Echo Generation participants born between 1979 and 1992. This study comprehensively investigated sociodemographic and health-related factors influencing problem drinking among the Echo Generation. SPSS WIN program (version 26.0) was used for data analysis. Gender (β=-.32, p<.001), education level (β=.10, p=.002), white-collar workers out of job (β=-.09, p=.041), and depression (β=.11, p<.001) were identified as factors that influenced problem drinking among the Echo Generation. Results of this study suggest that in order to prevent problem drinking among the Echo Generation, there should be user-customized prevention education and intervention programs.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the health expenditure and unmet health care needs and factors associated with these, in single-person households pre- and post-baby boomer generation, and of baby boomers. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2016 Korea Health Panel Study, which was conducted to investigate the factors associated with health expenditures and unmet healthcare needs of single-person households through hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The subjective health status of a single household showed a significant interaction with pre-baby boomers (β=.16, p=.045) in health expenditure. Identifying as men (OR=1.59, p=.046) and subjective health status (OR=1.90, p=.001) were statistically significant in terms of unmet healthcare needs. However, there was no significant interaction between pre-baby boomers and unmet healthcare needs. Conclusion: Baby boomers are the first to be prepared for their later years in the current aging society. Despite a stable financial status due to vital economic activities, social support for baby boomers is inadequate. The rights guaranteed to family members under the system centered around kinship should also be guaranteed to single-person households.

Purpose: Self-rated health in individuals with chronic diseases is influenced by various factors, including dietary adherence and physical activity. However, limited research has investigated how these factors relate to self-rated health among people with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe self-rated health and identify its associated factors in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional, secondary data analysis utilized datasets from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which were collected between 2016 and 2018. A total of 557 participants (mean age=74.8 years) with a glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m² were included. Data from health interviews and examinations were analyzed to assess self-rated health, dietary adherence, and physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed for analysis. Results: Among the 557 participants, 42.6% rated their health as poor. Factors such as sex, age, income, smoking history, anxiety/depression, number of comorbidities, glomerular filtration rate, and physical activity were significantly associated with self-rated health. In contrast, dietary adherence did not exhibit a significant association. Conclusion: Understanding the factors associated with self-rated health can inform the development of nursing interventions aimed at improving self-rated health among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing positive subjective health awareness of middle school-age multicultural adolescents in Korea. Methods: This study used data from the fourth to sixth waves of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. In this study, a panel logit model analysis was performed using the Eviews 8.0 program (p<.050). Results: Socioeconomic status (r=.02, t=2.13, p=.033), body satisfaction (r=.71, t=1.97, p=.048), and depression (r=-.74, t=2.35, p=.018) influenced positive subjective health awareness in multicultural adolescents. When multicultural characteristics were entered into a statistical model with environmental and personal characteristics, multicultural characteristics did not have a significant influence on positive subjective health awareness. Conclusion: Environmental, personal, and multicultural characteristics were related to positive subjective health awareness in multicultural adolescents; thus, an integrated approach considering those variables is recommended. Nursing interventions and educational programs are needed to improve the psychological status of multicultural adolescents and reduce prejudice about them. In addition, nurses need to be sensitive to multicultural characteristics and the developmental characteristics of multicultural adolescents.

Objective To determine physical activity, sleep, and nutrition patterns in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and investigate the association of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and age with these health behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient setting. Participants included adolescents and adults with CP (n=28; GMFCS level I?V; mean age 35.1±14.4 years). An Exercise Questionnaire or Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity in adolescents and adults, respectively. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). An adapted version of the PrimeScreen questionnaire was used to assess nutrition. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between GMFCS and age with physical activity, sleep, and nutrition. Results The average total physical activity was 29.2±30.0 min/day. Seventy-five percent of the participants had poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5). Seventy-one percent reported “fair” eating behaviors; none reported “excellent” eating behaviors. Neither GMFCS nor age were significantly associated with PSQI score, PrimeScreen score, or total physical activity. A negative correlation existed between sleep quantity (hr/night) and PSQI score (r=-0.66, p=0.01). Conclusion The triad of health components, consisting of physical activity, sleep, and nutrition, was not associated with GMFCS or age in our sample of 28 individuals with CP, suggesting that these three health behaviors should be assessed during clinical encounters of CP in adolescents and adults at all levels of the GMFCS.

Purpose: The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46?2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87?2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflictwith peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89?5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84?5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75?5.46). Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

Data are a highly valuable asset for researchers. Earlier, researchers who conducted a study permanently owned their data. Currently, however, these data can be used as a source for performing further research. In 2018, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors presented data sharing statements for clinical trials. Although this recommendation was limited to clinical trials published in medical journals, it is a meaningful change that formalized the concept of data sharing. However, the trend of data sharing is expected to spread beyond medical journals to include a wider range of scientific journals in the near future. Correspondingly, platforms that provide storage and services to share data will gradually diversify. The World Journal of Men’s Health has adopted a clinical data sharing policy. The data deposit process to Harvard Dataverse, a well-known data repository, is as follows: first, select the type of article for data sharing; second, create an account; third, write a letter to the corresponding author; fourth, receive and validate data from the authors; fifth, upload the data to Harvard Dataverse; and sixth, add a data sharing statement to the paper. It is recommended that scientific journal editors select an appropriate platform and participate in the new trend of data sharing.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health status of children from multicultural families in South Korea. Met hods: This study was based on Dahlgren and Whitehead's (1991) rainbow model as a conceptual framework and used data from the second phase of the multicultural adolescents panel study conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with p<.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: In the final model, stress (odds ratio [OR]=0.53, p<.001), life satisfaction(OR=2.09, p=.004), self-esteem (OR=1.73, p=.032), and peer support (OR=1.46, p=.019) affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. The living and working conditions and general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions did not significantly influence the mental health status of children from multicultural families in the final model. Conclusion: As components of Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, individual hereditary and lifestyle factors, as well as social and community networks, affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. Therefore, in order to improve the mental health of children from multicultural families, efforts are needed to alleviate their stress, increase life satisfaction and self-esteem, and strengthen their social support.