Earticle

본 연구는 고교학점제 도입 맥락에서 고교 선택과목 이수 경험이 대학 학업 성취(GPA)와 학업 지속성(중도탈락) 에 미치는 관련성을 실증적으로 규명하고 정책·실무적 함의를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 H대학교 2021∼2024학년 도 학생부위주전형 입학생 6,779명이며, Python 3.12로 전처리 후 Jamovi 2.4.14에서 독립표본 t-검정을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 일반선택에서는 수학·과학이 하위 성취 집단에서, 사회·기술·가정이 상위 성취 집단에서 더 많이 이수되었고, 한문·교양은 중도탈락 집단에서 높았다. 진로선택에서는 국어가 상위 성취와, 수학·과학·체육·예술이 하위 성취 및 중도탈 락과 밀접하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 관찰자료 기반의 상관 분석으로서 인과적 효과를 주장하지 않으며, 결과 해석은 ‘연관성(association)’에 한정한다. 이에 근거해 대학 입학사정은 과목군 이수 패턴의 질적 해석을 포함해야 하며, 고교학 점제 운영은 맞춤형 상담을 강화하고, 대학은 수학·과학 조기경보·보충 및 교양·한문 이수자 학업적응 지원을 체계화해야 한다. 또한 2028학년도 대입전형과 관련하여, 학생부종합 서류평가에 ‘과목군 이수 패턴’ 정성평가 루브릭을 도입하고, 신입생 초기 위험학생 조기경보 프로토콜을 운영하는 등 실행 가능한 방안을 제시하였다.

This study examined the relationship between high school elective course completion and college academic achievement (GPA) and persistence (dropout) within Korea’s High School Credit System. Using data from 6,779 students admitted to H University between 2021 and 2024, data were preprocessed with Python 3.12 and analyzed through independent sample t-tests in Jamovi 2.4.14. Results showed that mathematics and science were more frequently taken by low-achieving students, while social studies and home economics were common among high achievers. Classical Chinese and liberal arts courses were associated with higher dropout rates. For career-focused electives, Korean language related to high achievement, whereas mathematics, science, physical education, and arts correlated with low achievement and dropout. As the analysis is based on observational data, interpretations are limited to associations. The study suggests that admissions processes include qualitative evaluation of elective-course patterns, high schools strengthen individualized counseling, and universities establish early-warning and support programs linked to the 2028 admission reform.

본 연구의 목적은 가정교과 선택 교육과정이 실행되는 맥락과 운영 방향을 숙의과정(deliberation) 을 통해 탐색하여 가정교과 선택 교육과정의 혁신 방향을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 3 그룹의 숙 의 집단을 구성하여 총 10개월간 지속적인 숙의 과정을 가졌다. 각 집단의 숙의 내용을 전사하여 질 적으로 분석한 결과, 가정교과가 당면한 도전과 응전이라는 관점에서 각각 다음의 의미를 추출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 가정교과가 당면한 도전은, 입시 과목 중심의 교육과정 편성·운영 문화, 비 입시 교과라는 위 기와 기회, 가정 교과의 성격과 가치에 대한 부정적 인식, 교육과정문서 단위 배당 기준표상의 불리한 조건으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이에 대한 가정교과의 응전 과제는 학생들의 실질적인 요구와 내적 호기심 을 채워줄 수 있는 교과혁신, 교육과정 문서상 필수 이수 단위 설정 등 시수확보를 위한 안전장치 마 련, 학생 진로 희망에 근거한 다양한 선택 교과 개발 및 운영 노력, 교과 인식개선을 위한 적극적 홍 보로 압축되었다. 앞으로 가정교과 선택 교육과정 혁신의 방향에 대한 공동체적 논의가 활발히 이루어 질 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the context and operation direction of the home economics elective curriculum by using deliberation as a research method to seek the direction of innovation in the home economics elective curriculum. To achieve this purpose, three deliberation groups were formed to have a continuous deliberation process for 10 months. As a result of transcribing and qualitative analysis of the deliberations of each group, the following meanings were extracted from the perspective of challenges and responses faced by secondary home economics education. First, the challenges by secondary home economics education are the culture of organizing and operating a curriculum centered on college entrance examination subjects, the crisis and opportunity of non-entrance exam courses, negative perceptions of the nature and value of home economics, and the organization standard table for each area of high school curriculum which is an unfavorable to home economics subjects. Second, the response tasks of home economics are subject innovation that can satisfy students' real needs and internal curiosity, preparation of devices to ensure the acquisition of time, such as setting mandatory completion units in curriculum documents, and development of various home economics elective courses based on student career preferences, and active publicity to improve perception of home economics. In the future, there is a need for active community discussion on the direction of innovation in the Home Economics elective curriculum.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the results of designing and implementing a teaching program for medical education as the elective course for 4th-year students of medical course. Methods: In order to design the teaching program for medical education as an elective course, we conducted literature review, five medical education experts were interviewed, and the literature required in the design process was reviewed. A developing teaching program was implemented as an elective course in a medical school of Korea, and 4th-year students of medical course participated in the program. Results: In the elective course, the medical education program process competencies were derived into three categories: theoretical educational knowledge, teaching competency, and research competency for education. Moreover, instructional materials were developed to help students achieve these competencies. And project-based learning strategy was selected and implemented for 4th-year students in medical course, and positive satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion: As a study designed and implemented in a medical education program in a medical school in Korea, it is expected to be helpful when introducing medical education to undergraduate students or developing a medical education program to strengthen the teaching capacity of residents.

대학에서 한자 학습에 대한 관심은 지속적으로 고조되고 있으나 이에 반해 한문 학습에 대한 요구는 오히려 줄어들고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 현실에서 한자 교육에 비해 상대적으로 위축된 한문 교육을 활성화하기 위해서 교수자는 학습 수요자의 요구를 정확히 파악하고 그들이 호응할 수 있는 수업 내용과 운영 방식을 개발하는 것이 무엇보다 필요하다. 본 연구는 고려대학교에서 교양 과목으로 개설된 한문 관련 수업의 실제 사례를 통해 대학생을 대상으로 한 한문 교육의 교수학습법 개발을 모색하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 대학에서의 한문 교육에 대한 실질적 접근이라는 취지 아래에 필자가 담당했던 <동양의 지혜>라는 한문 관련 수업의 구성 및 운영 방식을 소개하고, 그것을 토대로 효율적인 한문 교육 방향을 모색해 보았다. 이상적인 교수학습을 위한 요건으로는 합리적인 목표 설정, 수요자의 관심을 유발할 수 있는 강의 자료, 수요자의 참여도를 높일 수 있는 체계적인 운영 방식, 타당한 평가 기준 등을 들 수 있다. 이상의 요건 가운데 본고에서는 특히 수요자의 관심을 유발할 수 있는 강의 자료와 참여도를 높일 수 있는 다양하고 체계적인 운영 방식을 위주로 사례를 제시하며 논의를 전개하였다. 필자가 <동양의 지혜> 수업에서 진행했던 교수학습 방법은 문화콘텐츠를 활용하여 동양고전의 내용을 현실 삶 속에서 재해석하는 것과 寓言을 통해 동양의 문화와 선조들의 지혜를 이해하는 것이다. 위축된 한문 교육을 활성화하기 위한 교수법 모색의 일환으로 지난 2~3년 사이 한문 교과의 교육용 콘텐츠 개발에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 대학에서의 한문 관련 실제 강의 사례를 통한 콘텐츠 활용에 관한 연구는 아직까지 영성하다. 그러므로 본고에서 제시하는 교수학습법 사례가 대학 한문 교육의 활성화를 위한 교수법을 모색하는 데에 토대가 될 것이라고 기대한다.

In college education, the demand for learning classical Chinese seems to be decreasing while the demand for learning Chinese characters is continuously increasing. Under this situation, in order to encourage learning Chinese classics, teachers need to identify the needs of learners and develop contents and management methods of lessons that they can enjoy. The present study used a case of classical Chinese related course as an elective course in order to search for effective ways of developing teaching-learning methods of classical Chinese education for college students. Specific contents and management strategies of the course, that is <the wisdom of Orient> were introduced and an effective direction of classical Chinese education was searched for from the view of practical approach to classical Chinese education in college. In general, ideal teaching-learning conditions include reasonable goal setting, interesting contents, systematic management designed to motivate learners’ participation, and valid criteria of evaluation. Among these conditions, the present study focused on the contents development and systematic management of the course that can trigger, increase, and maintain learners’ interests and participation. The teaching-learning method that I used in the course <the wisdom of the Orient> was to re-interpret the Oriental classics in terms of everyday life by the use of cultural contents. In addition, I encouraged the students to understand the wisdom of the ancestors and the Oriental culture through learning allegories. Research on the contents development of classical Chinese courses has been conducted for the past several years in order to investigated teaching -learning methods for the activation of decreased classical Chinese education. However, case studies on the contents utilization in classical Chinese education for college students have not been reported. Therefore, the present case study may be expected to contribute to the development of teaching-learning methods of classical Chinese education in college.

의학과 4학년 5명이 선택실습 (Elective course)으로 해부학을 선택했다. 1개월간 시신 1구를 해부했으며, Digital Report를 조사했다. 학생들의 연구주제는 갑상샘의 모양 및 잘록의 위치, 왼, 오른심장동맥의 분지, 콩팥혈관과 요관의 위치관계 및 콩팥깔때기 모양, 정중신경의 원엎침근 통과유형, 손등에서 손가락폄근의 양상 등이었다. 한편, 이자 부분절제술을 받은 시신에 남아 있는 이자꼬리부분과 간에서 조직을 절취하여, H&E 염색 후 광학현미경으로 관찰했다. 실습 마지막 단계에서, 해부 및 Digital Report 조사, 광학현미경 관찰 소견을 토대로 소논문을 작성하였다. 교수의 관점에서 볼 때, 의학과 4학년의 해부학실습은 1학년의 실습과는 큰 차이가 있었고, 교육적으로 많은 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

Five medical students in the fourth-year took anatomy as their elective courses for 1 month. They dissected one cadaver, and investigated Digital Report, under the course subjects as follows; (1) the shape of thyroid gland and the location of its isthmus, (2) the branches of left and right coronary arteries, (3) the number of blood vessels and bronchi on the hilum of lung, (4) topographical relationship of the renal vessels and ureter, and the shape of the renal pelvis, (5) the location and attachment of the appendix, (6) the penetration of median nerve through the pronator teres, (7) the sensory nerves and the extensor tendons on the dorsum of hand, (8) the branches of deep femoral artery. The pancreatic and live samples were processed and stained with H&E, for LM observation, since the individual had suffered from pancreatic cancer and got a Pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). At the last step of the elective course, students wrote small articles following the conventional method for writing manuscript. From the viewpoint of professor, the anatomy course for the fourthyear students were definitely different from that for first-year students, and had many positive effects in terms of anatomy education.

본 연구는 대학의 교양선택수업에서 동료평가, 평가의 타당성, 정의적 효과에 대한 학생들의 인식을 조사하였다. 주요 연구도구는 17개 문항의 설문지이고, 동료평가에 참여한 60명의 학생을 대상으로 학업성취도, 동료평가의 취득점수, 수여점수를 비교해 보고 동료평가에 대한 전반적 인식, 평가의 타당성, 평가의 정의적 효과에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 참여자들의 학업성취도는 동료평가의 취득점수와 뚜렷한 양적 상관관계가 있었다. 참여자들은 동료평가에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하고 있으며 동료평가점수의 학점 반영에도 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 평가자인 자신과 동료의 평가능력에도 높은 긍정적인 반응을 보였고, 친밀도의 영향력은 낮게 보았다. 또한 교수평가나 자기평가보다 동료평가가 더 정확할 것이라는 의견을 가지고 있으며 동료평가로 인한 여러 가지 정의적 효과에도 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 본 연구에서 참여학생들의 동료평가에 대한 긍정적인 반응은 대학의 교양선택수업에서 동료평가가 적절한 평가의 한 방법으로 적용될 수 있음을 확인시켜준다고 할 수 있다.

Peer assessment has been mostly used in education, with many important benefits reported in terms of student learning. This paper examines students' perception on peer assessment in a university elective course. First, this paper confirms university students' positive perception on the implementation of peer assessment and its use as a grading tool. Second, their perception on validity of peer assessment is supported. An ability to evaluate peers is highly positively viewed and influence of the familiarity to peers is negated. Peer assessment is regarded as a more efficient tool than faculty assessment or self assessment. Third, among many affective benefits of peer assessment, those who do best in class activities without much knowledge about the attending course are believed to be favored in peer assessment, although it is denied in this study. Other effects of class participation and sincere attitude are also considered to be achieved through peer assessment process. This paper concludes that peer assessment is positively accepted by college students, and hence confirms its application in a university elective course.

The purpose of this study (n = 325) were threefold: to explore Korean EFL undergraduates’ perspectives on an on-line course, to investigate the effects of the course on their TOEIC test scores, and to examine the relationship between the participants’ levels of English proficiency and their perspectives on the course. For data collection, the participants were given a survey questionnaire (asking their perspectives) and TOEIC practice tests (obtaining their TOEIC scores). The findings showed that the participants in general reported taking the course had helped them improve their listening ability, independent language studying capacity, and test taking skills. In fact, many of the participants improved their TOEIC test scores. In regard to the third research question, the participants in a high-level group significantly improved the TOEIC scores than those in a low-level group. Some more interesting findings and implications for English education will further be discussed in detail.

2022 교육과정 역사과 선택 과목 편성은 사회 교과군 내 다른 영역과 비교할 때 심각한 불균형을 보인다. 이는 학습자의 선택권을 넓힌다는 새 교육과정의 개정 방향에 부합하지 않는다. 역사과 교육과정 ‘재구조화 연구’와 ‘시안 개발 연구(1차)’에서 제안된 「세계유산 탐구(가칭)」, 「역사콘텐츠와의 대화(가칭)」 두 개의 선택 과목은 폐기되어야 할 이유와 근거를 찾을 수 없다. 두 과목 모두 역사과 선택 과목에 다시 포함하는 것이 마땅하다. 이러한 판단을 근거로 문화유산·문화사 관련 과목 교육과정안을 「한국과 세계의 인류 문화유산」이라는 과목명으로 제시하였다. 문화, 문화사 관련 과목 개설과 교육과정 구성은 학습자가 한국과 다른 나라의 문화유산을 함께 살필 기회를 제공하여 균형감 있는 문화 의식을 가질 수 있도록 한다. 또한 문화사 관련 과목의 제안은 2022 중·고등학교 역사과 교육과정 전체 구성에서 전근대와 근현대의 비중에 불균형이 있다는 지적에 대한 보완의 의미도 있다. 근래 한류 혹은 K-Culture의 확산 등 우리 문화 내용이 전 세계적으로 주목받고 있다. 이러한 시대 조류에서 우리 청소년들이 이러한 문화 융성의 원천인 한국의 문화유산에 대해서 제대로 알 기회를 얻지 못한 상태로 막연한 자문화 중심주의나 문화 사대주의로 흐르는 것은 피해야 할 것이다. 그런 측면에서 「한국과 세계의 인류 문화유산」은 선택 과목의 하나로써 충분한 존립의 근거를 갖는다.

The selection of elective subjects in the history of the 2022 curriculum is disproportionate to other areas within the social studies group. There is no reason to discard the two elective subjects of the history department, which were proposed from the basic research stage of the curriculum. Both subjects deserve to be reintroduced into the course of history. Based on this judgment, I presented a curriculum plan for subjects related to cultural heritage and cultural history under the title of <Cultural Heritage of Humanity in Korea and the World>. In composing the curriculum for cultural history-related subjects, the cultural heritages of Korea and other countries were examined together. This is to provide the learner with an opportunity to have a balanced cultural consciousness without being immersed in both ethnocentrism and cultural philanthropy. In addition, the cultural history subject has the meaning of supplementing the point that there is an imbalance in the proportion of pre-modern and modern times in the overall composition of the middle and high school history curriculum in 2022. Recently, the contents of Korean culture are attracting attention around the world. In this current trend, it should be avoided from flowing into vague self-culturalism or cultural philanthropy without the opportunity for our youth to properly know about Korea's cultural heritage, the source of such cultural prosperity.

본 연구는 고등학생 대상 「식품안전과 건강」의 교육과정 운영 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이에 충북, 경기, 대전, 세종지역의 6개 고등학교에서 「식품안전과 건강」교육과정의 일부가 시범 운영되었고, 수업에 참여한 학생으로부터 수집된 1,199부를 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 「식품안전과 건강」수업은 고등학생의 '식품안전과 건강' 지식 총점 및 각 영역별 점수 향상에 유의한 효과가 있었다. 사전검사에 비해 사후검사 정답률은 전체적으로 7.99%p 높였으며, 해당 영역을 상대적으로 많이 교육한 학교의 향상 점수가 높게 나타났다. 또한 「식품안전과 건강」수업은 고등학생의 식생활 행동을 긍정적으로 변화시켰고, 여러 가지 음식을 골고루 먹는 식습관을 가지게 하는 데 유의한 효과가 있었다. 「식품안전과 건강」수업에 참여했던 고등학생들은 수업에 대하여 매우 긍정적으로(4.27/5) 평가하였으며, 수업 내용이 흥미롭고, 이해하기 쉬웠으며, 실제 식생활에 도움이 된다고 답하였다. 개방형 질문에 대한 답을 분석한 결과, 수업에서 좋았던 점은 식품관련 지식 습득, 실생활에 도움이 되었다는 의견이 많았으며, 아쉬운 점으로 코로나로 인하여 수업이 온라인으로 진행되어 실습이나 모둠 활동을 못한 점 등을 꼽았다. 본 연구는 고교학점제에 대비하여 가정계열 선택과목 편성 확대 및 고등학생의 과목 선택권 확대에 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the curriculum implementation of 「Food Safety and Health」, a Home Economics elective course, for high school students. Accordingly, several units of the 「Food Safety and Health」curriculum were piloted in six high schools in Chungbuk, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, and Sejong, and 1,199 questionnaires collected from students who participated in the classes were analyzed. The results are as follows. The 「Food Safety and Health」class had a significant effect on improving the total score of 'food safety and health' knowledge of high school students and scores for sub-dimensional area. Compared to the pre-test, the overall rate of correct answers for the post-test has increased by 7.99%p, and schools that implemented the relevant unit class relatively more had higher improvement scores. In addition, the 「Food Safety and Health」class has positively changed the eating behavior of high school students, and had a significant effect on having a habit of eating a variety of foods evenly. High school students who participated in the 「Food Safety and Health」class evaluated their classes very positively (4.27 out of 5 points), and responded that the content of the class was interesting, easy to understand, and helpful for their diet in daily life. According to the responses to the open-ended questions, students responded that the class was helpful in acquiring food-related knowledge in their real lives, while there were so many limitations for experiencing lab class and group activities due to COVID 19. In preparation for the high school credit system, this study is meaningful that it has expanded the elective courses in home economics area, as well as the right to choose subjects for high school students.

This study analyzes Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre as part of the general elective course, ‘Women’s Issues through British and American Culture.’ The course is designed to analyze British and American culture and history which influences our contemporary life to gain understanding of our own gender issues in the various facets of our life. The course aims to examine the issues of women by surveying historical influences and diverse aspects of contemporary culture to gain a more objective and mature understanding of women’s issues and achieve a more integrated society. Jane Eyre is a key cultural and historical text to understand women’s issues of not only Bronte’s time but also contemporary times; thus, it will become a central part of the course. This study examines the context of the period when Jane Eyre was produced and discusses the themes in relation to the image of the ‘proper lady’ and ‘angel of the house’ that dominated the 18th and 19th century. Then it surveys how the women novelists used different kinds of strategies to express their critical view of patriarchal social structures that inhibited women. Some took a very direct stance, some a more hidden, conservative stance, while others turned to the Gothic genre to disguise their voice and desires. The study then analyzes Jane Eyre through the various strategies that Bronte had to utilize, following the tradition of her predecessors. The narrator of Jane Eyre had to work through various strategies such as using direct criticism, various female characters, and Gothic mechanisms such as Bertha as her double under the disguise as the angel of the house. Such multiple strategies and layers have produced many diverse interpretations. Thus, through the course, students will also study how different periods have interpreted Jane Eyre according to the gender ideology of their times through surveying three film adaptations of Jane Eyre. By looking at the influence of the ‘angel in the house’ image of women and separated spheres for men and women, students will have the opportunity to consider and discuss their influence on contemporary ideas of gender roles and positions.

This study is to clarifies the identity of “speech communication” using a new subject, “Reading Discussion and Writing”, which will be introduced through elective high-school convergence courses in the 2022 revised Korean-language curriculum. To this, the meaning of literacy required as for the education of a newly transformed society is examined, and the goals and content of the new elective convergence subject, “Reading Discussion and Writing” are elucidated. Then, to understand in detail the operations of identity and meaning of “speech communication” in the context of the “Reading Discussion and Writing” subject, the case of the “First Reading Discussion Hanmadang” in Jeollabuk-do is examined, and an intensive interview survey is conducted with participating learners and teachers. The survey results confirm the potential of the following four speech communication education : 1. Reading deeply and enjoyably, cultivating thinking skills and constructing cooperative meanings; 2. Fusion of speech and words and reinforcement of intertextuality; 3. Connecting the thesis with the learner's life; 4. Creating a desirable culture of communication. In summary, this discussion explored the identity of speech communication. First, speech communication is the most basic and active method of human communication to activate thinking, which is the core of literacy, and enable cooperative meaning construction. Second, speech communication is the process of revealing the subject's perspective and forming their identity.

본 연구는 통합교육 환경의 특수교육대상학생을 위한 고교학점제 선택과목 운영 방안과 지원에 관한 특수학급 교사의 인식과 요구를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 고등학교 특수학급 교사 195명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 고교학점제 시행으로 장애 특성에 따른 맞춤형 학업 및 진로 지도는 가능하지만, 장애 학생의 다양한 과목에 대한 낮은 요구도와 참여 학생의 범위를 고려해야 한다고 인식하였다. 그리고 선택과목 운영을 위해서는 별도의 특수교사 인력지원 및 구체적인 운영 지침이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 온라인 교육과정으로 선택과목을 이수하는 경우 블렌디드 수업과 장애 유형을 고려한 수업 콘텐츠 개발이 필요하며, 학교 간 공동교육과정은 거점형으로 정규시간 내에 블렌디드 공동교육과정으로 운영하는 것이 적절하다고 응답하였다. 학교 밖 교육은 교육(지원)청 소속기관에서 학교 밖 교육과 학교 내에서 외부 전문가 수업을 함께 진행하고, 이를 위해 학교 밖 교육기관 확보 및 질 관리가 필요하다고 답변하였다. 통합교육 환경에서 특수교육대상학생을 위한 선택과목을 운영하기 위해서는 학교 수준에서는 학생의 이동 수업을 위한 지원이 가장 중요하다고 인식하였으며, 교육청 및 국가 수준에서는 선택과목 운영을 위한 전문강사 지원 및 전문가 인력풀 관리에 대한 중요도를 높게 평정하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 통합교육 환경에서 장애학생을 위한 고교학점제의 선택과목 운영에 대한 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

This study explored the perceptions and needs of special education teachers regarding the operation plans and support for high school credit elective courses for students with special needs in inclusive education settings. A survey was conducted targeting 195 high school special education teachers across the country. The results of this study showed that teachers perceived that elective subjects can provide customized academic and career guidance for students with disabilities however, they also noted that the low desire of students with disabilities in various subjects and range of participating students should be taken into consideration. Additionally, it was recognized that additional special education teachers and specific guidelines are needed to operate elective subjects. In the case of online elective courses, it was recognized that blended learning and the development of online contents for different types of disabilities are necessary that it is appropriate to operate inter-school co-curricular programs as blended co-curricular programs within regular school hours on a fixed base school. For out-of-school education, it was recognized that the district office of education should provide both out-of-school education and classes taught by external experts in schools, and that it is necessary to secure out-of-school educational institutions and manage their quality. In order to operate elective courses for students with special needs in an inclusive education environment, the school-level support for students’ mobility is important, moreover, itinerant special teachers are needed to provide elective subjects at both the district and national levels. Based on these results, implication for the operation of high school credit elective courses for students with special needs in inclusive education settings and suggestions for further research are discussed.

본 연구는 교양 태권도 수업 지도자의 매력성이 수업만족, 긍정적 감정 및 수업추천에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 교양 태권도 수업 지도자의 매력성에 대한 중요성을 파악하고 다양한 변인과 태권도 지도자 매력성 관계를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울, 경기도, 경상북도 및 전라북도 지역에 소재하고 있는 6곳의 대학에서 교양 태권도 수업에 참여한 대학생을 대상으로 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 9개의 강좌에서 각각 40부씩 총 360부의 설문지를 배포하여 345부를 최종결과 분석에 이용하였다. 자료처리방법은 SPSS 23.0 및 AMOS 23.0을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 교양 태권도 수업 지도자의 매력성 중 친밀성, 호감성 요인은 심리적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 유사성, 호감성, 친밀성 요인은 신체적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교양 태권도 수업 지도자의 매력성 중 호감성, 친밀성 요인은 긍정적 감정에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교양 태권도 수업 지도자의 매력성 중 호감성, 친밀성, 유사성 요인은 수업추천에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to understand how the elective Taekwondo course impacted the instructors’ attractiveness on class satisfaction, positive emotions, and class recommendations. By analyzing various factors, this study focused on providing a key foundation for understanding the instructors' attractiveness in the elective Taekwondo course. The researchers surveyed 360 college students in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Jeollabuk-do province who were taking elective Taekwondo class, and 345 answers were used for analyses. Frequency analysis, EFA, CFA, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS & AMOS 23.0 version. According to results, firstly, intimacy and likability of instructors’ attractiveness had a significant influence on psychological satisfaction. In addition familiarity, likability, and intimacy of instructors’ attractiveness had a significant influence on physical satisfaction. Secondly, intimacy and familiarity of instructors’ attractiveness had a significant influence on positive emotion. Thirdly, intimacy, familiarity, and likability instructors’ attractiveness had a significant influence on class recommendations.

교육부는 고교학점제를 導入하고, 이에 근거한 학점제형 교육과정 改定을 준비하고 있다. 이 글은 이에 대한 한문교육학 연구자의 代案이다. 그 대안은 두 가지이다. 하나는 고등학교 한문과 ‘선택과목’ 교과목 편제 방안이다. 다른 하나는 한문과 ‘선택과목’ 대단원 구성 방안이다. ‘선택과목’ 교과목 편제 방안으로 3가지를 소개했고, 필자의 방안은 試案으로 제시했다. ‘선택과목’ 대단원 구성 방안에 앞서, 단원 구성 原理와 模型을 제시했다. 단원 구성 원리로 학습자의 수요 부응, 진로 연계, 자기 주도 학습, 그리고 문제 해결 학습을 기술했다. 다음으로, 한문과 기반 단원 구성의 지향점과 대단원 구성 모형을 圖式化했다. 이어서, 主題 中心 선택과목 대단원 구성 방안을 예시했다. 몇 가지 방안, 단원 구성 원리와 모형, 그리고 대단원 구성 방안 예시 등의 자료가 次期 한문과 교육과정 개정 작업에 참고 자료로 活用되기를 期待한다.

The Ministry of Education has introduced a high school credit system and is preparing to revise the credit system curriculum based on this. This article is an alternative to the researcher of Classical Chinese education. There are two alternatives. One is a plan for organizing “elective courses” in high school Classical Chinese education. The other is the composition plan of the main unit of Classical Chinese education and ‘Elective Courses’. I introduced three options for organizing ‘elective courses’ courses, and my plan was presented as a draft. Prior to the composition plan of the “Elective Course” unit, the unit composition principle and model were presented. According to the principle of unit composition, it described responding to the needs of learners, career connection, self-directed learning, and problem-solving learning. Next, the orientation point of the basic unit composition and the grand unit composition model are schematically illustrated. Next, a plan for the composition of a subject-oriented elective course was exemplified. It is expected that materials such as several plans, principles and models of unit composition, and examples of the grand unit composition plan will be used as reference materials for the next Classical Chinese education and curriculum revision work.

Since World Health Organization (WHO) had confirmed Coronavirus as pandemic, rapid changes are occurred in almost all aspects of our lives including social, economic, political and cultural. Among them, educational environments are one of the most impacted areas. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the mode or delivery of class was forced to be online (either synchronous or asynchronous) and almost all universities in Korea offer courses via online. In order to improve the quality of online class, the present study investigated students’ perceptions on synchronous online class. A total of 33 EFL students, enrolled in an English elective course in a private university in Korea, participated. Data were collected from survey, students’ log, interview and open-ended questionnaire. The classes were conducted via ZOOM for 15 weeks, and the students participated online discussions with students from six Asian universities using Skype live session for four weeks (week 8 to 10). Overall, students were satisfied with the synchronous interaction and feedback during ZOOM class. However, they were not satisfied with the online discussion session via Skype. The following implications can be elicited from the study. First, instructors need to offer various IT platforms in online discussion class. Second, in-depth orientation to the use of the platform is necessary for learners’ understanding.

本稿では、 K大学教養大学で行われている日本語教育(「生活日本語会話」)についての現状を明らかにし、教養日本語教育のために改善点を提示することを目的としたものである。本研究の結果以下のことが明らかになった。 (1)K大学教養日本語授業「生活日本語会話」教材は構成の面や学習目標、語彙面において差がある。担当教師間の協議を通じ、学習目的や学習者のレベルに合う適切な教材を選択する必要がある。 (2)会話練習の方法について、教材の本文会話を中心にした授業よりは学習者の活動を念頭に置いた「課題解決方式」の会話練習が有効である。活動表は韓国語で提示するが、質問と答えは日本語で言うように指導し、課題解決の後、結果も一人ずつ日本語で発表する方法がよい。 (3)学習者が興味を持っている文化項目について、概要的な説明にとどまらず、特定項目について詳細に扱うほうがよい。学習者の関心分野を事前に確認し、特定項目や流行り事などを紹介する。 (4)レベルの高い学習者はレベルに合うクラス分けを望まず、レベルの低い学習者はクラス分けを望んでいる。授業の雰囲気づくりや、ゼロレベルの学習者に挫折感を与えないためには、レベルに合うクラス分けが必要である。クラス分けに必要な構造的なインフラを整えるまでは教師間の事前協議を通し、レベルに合ったクラス編成を行った上で、授業をする。

The purpose of this study was to look into the current status of a Japanese language course at K University in Daegu and to provide suggestions for improvement. I examined the classes of the ‘-Daily Japanese Communication-’ (DCU) unit and its teaching methods, textbooks, students’ presentations, and class division per level. The results are as follows. (1) The three textbooks used in the DCU at K University showed some differences in terms of structure, goal, and vocabulary. An appropriate textbook for each class should be selected in accordance with the level of students and goals based on discussions among instructors. (2) The problem-solving-oriented practice was more effective than practice based on textbook content. The problem-solving activities were provided in Korean, but students were instructed to attempt the questions and answers in Japanese with results to be presented in front of the class. (3) For cultural items in which students showed more interest, in-depth introductions were far more effective than quick overviews. It is recommended that teachers introduce what is interesting to the students by having a preparatory research session. (4) Beginner-level students showed more interest in dividing the class by level than advanced-level ones. It is recommended that classes be divided according to students’ proficiency level based on discussions among instructors before structuring the course so as not to overwhelm beginners.

The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient teaching method that can motivate college students’ self-directed learning and ultimately enhance their English writing skills in an elective general education English-only course of “Advanced English Writing,” which touches upon in on improving writing skills of a variety of essays, by using QuillBot, an artificial intelligence-based paraphrasing tool. In order to verify its self-directed learning motivation and educational effectiveness, bipartite experiments using QuillBot and the survey were conducted, and the results were analyzed in terms of the arithmetic and inferential statistics. It was confirmed that students were motivated by QuillBot’s ease of use, providing synonyms, and statistical information of paraphrasing, so it positively induces students’ interest to voluntarily write, proofread, and polish their own essay, carrying out a useful strategy to increase learning motivation. It was also confirmed that using QuillBot showed improvements in the rate of correct answers and grades between midterm and final exam on paraphrasing, performing a supplementary learning tool. It is inferred that QuillBot not only motivates learners’ self-directed learning of English writing, but also plays a positive role in enhancing high quality of writing skills at paraphrasing vocabulary and sentence structure.

한국교육고용패널 2004-2007년 자료 중 343명의 이과 고등학생 조사 데이터를 활용하여 과학에 대한 태도에 대한 잠재 성장 모형을 적합하였다. 모형 적합 결과, 과학에 대한 태도의 무성장 모형보다 성장 모형이 더 나은 것으로 나타났다. 통제 변수가 없는 무조건 성장모형에서 과학에 대한 태도의 초기치와 변화량의 분산이 유의미하였으므로, 여기에 학생 개인 수준에서 이수한 과학 선택 과목의 수, 심화(Ⅱ) 과목의 비율, 교과 다양성, 그리고 중학교 3학년 때의 성적 백분위를 통제 변수로 투입하였다. 이러한 조건 성장모형에서 중학교 3학년 때의 성적 백분위는 과학에 대한 태도 초기치에 정적으로(+) 유의미한 직접 효과가 있었고, 과학 심화 과목의 비율과 교과 다양성이 과학에 대한 태도 변화량에 정적으로(+) 유의미한 직접 효과가 있었다. 연구 결과에 기반하여, 2022 개정 과학과 교육과정이 고교학점제를 대비하여 ‘일반선택’ 계열에서는 교과 지식의 구조를 견지한 물리, 화학, 생물, 지구과학 교과를 제시하고, ‘융합선택’ 계열에서는 해당 교과들의 구조가 어느 정도 유지된 통합형 교과를 개발하며, ‘진로선택’ 계열에서는 차별화된 심화성과 엄격성을 지닌 교과를 제공하는 방향을 제안하고 지지하였다.

We fitted latent growth models of attitude towards science using the Korea Education & Employment Panel 2004-2007 data with 343 high school students. The growth model show better fit indices compared to the no growth model. The intercept and slope showed significant variances, and thus, we added control variables of the number, ratio of advanced courses, and variety in science elective subjects, and the achievement percentile for middle school. In the conditional growth model, the previous achievement has significant positive effects on the intercept and the ratio of the advanced courses and variety of science subjects show significantly positive effects on the slope. Based on the results, it supports the 2022 Revised Science Curricular that high school credit system should provide students with basic ‘Physics,’ ‘Chemistry,’ ‘Biology,’ and ‘Earth Science,’ credits in ‘general electives’, various integrated subjects in ‘converged electives’, and highly advanced subjects in ‘career electives.’