Earticle

This paper is to research the geographical language and location characteristics of 126 rural settlements focused on Miwon Myeon in the Integrated Cheongju City. The main results are as follows : Firstly, the geographical languages of 126 settlements are classified and categorized in the order of nature (91units, 72.22%), manmade and location related(35 Units, 27.78%). The geographical languages of nature, quite much in comparison with the others, are also classified into 39 ‘mountain’, 46 ‘valley’, and 6 ‘stream’ units in location characteristics. Secondly, the geographical languages of nature have 46 ‘valley’ units, much in comparison with the others. The open circular valleys are extended from Miwon Ri of town center to Gubang Ri along route 19. The closed valleys are placed in the west and north band of town center with a background of mountain range. The 46 ‘valley’ units are distributed widely throughout these places. Thirdly, The geographical languages of 39 ‘valley’ units except original 7 ‘valley’ units are categorized with the secondary ‘mountain’(rock and topography related), ‘stream’, ‘manmade’, and ‘location related’. And so in considering the location characteristics of rural settlements, we will have to grasp the another meaning of the geographical language.

This paper is to research the present condition of settlements in rural areas of the Integrated Cheongju city. Especially the study is focused on the 243 Ri of old Cheongwon-gun(county) from the geographical language. The numbers of settlement with geographical language collected in 243 Ri (10 Myun, 3 Eup, and 4 Gu) are 1,180. The geographical languages could be classified into 6 categories. The main results are as follows:The geographical languages of 243 Ri are classified and categorized in the order of nature(116 Ri, 68.31%), manmade(30 Ri, 12.34%), and location related(23 Ri, 9.46%). The geographical languages of nature are quite much in comparison with the others. The geographical languages of 1,180 settlements are classified and categorized in the order of nature(520units, 44.06%), location related(329 Units, 27.88%), and manmade(184 Units, 15.59%). The geographical languages of nature are much in comparison with the others, but are less than them of 243 Ri.

This study is aimed to examine the local image in subway canopies focused on subway line No.1 Daejeon City in Korea by analysing subway canopy design and emotional response considering geographical language. For this purpose, this study investigated cases of 22 subway canopies of Daejeon City, and then the problems and solutions were presented through the four factors of forms, materials, colors, and lightings in design. As a result of questionnaire survey, the needs for canopy design are suggested and the sensitivity for canopy design related to local image is relatively high. The emotional response is higher to students and ordinary persons in natural geographical language such as 'Daejeon'(related to field), 'Gapcheon'(related to stream), 'Guam' (related to rock) subway, while higher in the busy subway stations to experts who are intensively interested in the canopy design considering geographical language.

This study is aimed to reflect the current status survey, analysis and response of 10 railway stations using geographical names in one of 19 stations located on Gyeongbu, Honam and Chungbuk line. Most railway stations in the study have shown normal images that are close to the standard type by selecting similar building materials rather than reflecting geographical features. Aside from the shape of the traditional Korean house in Cheongju, almost all newly constructed stations tend to incorporate light gray plating material on their modern exterior to produce Family look design as a railroad station. According to a survey of the sensitivity of the station's name, Osong Station was 73.6 percent, Gyeryong Station 67.3 percent, Heukseok-ri Station was 64.5 percent, Shintan-jin 62.6 percent, and Yeonsan Station 57 percent, more than half. Therefore, the results of the five stations were presented as a calculation and proposed design release focusing on the facades of each station. Each of these stations suggested a way to express the facade design image, considering the railway operation status of Korea Railroad, the area of the station and other surroundings.

The geographical location and the intricate terrain of Southeast Asia has been the stage for migration and settlement of civilization since the ancient times. This has fostered a complex ethnic distribution in which various ethnic groups ranging from indigenous to immigrants coexist.; these can be divided into two broad groups of Indochinese who inhabit the peninsula and the Malay people who are distributed over the Malay Archipelago. This study aims to investigate the impact of the geographic features of Southeast Asia and East Asia on linguistic syntax. Moreover, it argues that the differences between the syntax of East Asian languages, such as Japanese, Chinese, Indonesian which do not emphasize the subject and the Indo-European languages which clearly emphasize the subject, are due to geographical characteristics of the region.

본 연구는 지리지 및 고지도에 수록된 지명정보가 국가지명위원회의 심의 절차를 거쳐 공공언어로 제도화되는 과정을 실증적으로 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2022년부터 2025년까지 국가지명위원회 심의자료 DB 783건과 2022년 제4차 본 회의에서 원안 가결된 강원도 춘천시 지명 심의 사례 69건을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 지명 심의의 주요 표결 사유는 안건 내용의 신뢰성(전거·좌표·한자 정합성), 지명의 식별성(중복 회피·범위 명확성), 지명 어휘의 적정성(후부요소 선정, 외래어‧숫자 지양)으로 유형화되었으며 이들 항목이 전체의 86%를 차지하였다. 지명 속성에 따른 쟁점 분석에서는 자연 지명의 경우 위치 정보 부정확(44.8%)과 한자 정보 불일치(32.3%) 등 안건 내용의 신뢰성이 핵심 요인이었던 반면, 인공 지명은 후부요소 선정 기준(54.7%)과 상정 근거 불충분(33.6%) 등 지명의 식별성과 어휘 적정성이 주된 쟁점으로 나타났다. 강원도 춘천시 사례 분석을 통해 지명 심의의 평가 기준을 역사적 타당성(전거·좌표·한자 일치), 현지 사용성(주민 현칭·행정문서), 공공성(표준화 규범 준수)으로 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 전거 부재 지역 심의를 위한 근대지형도, 정사 영상, 공공기록 등을 활용한 다층적 대체 전거 모델을 제언하였다. 본 연구는 향후 2심제 체제에서 지방자치단체의 지명 심의 정책 수립 및 실무 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있는 실증적 기초를 제공했다는 데 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the process by which geographical name information, recorded in geographical records and old maps, is institutionalized as public language through the deliberation procedures of the National Committee on Geographical Names(NCGN). To this end, the study analyzed 783 cases from the NCGN deliberation database (2022?2025) and 69 specific cases of geographical name deliberation in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, which were approved in their original form at the 4th Plenary Meeting in 2022. The analysis revealed that the primary reasons for deliberation voting were categorized into the reliability of the agenda content(sources, coordinates, Chinese characters), the identifiability of geographical names(avoidance of duplication, clarity of scope), and the appropriateness of vocabulary (suffixes, avoidance of foreign words/numbers). These factors accounted for 86% of the total cases. Specifically, distinct issues arose depending on the type of geographical name. For natural geographical names, the key issues were the reliability of content, such as inaccurate location information(44.8%) and mismatched Chinese character information(32.3%). Conversely, for artificial geographical names, The main issues were identifiability and vocabulary appropriateness, including criteria for suffix selection(54.7%) and insufficient grounds for proposal (33.6%). Furthermore, through the analysis of cases in Chuncheon, this study derived three evaluation criteria for geographical name deliberation: historical validity(consistency with sources, coordinates, and Chinese characters), local usage(reflection of residents current naming, road signs, administrative documents, and maps), and publicness(adherence to decision-making principles and standardization norms). Based on these findings, a “Multi-layered Alternative Reference Model” utilizing modern topographic maps, orthophotos, public records, and river/road network databases was proposed for regions lacking historical references. This study holds significance as it provides empirical grounds and practical guidelines for local government geographical name policies within the two-tier deliberation system.

이 글에서는 북한 지명의 명명법에 대해 검토하고, 더 나아가 그것이 언어순화 운동과도 긴밀히 연동되어 있음을 보이고자 한다. 북한에서는 우리말에 남아 있는 일본어의 잔재를 청산하기 위해 해방 직후부터 언어순화운동을 전개했다. 이 운동에서는 일반용어와 전문용어가 전반적으로 순화의 대상이 되었는데, 지명도 예외는 아니었다. 그러나 지금까지 언어순화라는 주제하에서 북한의 지명을 고찰하는 연구는 전혀 이뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 북한의 행정구역 개편과 지명조사사업의 개요에 대해 서술한 다음 북한의 대표적인 어학 잡지 􋺷문화어학습􋺸에 실린 지명에 관한글을 분석했다. 1968년부터 2017년 사이의 자료를 대상으로 하여 지명관련 기사의 전반적인 현황을 정리하고, 지명이 명명되는 방식을 분류하여기술했다. 이를 통해 북한의 언어순화 운동이 지명에 미친 영향을 구체적으로 확인하고자 했다.

This article examines North Korean geographical names, and furthermore, tries to show that they are closely linked with the language purification campaign. Language purification campaign was launched in North Korea immediately after liberation from Japanese colonial rule, in order to remove remnants of Japanese language remaining in the Korean language. In this campaign, general and technical terms were generally reformulated, and of course, geographical names were no exception. However, so far, there has been no research on the study of North Korean geographical names under the theme of language purification. In this study, the outline of North Korea’s administrative division reorganization and the geographical names research project is described. In addition, articles on place names published in North Korea’s representative language magazine Munhwa-eo hakseup were examined. Based on data from 1968 to 2017, overall status of articles on place names is summarized, and methods of naming geographical places were analyzed and classified. Through this research, I confirm and detail the impact of the North Korean language purification campaign in the formulation of geographical names.

Japanese Language School (JLS), founded by Okakura Yoshisaburo as the founding instructor, is a foreign language institute established in Hansung by Government of Choson in 1891. JLS is first-of-its-kind in Korea and considering its sigificance, the institute holds tremendous importance on the history of Japanese language education in Korea. Previous studies on the matter, however, show inconsistencies in terms of the foundation period and the geographical site of the institute; thus, the purpose of this study is to re-examine the foundation period and the site of JLS. After examining primary historical sources -Tongrigyoseoptongsangsamuamunilgi (Logs of the Office for General Control of Diplomatic and Commercial Affair), Tongyeonilgi (Tongyeon Diary), Incheon hang gwancho (Logs of Incheon Port), Ilbonuh hakgyo gyosa shinmun (Employment Record of Teachers in Japanese Language School), Tokyo Asahi Shinmun (The Asahi Shimbun) -the present study suggests that JLS was established in Juja-Dong, Jujadong-Gye, Hundo-Bang, South Hansung-Bu area on July 25, 1891.

The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) reports that nasal vowels do not occur in languages of the Eurasian continent. WALS erroneously analyzes Chinese languages as not having nasal vowels that contrast phonemically with oral vowels and misreports their geographical distribution due to a substantial lack of language data in mainland China and imbalances in the analyzed linguistic data. The purpose of this study is to analyze the language universals and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels in Chinese languages. In this study, nasal vowels appearing in each region are investigated, the language universals and specifics of nasal vowels appearing in Chinese languages are analyzed, and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels are identified. Based on previous studies, this study analyzes the typology of nasal vowels appearing in 351 dialects and local varieties of Chinese. Nasal vowels in Chinese languages show both universal and specific features in their inventory size and frequency of occurrence. This study thus demonstrates that most of Eurasia has nasal vowels, and provides data for revising the Chinese part of the nasal-vowel map of WALS, which was left almost entirely blank, to improve the regional coverage of nasal vowels.

본 논문의 목적은 문화 이론과 언어 이론을 신문화지리적으로 독해하여 공간과 장소에 실천하기 위한 인식론과 방법론의 대안을 제시하고, 나아가 지명연구의 문화정치적 실천을 위한 이론적 토대를 시론적으로 구축하려는 것이다. 지명연구의 문화정치적 접근을 위해 주목한 맑스주의 언어철학의 언어이론, 즉 볼로쉬노프(바흐친)의 이데올로기 기호론과 기호의 다액센트성, 그리고 페쇠의 유물론적 담론이론은 실제 지명이 생산 및 재생산되는 현실 사회관계 및 권력관계의 물질적 양상을 기초로 한다는 점에서 앞으로 지명이그 삶을 유지하는 영역 내의 물질적이고 정신적인 사회관계가 충실하게 분석되어야할 필요가 있다. 아울러 문화 및 언어이론이 신문화지리적으로 이해되고 실천되는 구체적인 문화 현장이자, 문화정치적 성격을 간직하고 있는 한국 지명 변천의 역동적이고 숨겨진 사례들에 대한 기초적인 지명 수집 및 학제적 분석이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

This article aims to present the epistemology and the methodology for spatial practices in terms of geographical reading on the cultural and language theory, especially from a perspective of new cultural geography, furthermore, to preliminarily construct a theoretical basis toward the cultural-political practices of toponymy. In particular, the language theory such as the ideological sign and the multiaccentuality of sign of Voloshinov (Bakhtin) in the Marxist linguistic philosophy, and the materialistic discourse theory of Pecheux are based on the material aspect of the real social and power relations on which toponym has been produced and reproduced. Therefore, the cultural-political approaches of toponymy should be deeply investigated the material and spiritual social relations within diverse territories where toponyms have maintained their life. In addition, the dynamic and hidden cases related to toponymic changes in Korea that is a vivid culture field in which the cultural and language theory are geographically understood and practiced as well as the cultural-political phenomena intrinsic to those have to be basically collected and analysed with the interdisciplinary collaboration.