Earticle

The EAC(Estimate at Completion) among existing methods, which estimate cost and time effectively, help managers anticipate changeable several results at the point of 15～30% in the project progress. However, this method may cause such some problems as not to consider the periodically changing circumstances caused by construction risks or uncertainties which can affect the cost and time in the project, and to regard collected and accumulated data only as a single value when predicting the results on the progress. Accordingly, it is very difficult to accept the even small range of variability based on the anticipation of EAC. Consequently, the study focuses on the possibility methodology to anticipate time and cost accurately on the way to utilize EVMS(Earned Value Management System), and also suggest the way to perform the right estimation of EAC as considering various risks and uncertainties in construction projects.

The unsustainable human activities like increased use of automobiles, heavy industrialization and the use of large volumes of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides in the agricultural land cause climate change problems in one way or another. Under normal circumstances, the heat radiations from the sun will be reflected back. An excessive volume of GHGs in the atmosphere would prevent these radiations from reflecting back. East Asia is facing severe climate change issues in recent times. A lot of climate change problems such as hurricanes and floods have been reported from this region in the last couple of decades. The study aimed at investigating the climate change in East Asia with changing Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The study adopted a quantitative research method with a case study research design where a deliberate focus was made on the East Asia Region. Secondary data was gathered and analyzed to yield both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that the impact of East Asia Climate variability was significant mainly for some extreme events. Also, the study concluded that there was a significant link between the change of the East Asia climate variability and that of the sea surface temperature. Further, the study concluded that a linear relationship existed between the sea surface temperature and the climate of East Asia. Hence, a linear regression was a significant predictor of the East Asia Climate (EAC) based on changing sea surface temperature. The model revealed that 37.4% of the variations in the climate change index were explained by the changes in the sea surface temperature. The climate was expected to change with a value of 49.48 for a unit change in the sea surface temperature.

기존 문헌에 따르면, 많은 국가 중 특히 개발도상국은 국내 저축과 투자 사이의 간극을 좁혀 성장을 유지하기 위해 외화 유입에 의존한다. 역사적 관점에 따르면, 자본계정의 자유 화는 1980년대 국제통화기금(IMF)과 세계은행(World Bank)으로 인한 고비용에 따른 자 본 공급이 낮은 국가들에 가장 먼저 제시되었다. 이 정책의 성공은 많은 국가 내의 투자수준 을 증가시켰을 것이다. 그러나, 경제 개방과 국경을 넘는 금융거래에 대한 규제 철폐가 수여 국에 긍정적인 결과를 가져왔는지에 대해서는 아직 논의가 분분하다. 일부 연구는 긍정적 인 영향을 발견했고 그에 반해 다른 연구들은 외화 유입과 투자 간의 부정적인 효과를 보여 줬다. 게다가 대부분의 실증적 연구들은 외국인직접투자와 국내투자와의 관계에 초점을 맞추고 외화 유입이 기타 잠재적 외부 투자원을 간과할 것임에 따라 외국인직접투자만을 고려한다. 본 연구는 동아프리카공동체의 (East African Community or EAC) 5개국(르완 다, 케냐, 브룬디, 탄자니아, 우간다)에서의 외국인직접투자 (Foreign direct investment, FDI), 공적원조 (Official development assistance, ODA) 및 송금 (International remittances) 으로 세분된 외화 유입의 효과를 살펴본다. 본 연구는 1990년부터 2019년까지의 시계열 자 료에 자기회귀분배시차모형(Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, ARDL)을 적용한다. 공적개발원조에 대한 연구 결과는 공적개발원조가 전 5개국의 국내투자에 긍정적인 영향을 끼친다는 것을 보여준다. 송금에 대한 연구 결과는 케냐의 국내투자에는 긍정적인 영향 을 미치나 르완다에는 부정적인 영향이 관측된 것을 보여준다. 이에 따라 케냐의 경우에는 더 많은 외국인 투자자 유치를 위한 정책이 필요한 반면, 다른 국가들의 경우에는 현지 기업 가를 육성하고 보호하는 것에 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 모든 EAC 국가들이 급속한 경제성장 달 성하기 위해 공적개발원조의 사용을 권고한다.

According to existing literature, many countries especially developing countries rely on foreign capital inflows (FCIs) to close the gap between domestic savings and investments and therefore securing growth. From historical view, the liberalization of capital account was first suggested to countries with low supply of capital, due to the high cost of it by IMF and the World Bank in the 1980s. The success of this policy would increase the level of investments in those countries. However, debate is still open on whether the opening up of economies and removal of restrictions on cross-border financial transactions have brought positive results on receiving countries. The existing studies show inconclusive results. Some studies found out a positive effect, whereas other studies showed a negative effect between FCIs and investment. Moreover, most empirical studies focused on the relationship between FDI and domestic investment. However, taking into account only FDI as FCIs would be ignoring other potential external sources of investment. Accordingly, this study examines the effect of FCIs which are disaggregated into foreign direct investment (FDI), official aids (ODA) and remittances on domestic investment in five members of the East African Community (Rwanda, Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda). This paper applies the auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) on time series data from 1990 to 2019. The findings indicate that FDI positively affects domestic investment of Kenya while a negative effect on domestic investment is observed for the case of Rwanda and no effect on the remaining countries ( Burundi, Uganda, and Tanzania). The results for ODA show that ODA positively affects domestic investment in all five countries. The remittances results show a positive impact on domestic investment in Kenya, while a negative effect is observed for Rwanda.

이 연구의 목적은 대학기록관의 특성에 맞는 기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소를 제안하되, 온라인 환경 에서도 활용가능한 EAC-CPF와 융합한 기술요소를 제안하고 이를 근거로 전거레코드를 구축한 실례를 제시하는 것이 다. 이를 위해 첫째, 대학의 기능에 따른 조직의 구성과 특성을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 기록물 생산자별 주요 특성들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 국내표준인 국가기록원 전거레코드 지침과 국제표준인 ISAAR(CPF) 2판을 비교·분석하여 대학기록 물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소들을 제안하되, 이를 다시 EAC-CPF와 매핑하여 최종 기술요소를 도출하였다. 끝 으로, 제안된 기술요소를 토대로 실제 전거레코드를 구축한 사례를 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대학기록물 생산자의 맥락정보를 검색을 위한 표준화된 접근점을 제공하기 위한 구체적인 기술요소들을 제안하고 이를 데이터표준구조와 융 합하여 온라인 환경에서도 생산자 맥락정보의 검색이 가능하게 했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

The research aims to suggest descriptive elements for developing archival authority records in university archives through converging archival information descriptive rules with EAC-CFP, data structure standards. To achieve the purpose, the research conducted the following research phases: first, to analyze the main characteristics of record producers according to the features of both functions and organizations of the university. Second, to analyze the descriptive elements by comparing the rules between ISAAR(CPF) and the guidelines of the authority records of NAK and suggest descriptive elements to build archival authority records. Finally, to suggest the finally deducted descriptive elements by matching up with those of EAC-CPF. The significance of the result is to provide both standardized access points to retrieve university records and to search the contextual information of record production in the online environments by converging the data standard structure, EAC-CPF.

본 연구의 목적은 Stanton과 동료 연구자들(2000b)에 의해 개발된 정서접근적 대처 척도를 타당화하는 것이다. 398명의 사관생도들을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 정서 처리 4문항, 정서 표현 4문항의 2개 요인이 확인되었으며, 이들의 총 설명변량은 60.28%였다. 사관생도 627명을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, χ2(15)=35.81, CFI=.99, TLI=.99, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.01로 2요인 모형이 적합함을 확인하였다. 신뢰도 검증에서, 정서 처리와 정서 표현은 각각 .90, .88로 매우 높은 신뢰도 계수를 나타냈다. 그리고 대처전략 척도, 정적 정서, 부적 정서, 우울, 상태 불안, 삶의 만족도와의 상관분석을 통해 정서접근적 대처 중 정서 처리가 문제중심적 대처와 마찬가지로 접근지향적 대처전략임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 증분 타당도를 알아보기 위한 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 정서접근적 대처는 상태 불안과 삶의 만족도에 있어서 부적 정서와 정서중심적 대처가 설명하지 못하는 고유한 설명력을 가지고 있음을 밝혔다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study is to validate Stanton et al(2000b)’s Emotional Approach Coping (EAC) scale in Korean Military Academy cadets. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis has been conducted, targeting 398 KMA cadets. Its result has disclosed that the EAC scale yields 2 distinct EAC factors: 4 items for emotional process and 4 items for emotional expression. A 2-factor solution accounts for 60.28% of the variance. The result of confirmatory factor analysis based on a sample of 627 KMA cadets has shown that a model of 2 factors fits well with the data: χ2(16)=35.81, CFI=.99, TLI=.99, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.01. The result also shows a high internal consistency reliability, providing .90 of emotional process and .88 of emotional expression respectively. We have found that emotional process - in its correlations with WOC, positive and negative affect, depression, state anxiety, and satisfaction with life scale - has the characteristic of approach-oriented coping strategies which are usually considered to belong to problem-focused coping. From the result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we have known that EAC can take into account the inherent variance in state anxiety and satisfaction with life that negative affect and emotion-focused coping cannot explain. At the end of this study, we have addressed implications and limitations of this study, and have provided recommendations for future studies.

기록전거레코드는 이용자가 기록물에 접근하고, 기록물을 이해하는 것을 지원한다. 그런데 기록물의 생산자는 기록 외에 다른 출판물의 생산자이기도 하며, 이용자도 정보에 통합적으로 접근하기를 원한다. 게다가 기록전거레코드 와 서지제어를 위한 전거레코드는 상이한 특성을 지니면서도 상호 연계가능한 공통점을 지니고 있다. 이에 본 연구에 서는 기록전거레코드를 구축하거나 확장하는데 기존의 전거레코드를 반입하여 이용하고, 확장된 기록전거레코드를 다시 공유할 수 있도록 위키피디아와 같은 웹 환경에 반출하는 방안을 제안하였다. 그리고 시범적인 연계 및 공유 결과를 바탕으로 도출된 시사점과 향후 과제를 제안하였다.

Archival authority records support users in accessing and understanding archival information. The creator of the archives, on the other hand, is also the creator of other informative materials, including published products, and the users want to access information in a seamless manner. Moreover, the authority record has common attributes with the authority records for bibliographic control as well as its distinctive characteristics. Therefore, this research aims to link legacy authority records for constructing and expanding archival authority records and provide the expanded archival records to the Web environment, including Wikipedia, for data sharing. Finally, some issues and suggestions for further research based on the findings that resulted from experimental linking and sharing are discussed.

This paper deals with analyzing accreditation findings and the causes for the deficiencies in the review by the EAC(Engineering Accreditation Committee) of ABEEK in 2014. For this purpose Final Statements of the 266 engineering education programs reviewed by the EAC of ABEEK in 2014 were analyzed on the basis of the each criterion. However, Accreditation Criterion 8(Program Criterion) was excluded in the analysis of the causes for the deficiencies since the program-specific requirements within areas of specialization might vary with the program criteria. As results of accreditation review by the EAC of ABEEK, Deficiency findings were 81 cases which made up 3.81% of total findings, Weakness findings were 1,679 which made up 78.91% of total findings, Concern findings were 124 cases which made up 5.83% of total findings, and Satisfaction findings were 244 cases which made up 11.47% of total findings. Deficiency and Weakness findings against which the relevant program must take actions for the improvement were 82.71% in all. The findings on program accreditation are made on the basis of the Accreditation Actions Guide. Accordingly, in view of formal logic in the accreditation review, the accreditation findings should comply with the Accreditation Actions Guide consistently. In this respect, the Deficiency findings in the accreditation review can be justified. So it is useful for a program or an institution which prepares for the accreditation review to check over the causes for the Deficiency against the Accreditation Actions Guide. On the other hand changeover in the accreditation policy of the ABEEK may be necessary. If the quality of the engineering education is improved continuously through the accreditation review, accreditation fulfills its purpose. To gain this end it is important to place higher value on the 'bigger picture' than on the minor details. In other words, "holistic" evaluation of evidence should form the basis of accreditation review.

본 연구는 프랑스 청년 세대의 문화권 보장을 목적으로 도입된'문화패스(pass Culture)'의 정책적 성과와 한계를 고찰하고, 최근 단행된 대대적인 제도 개편의 배경을 사회학적 관점에서 분석한다. 2024년 12월 프랑스 회계감사원(Cour des Comptes)이 발표한 성과 평가 보고서에 따르면, 문화패스는 양적 확산에는 성공했으나 특정 대중문화 장르로의 소비 편중과 예산의 급격한 팽창이라는 과제를 안고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 개인적문화 소비의 한계를 극복하기 위한 공적 중재 도구로서의 문화예술교육(EAC) 연계 전략을 분석하고, 2025∼2026년 예정된 보편적 지원의 축소및 선별적 복지 강화 정책이 갖는 사회적 함의를 논의하고자 한다. 우리나라 역시 2024년 청년문화예술패스를 도입해서 운영하고 있다. 프랑스 문화패스와 유사하게 청년의 문화권 보장을 정책 목표로 하고 있다. 프랑스 문화패스는 새로운 시도를 통해 진화하고 있다. 이런 맥락에서본 연구의 프랑스의 사례를 통해 유의미한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

This study examines the policy outcomes and structural limitations of the Pass Culture, a cultural voucher program introduced in France to guarantee the cultural rights of the younger generation, and analyzes the socio-structural background of the sweeping institutional reforms recently undertaken. According to the performance evaluation report published by the Cour des Comptes in December 2024, the Pass Culture has achieved considerable success in terms of quantitative diffusion; however, it faces significant challenges, including a marked concentration of consumption in specific popular culture genres and a rapid escalation of public expenditure. Against this backdrop, the present study analyzes the policy strategy of integrating arts and cultural education (Education Artistique et Culturelle, EAC) as a form of public mediation designed to overcome the inherent limitations of individually driven cultural consumption. It further examines the social implications of the policy recalibration scheduled for 2025?2026, which entails a contraction of universal support and a corresponding reinforcement of targeted, needs-based cultural welfare provision. In a comparable policy context, the Republic of Korea introduced its own Youth Cultural Arts Pass in 2024, a program that similarly departs from the shared normative premise of guaranteeing cultural rights for young people. As the French Pass Culture continues to evolve through successive rounds of institutional experimentation and reform, its developmental trajectory offers a particularly instructive comparative reference. In this light, the present study seeks to derive substantive policy implications for the improvement of Korea's youth cultural voucher scheme through a critical engagement with the French experience.

관세학회지(제7권 제1호)The Journal of Korea Research Society for Customspp.239∼263The purpose of the paper is to investigate the validity and feasibility of EAC(East Asia Community). The lessons from the EU and Euro tell us significant policy implication and suggestions on forming of EAC. The paper recognizes China as the most important role of leading EAC and thus pays much attention to CAFTA(China-ASEAN FTA). As, CAFTA is the biggest FTA in the region, it is necessarily required to analyse the effects of CAFTA. For the successful regional integration, it is inevitable to introduce the common currency unit in the region, so called ACU(Asia Currency Unit). By the study, it seems not to be easy for ACU to make a role as Euro because of heterogeneity of political and social system among member countries in the region. When we consider this result, it is also not easy task to form successful EAC. In conclusion, it is recommended that the major three countries, KoreaChinaJapan should cooperate each other and with ASEAN and thus forming integrated FTA with ASEAN. This should be the most important step toward effective integration in EAC.

EVMS(Earned Value Management System)는 건설프로젝트의 선진관리기법으로서 최근 국내건설공사의 공공부분 공사에 도입되어 제도화되었으며, 정부발주뿐만 아니라 민간발주 건설프로젝트에서도 EVMS를 관리기법의 도구로 활용하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 선진관리기법인 EVMS를 도입하기 이전에 EVMS의 여러 업무들이 국내건설사업 환경에 대한 적합성에 대하여 검정할 필요성이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EVMS에서 프로젝트 예측단계로서 최종예상공사비(Estimate At Completion)를 정확하게 평가하고 실질적인 비용을 측정하는데 유용하게 사용하기 위하여 최종예상공사비 평가방법을 제안하고 그 방법들에 대하여 통계적 방법인 가설검정(Hypothesis testing)을 이용하여 타당성을 검증하고자 한다.

Earned Value Management System(EVMS) has been institutionalized as an advanced management technique of construction project lately. And its research has been in the active progress in order to utilize the earned value concept as a project management tool for construction project ordered by both government and private sector. However it is necessary to test and prove the EVMS's adaptability to our construction environment by EVMS's several of operations before its introduction. Project forecasting phase of EVMS is the Estimate at Completion by utilizing earned value data. So, the purpose of this study is to propose EAC evaluation method for evaluation the accuracy of the EAC and encouraging cost realism, and to test for proving the validity of the evaluation methods through hypothesis testing.

건설 사업은 다양한 불확실성 및 리스크 요인으로 인하여 사업 수행 과정이 초기 계획대로 수행되고 있는지에 대한 반복적인 성과측정 및 후속 관리 조치가 필요하다. 이러한 성과 측정의 가장 대표적인 기준이 공정, 공사비, 품질이며 특히, 공정과 공사비의 경우 정량적인 평가가 가능하고 통합관리를 통해 효율성을 높일 수 있는 주요 관리 대상이 된다. 이를 위해 EVM(Earned Value Management)기법을 운영하도록 제도화 하였으며 EVM을 활용함으로써 사업 진도율 $15{\sim}30%$ 시점에서 사업의 EAC(Estimate at Completion)와 공정결과를 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 EAC 추정의 문제점을 제시하고 회귀분석을 이용하여 적정 EAC 변동 범위를 예측한다. 따라서 공동주택 건설사업에서의 공사 수행 중 공정과 공사비의 문제점을 사전에 파악하여 변동 범위의 결과 값을 통해 의사결정자들이 효율적인 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 정보를 제공한 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The EAC(Estimate at Completion) among existing methods, which estimate cost and time effectively, help managers anticipate changeable several results at the point of $15{\sim}30%$ in the project progress. However, this method may cause such some problems as not to consider the periodically changing circumstances caused by construction risks or uncertainties which can affect the cost and time in the project, and to regard collected and accumulated data only as a single value when predicting the results on the progress. Accordingly, it is very difficult to accept the even small range of variability based on the anticipation of EAC. Consequently, the study focuses on the possibility methodology to anticipate time and cost accurately on the way to utilize EVMS(Earned Value Management System), and also suggest the way to perform the right estimation of EAC as considering various risks and uncertainties in construction projects.

우리와 미국의 건설사업 환경 및 제도가 다른 상황에서, EVMS의 도입은 적지 않은 혼란을 가져올 수 있다. 미국의 경우는 수십년간의 많은 경험을 바탕으로 EVMS를 적용하고 있으나, 국내는 이제 EVMS를 도입하고 활용하기 시작하는 단계이기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EVMS 도입상의 문제점 중에서도 최종공사비 산정시 성과지수의 사용에 대한 문제를 다루어 보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내${\cdot}$외의 연구에서 사용된 지수를 검증대상 지수로 보고. 이를 EVMS방식이 적용된 국내 아파트 프로젝트에 통계적으로 적용해 보았다. 이를 통하여, 국내 적용될 수 있는 지수들을 평가하고 지수들의 경향 및 특성을 파악할 수 있었다.

Using EVMS can probably cause lots of confusion under the different systems and different circumstances of the construction industry between Korea and The United States, because The United States has wide experience in applying to EVMS during several decades but Korea has not. Therefore this research deals with the problem about Performance Indices in forecasting EAC(Estimate at Completion) among the problems of using EVMS. A target index of testing in this research is the Performance Indices used in the research at home and abroad in the past and those is applied to APT projects within the country with statistical method. Through this method, we can catch the tendency and the properties of the Performance Indices for applying to Korea.

A well-developed financial system is considered fundamental to achieving viable and sustainable economic growth (Esso, 2010). However, the literature available on the role played by the foreign capital inflows on financial development of receiving countries shows inconclusive results. Given the importance of FCIs in East African Community, this study seeks to examine the effect of FCIs on financial development in EAC countries. It applies the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) using annual data from 1990 to 2020. The results from estimation reveal that FDI affects positively the financial development in Kenya and Tanzania. However, FDI negatively effects Burundi's financial development and no effect is found for Rwanda and Uganda. The results for external debts indicate that debts have significant and negative effects on financial development in Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, while no effect is detected for Burundi and Tanzania. Furthermore, remittances do not have an effect on financial development in Rwanda, but they have a positive effect in Kenya.

Depuis la fin des annees 90, l’enseignement de la culture a ete introduit dans les cursus des departements de francais des universites coreennes. Cette evolution est nee en quelque sorte d’une reaction a la reforme de l'education universitaire menee par le gouvernement et de l’evolution de la societe coreenne. On pourrait distinguer deux orientations principales des etudes universitaires autour de ce phenomene et relever les problematiques suivantes :1. Les elements de la culture sont consideres comme un support plus efficace pour l’apprentissage de la langue francaise. Cette tendance s’est montree comme dominante des l’introduction d’elements culturels dans les cours universitaires. Mais de ce point de vue,l’objectif final du cours de culture se limite a l’apprentissage du francais, ce qui n’est pourtant pas une reponse suffisante aux problemes reels ayant fait naitre la necessite de cours de culture. 2. Les elements de la culture sont traites d’un point de vue ≪ regionale ≫ (Area Studies). L’objectif de cette orientation est de mieux comprendre la societe francophone et de former des specialistes des pays francophones. En revanche, nous remarquons que les etudes sur les cours de la culture francaise excluant l’apprentissage du francais sont rares. Cette rarete est le signe de la desaffection voire de l’hostilite de certains professeurs vis-a-vis de ce type de cours. Face a ce constat, nous proposons une orientation nouvelle qui pourrait venir completer les cours de culture : Une education artistique et culturelle (EAC). L’EAC cherche a initier les etudiants a l’univers general des arts. L’objectif de ce type de cours serait non seulement une meilleure connaissance des arts, mais aussi le developpement de competences artistiques et culturelles. L’appropriation du sens artistique avec celle du francais pourrait donc offrir aux etudiants de plus larges perspectives apres leurs etudes universitaires.

본 연구는 급격한 다문화 사회로 이행 중인 한국의 교육 현장에서 이주 배경 학생의 실질적 사회통합을 위한 방안으로 상호문화주의 관점의 문화예술교육을 제안하고자 한다. 연구의 이론적 기저로 Berry(1997)의 문화변용 이론을 검토하여, 이주 배경 학생이 자국 문화를 유지하면서도 주류 사회와 관계를 맺는 ‘통합(Integration)’의 중요성을 강조하였다. 또한, Byram(1997)의 상호문화 의사소통능력(ICC) 모델을 통해 문화예술 활동이 태도(Savoir-être), 지식(Savoirs), 기술(Savoir-faire), 학습력(Savoir-apprendre)의 네 가지 요소를 어떻게 함양하는지 분석하였다. 프랑스의 국가적 모델인 EAC(Éducation Artistique et Culturelle)와 한국의 ‘문화이음 사업’ 사례를 비교 분석한 결과, 문화예술은 언어적 제약을 넘어 정체성을 표현하고 타자와 소통하는 유효한 매개체임을 확인하였다. 프랑스는 제도화된 지속성을 통해 문화 접근권을 보장하는 반면, 한국은 지역 기반의 단기 프로젝트 중심이라는 한계를 보였다. 이에 본 고는 Berry의 통합 모델과 Byram의 ICC 역량을 실질적으로 구현하기 위해, 언어와 예술을 결합한 통합 수업의 제도화와 장기적인 평가 체계 혁신을 정책적 대안으로 제언한다.

"Lee, Eunju?Hur, Wonjin, 2026. 3. 31. A Comparative Study on Arts and Cultural Education for Students from Migrant Backgrounds: Focusing on French Interculturalism and Korea’s ‘Munhwa?Ieum’ (Cultural Connection). Bilingual Research 103, 333-356. This study proposes an intercultural arts education approach to fostering the practical social integration of students with immigrant backgrounds in Korea, a rapidly transitioning multicultural society. Drawing on Berry’s (1997) acculturation theory as a theoretical foundation, the study emphasizes the importance of “integration”, where immigrant students maintain their native culture while establishing relationships with the mainstream society. Furthermore, drawing on Byram’s (1997) model of intercultural communication (ICC), the study analyzes how arts and cultural activities foster four key components: attitude (Savoir-etre), knowledge (Savoirs), skills (Savoir-faire), and learning ability (Savoir-apprendre). Through a qualitative analysis of students’ visual outputs and observation data from France’s national model, Education Artistique et Culturelle (EAC) and the Korean ‘Munhwa-ieum’ Project, the findings confirm that arts and culture serve as an effective medium for transcending linguistic barriers, enabling students to express their identities and communicate with others. While France guarantees cultural access through institutionalized sustainability, Korea’s approach is limited by its focus on short-term, community-based projects. Accordingly, this paper proposes institutionalization of integrated classes that combine the arts and innovation of long-term evaluation systems as policy alternatives to practically implement Berry’s integrated model and Byram’s ICC capabilities. (Pusan National University)"

It is well known from economic theories that foreign capital inflows play a central role in the growth of developing countries. Many studies have been undertaken to analyze the effects of foreign capital inflows (FCIs) on economic growth using different methodologies. Nevertheless, in spite of the intense discussion on the topic both theoretically and empirically, there is no consensus on the effects of FCIs on growth. The results differ across countries. In addition, most of the existing studies focus on the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth even if FDI is not the only foreign capital inflows that countries rely on for their development. This can reduce the reliability of the estimation results due to the bias from variables omission. Therefore, this study estimates the effect of FCIs on economic growth in five countries of the East African Community (Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda). The study takes together three different components of FCIs which are foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM) and official development assistance (ODA) in the same estimation. Moreover, trade openness is added in the estimation based on the concept of growth theory. This paper applies the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) using annual data from 1990 to 2017. The findings show that FDI has a positive impact on the growth of Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, while a negative impact is found for the case of Burundi. The positive effect on growth is also found for the case of ODA on Rwanda, while a negative impact is detected for other countries. The remittances results show a positive effect on Kenya's growth, whereas a negative effect is found for the case of Rwanda. Finally, trade openness is found to spur growth only in Tanzania, while no impact and negative effect on growth are observed in Burundi, Uganda Kenya and Rwanda.